CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY

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Emil Greene
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1 CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY Plant: herbs locally, rarely shrubs Stem: joints or nodes commonly swollen Root: Leaves: simple, entire, mostly opposite or rarely alternate; mostly no stipules Flowers: mostly perfect, regular (actinomorphic); (4) 5 sepals (separate or united); mostly (4) 5 petals which are often split, notched or fringed or absent; petal base often restricted in size; 5 or 10 stamens, rarely 1-4; ovary superior, 1 pistil, carpels 2-5 (mostly fused) Fruit: usually a capsule, many seeds Other: very large family in North America, mostly in temperate areas; many ornamentals, Dicotyledons Group Genera: ~ 90 or more genera, 3,000+ species (number of genera contested) WARNING family descriptions are only a layman s guide and should not be used as definitive

corolla of usually 5 petals (often notched,

of usually 5 sepals (sometimes fused and lobed);

capsule with many seeds Examples of common genera

(Introduced) Bouncing Bet [Soapwort] Saponaria

(Introduced) Big [Common Mouse-Ear] Chickweed

) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) [Roadside, Red]

Presl (Introduced Deptford Pink Dianthus armeria L.

L. (Introduced) Longleaf Starwort [Stitchwort]

Dixie Stitchwort Minuartia muscorum (Fassett)

2 corolla of usually 5 petals (often notched, fringed, or split; and many taper at base); calyx of usually 5 sepals (sometimes fused and lobed); leaves simple, entire, usually opposite; fruit a capsule with many seeds Examples of common genera Thymeleaf Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia L. (Introduced) Bouncing Bet [Soapwort] Saponaria officinalis L. (Introduced) Big [Common Mouse-Ear] Chickweed Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) [Roadside, Red] Sand Spurry Spergularia rubra (L.) J.& K. Presl (Introduced Deptford Pink Dianthus armeria L. (Introduced) Jagged Chickweed Holosteum umbellatum L. (Introduced) Longleaf Starwort [Stitchwort] Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. Dixie Stitchwort Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler Sleepy Silene [Catchfly] Silene antirrhina L. Fire Pink Silene virginica L. var. virginica Starry [Campion] Catchfly [Windowsfrill] Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f.

3 CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY Fendler's Sandwort; Arenaria fendleri A. Gray Thymeleaf Sandwort; Arenaria serpyllifolia L. (Introduced) Field Chickweed; Cerastium arvense L. ssp. velutinum (Raf.) Ugborogho Big [Common Mouse-Ear] Chickweed; Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) Deptford Pink; Dianthus armeria L. (Introduced) Jagged Chickweed; Holosteum umbellatum L. (Introduced) Dixie Stitchwort; Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler Twinflower [Alpine] Sandwort [Stitchwort]; Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House Pitcher's Stitchwort; Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. Bouncing Bet [Soapwort]; Saponaria officinalis L. (Introduced) Moss Campion; Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. var. subacaulescens (F.N. Williams) Fernald & H. St. John Sleepy Silene [Catchfly]; Silene antirrhina L. White [Evening] Campion; Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) Royal Catchfly; Silene regia Sims Starry [Campion] Catchfly [windowsfrill]; Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Fire Pink; Silene virginica L. var. virginica Bladder Campion [Maidenstears]; Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Introduced) Media Sandspurry; Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov. (Introduced) [Roadside, Red] Sand Spurrey; Spergularia rubra (L.) J.& K. Presl (Introduced) Longleaf Starwort [Stitchwort]; Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. Common Chickweed; Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Introduced) Star [Great] Chickweed; Stellaria pubera Michx.

4 Fendler's Sandwort Arenaria fendleri A. Gray Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, white with red anthers, sepals slender (lanceolate) and sharp pointed; leaves linear and somewhat grass-like, mostly basal but some cauline leaves present; plant spreading and forming mats; foothills to alpine environments; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2012]

5 Thymeleaf Sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia L. (Introduced) Oak Openings Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, sepals longer than petals; leaves ovate, opposite, sessile, pubescent, widely spread on stem; stem evenly pubescent, plant spreading to erect; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2007]

6 Field Chickweed Cerastium arvense L. ssp. velutinum (Raf.) Ugborogho Sam A. Baker State Park, Wayne County, Missouri Notes: flowers white, 5 petals, notched or divided deeply to 1/3 length of petal, petals reaching 1 cm and 2-3X length of sepals, sepals with some glandular hairs; leaves linear to slightly oblong, very hairy; stem to cm, densely hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2010]

7 Big [Common Mouse-Ear] Chickweed Cerastium fontanum Baumg. ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) Clearwater Lake Area, County, Missouri Notes: flowers white, 5 petals deeply notched often to midpoint, USDA petals slightly longer to usually shorter than sepals, sepals with a thin white margin, densely hairy but mostly non-glandular; leaves oblong to ovate with sharp point, very hairy; stem thick and densely hairy; fruit a little curved; plant base somewhat prostrate and then erect, often branching in upper half; spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2012]

8 Deptford Pink Dianthus armeria L. (Introduced) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, deep pink with white dots and toothed, sepals hairy, flower short-stalked, inflorescence bracts long; leaves mostly linear to lanceolate; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2004]

9 Jagged Chickweed Holosteum umbellatum L. (Introduced) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, tips toothed, flowers in an umbel and drooping when in seed (mature), leaves oblong to nearly lanceolate, stem leaves sessile forming a sheath at base, stem hairy as are leaf edges; sometimes forming colonies or mats; Spring [V Max Brown, 2007]

10 Dixie Stitchwort Minuartia muscorum (Fassett) Rabeler Cherokee Prairie Natural Area, Franklin County, Arkansas Notes: flowers white, 5 petals, notched but not divided, petals much longer than sepals, sepals with some glandular hairs, narrowly lanceolate with 3 ridges or nerves; leaves opposite, widely spaced and linear, fairly soft; stem to cm, upper stem hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012]

11 Twinflower [Alpine] Sandwort [Stitchwort] Minuartia obtusiloba (Rydb.) House Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, white (often with greenish veins), obovate to spatulate, sepals shorter than petals and glandular hairy, flowers often solitary; leaves opposite, linear to lanceolate, flat to somewhat fleshy; plant often mat forming; alpine; summer [V Max Brown, 2012]

12 Pitcher's Stitchwort Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. Cherokee Prairie Natural Area, Franklin County, Arkansas Notes: flowers white, 5 petals, barely notched, petals much longer than sepals, sepals broadly lanceolate, some glandular hairs, with 5 ridges or nerves; leaves opposite, widely spaced and linear, fairly soft; stem to cm, upper stem hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2012]

13 Bouncing Bet [Soapwort] Saponaria officinalis L. (Introduced) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flowers, white or pink, in a dense cluster; petals indented and bent back (claw and blade); leaves ovoid; stem smooth to slightly hairy; common but variable plant; summer and fall [V Max Brown, 2004]

14 Moss Campion Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq. var. subacaulescens (F.N. Williams) Fernald & H. St. John Caryophyullaceae (Pink Family) Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled, very deeply cleft or lobed flower, USDA bright pink (light purple, rarely white), short stalked, solitary; leaves mostly basal, linear to lanceolate (small), ciliated edges; forms a dense cushion; summer [V Max Brown, 2012]

15 Sleepy Silene [Catchfly] Silene antirrhina L. Waterville, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flowers (or no petals), 2-cleft, white or pink, calyx oblong to globose, not very constricted at top, green sepal nerves conspicuous, flowers in a loose branching structure; stem leaves opposite, sessile, highly variable; stem often with sticky band beneath upper leaf pair between nodes; late spring to summer (several forms recognized) [V Max Brown, 2007]

16 White [Evening] Campion Silene latifolia Poir. ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter & Burdet (Introduced) Caryophyullaceae (Pink Family) Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: plant dioecious; 5-petaled flower, white (to pinkish) and notched, pistillate flower with several (4-5) styles, calyx inflated and veined; stem leaves paired and elliptical to lanceolate; stem and leaves downy hairy; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2004]

17 Royal Catchfly Silene regia Sims Caryophyullaceae (Pink Family) USDA Wilson s Creek National Battlefield, Greene County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled, very deeply cleft or lobed flower, very bright red, petals may be slightly notched, 3 styles, calyx somewhat inflated and ridged, glandular; leaves lanceolate, mostly entire, hairy, pairs; stem very fine downy; summer to early fall [V Max Brown, 2010]

18 Starry [Campion] Catchfly [Windowsfrill] Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. Caryophyullaceae (Pink) Family Busiek State Forest and Wildlife Area, Christian County, Missouri Notes: 5-petaled flower, white with deeply fringed petals, sepals triangular with sharp tip; middle leaves whorled in 4, ovoid to lanceolate; stem hairy; summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2010]

County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled, very deeply cleft or lobed flower, very

and ridged, a few flowers on long stalks; stem leaves paired, USDA mostly

19 Fire Pink Silene virginica L. var. virginica Caryophyullaceae (Pink Family) Shawnee State Forest, Scioto County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled, very deeply cleft or lobed flower, very bright red, petals notched, 3 styles, calyx fused and somewhat inflated and ridged, a few flowers on long stalks; stem leaves paired, USDA mostly entire, abundant short hairs, sessile and lanceolate; stem downy hairy; early spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2009]

20 Bladder Campion [Catchfly] [Maidenstears] Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Introduced) Caryophyullaceae (Pink) Family Pokagon State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, 2-cleft, 3 extended styles, calyx very inflated with many cross-veins; leaves opposite, lanceolate to ovate; plant branching with many flowers; mostly in grassy areas; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2007]

Media Sandspurry Spergularia maritima (All.

of Toledo Campus, Lucas County, Ohio Notes:

sepals longer than petals; leaves opposite

often fleshy, not very mucronate, up to 5+

21 Media Sandspurry Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov. (Introduced) Univ. of Toledo Campus, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white (sometimes pink), sepals longer than petals; leaves opposite (with axillary fascicles), linear, flat and often fleshy, not very mucronate, up to 5+ cm; late spring to summer (ID tentative) [V Max Brown, 2005]

22 [Roadside, Red] Sand Spurry Spergularia rubra (L.) J.& K. Presl (Introduced) Grand Lake area, Grand County, Colorado Notes: 5-petaled flower, pink (or white), sepals usually longer than petals, sepals glandular hairy; leaves opposite (with axillary fascicles), linear, flat to somewhat fleshy, mucronate, up to 3+ cm; late spring to summer (ID tentative) [V Max Brown, 2012]

23 Longleaf Starwort [Stitchwort] Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: 5-petaled flower, white, so deeply cut as to look like 10 petals, sepals noticeably shorter than petals; leaves opposite or pared, mostly linear to linear-lanceolate, sessile; main stem square; spreading to erect plant, branched; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2007]

24 Common Chickweed Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Introduced) USDA Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers white, 5 petals deeply split (looks like 10), sepals usually longer than petals; leaves oblong to elliptical, stem leaf petioles increasing in length down the stem; plant hairy, not sticky; very common plant, difficult and variable to ID; spring to fall, winter in some places [V Max Brown, 2006]

25 Common Chickweed (winter views) Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Introduced) January, Southwest Missouri

26 Star [Great] Chickweed Stellaria pubera Michx. Maumee River Metroparks, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flowers white and conspicuous; petals deeply cleft (looks like 10); sepals often longer than petals or close, densely hairy on back; leaves pared, sessile lower leaves on short petioles, 4X or less long than wide; spreading to erect plant; spring to early summer (ID??) [V Max Brown, 2005]

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY Plant: herbs; shrubs or rarely trees or vines Stem: Root: Leaves: simple, mostly entire but some lobed or pinnately/palmately divided; mostly opposite but some alternate or whorled;