Management of Pepper and Tomato Diseases

Transcription

1 Management of Pepper and Tomato Diseases Mohammad University of Illinois 7 February 2018 Pepper and Tomato Diseases New Fungicides Pepper diseases Phytophthora blight Bacterial spot Tomato diseases Tomato Septoria leaf blight Tomato bacterial spot Tomato Sclerotinia blight 1

2 New Fungicides Orondis (oxathiapiprolin) Orondis Gold-200 (oxathiapiprolin) (FRAC: U15) Orondis Apti (oxathiapiprolin + chlerothalonil) (FRAC: U15, M5) Orondis Ultra (oxathiapiprolin + mandipropamid) (FRAC: U15, 40) Orondis (oxathiapiprolin) fungicides (FRAC: U15) Alternate application of Orondis fungicides with fungicides with different modes of actions. Not more than 1/3 of fungicide applications should be Orondis (e.g., 1/3, 2/6, 3/9) 2

3 Pepper Diseases Phytophthora blight (the most important disease of peppers) Bacterial spot Phytophthora Blight of Peppers (Phytophthora capsici) Importance: Worldwide occurrence Affects >50 species in 15 plant families The most important disease of peppers and cucurbits Plant infection any time during growth Causes up to 100% crop losses 3

4 Phytophthora blight of bell pepper Phytophthora blight of pepper 4

5 Managing Phytophthora Blight Plant resistant cultivars 3 years of crop rotations Plant disease-free transplants Plant on raised beds Plant in light soil Minimize moisture Avoid contaminated water Use effective fungicides Pepper Cultivars Resistant to Phytophthora blight in Illinois Alliance Aristotle Emerald Isle Enza Intruder Paladin Reinger Revolution 5

6 Phytophthora Blight Management (Host Range: 36 Crops and 9 Weed Species) Host Non-Host. Cantaloupe Cucumber Gourd Corn Pigweed Soybean Eggplant pepper Beet Broccoli Kale Cabbage Pumpkin Squash Radish Crabgrass Basil Chives Zucchini Watermelon Turnip Sandbur Celery Dill Honeydew Swiss-chard Carrot Wheat Water hemp Barley Spinach Nightshade Onion Cocklebur Lamb s-quarters Green bean Lima bean Tomato Mustard Cauliflower Kohlrabi Velvet-leaf Snow pea Tobacco Parsley Puncture vine Fungicides for Pepper Phytophthora. Name FRAC Code Cyazofamid (Ranman) 21 Dimethomorph (Forum) 40 Dimethomorph + Ametoctradin (Zampro) 40, 45 Famoxadon + Cymoxanil (Tanos) 11, 27 Fluazinam (Omega 500F) 29 Fluopicolide (Presidio) 43 Mandipropamid (Revus) 40 Mefenoxam (RG EC, RG Copper) 4 Oxathiapiprolin (Orondis) U15 Phosphonates (ProPhyt,..) 33 Zoxamide + mancozeb (Gavel 75DF) 22, M 6

7 Managing Phytophthora Blight A recommendation (up to 6 sprays) 1) Orondis Ultra 2) Ranman + Silwet 3) Revus + Activator-90 4) Orondis Ultra 5) Ranman + Silwet 6) Revus + Activator-90 Managing Phytophthora Blight 2 nd recommendation 1) Revus + Activator-90 2) Orondis Opti (high rate) 3) Ranman + Silwet 4) Revus + Activator-90 5) Orondis Opti (high rate) 6) Ranman + Silwet 7

8 Pepper Diseases Bacterial spot: Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 8

9 Bacterial spot of pepper Bacterial spot of pepper 9

10 Managing Bacterial Spot of Peppers Plant resistant cultivars Use pathogen-free seed Seed treatment: hot-water, HCl, NaClO Plant certified disease-free transplants Crop rotation: at least 1 year Prevent water-splashing in greenhouse Chemical: Copper, Actigard, Agrimycin 17 (streptomycin), Tanos, and Serenade Max have been registered Spray with mancozeb + Kocide-3000 Pepper and Tomato Diseases Tomato diseases Tomato Septoria leaf blight Tomato bacterial spot Tomato Sclerotinia blight 10

11 Septoria Leaf Blight of Tomato Fungal Diseases: Septoria lycopersici Leaf infection, foliar blight Seed- and residue-borne disease Plant infection throughout the season A serious disease in Illinois, but not in 2017 Septoria leaf spot & blight of tomato 11

12 Managing Septoria Blight of Tomato Cultural practices Plant pathogen-free seed Crop rotation: 3 years Remove debris after harvest Chemical control Quadris alt. Chlorothalonil Bacterial Spot of Tomato Pathogen: Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria Occurrence: most prevalent bacterial disease of tomato in Illinois, especially in the south Damage: mainly foliage necrosis 12

13 Bacterial spot of tomato Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2017, Vandalia Foliage Dis Sev (%) 31 Aug Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R.. Control (check) 0 11 a 29 ad Quintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)/ /Manzate PRO Stick (1.5 lb) +Koci 10 4 cd 16 ab Quadris (6.2 fl oz) + Kocide/ Bravo Weather Stick (2 pt) +Koci 10 5 b-d 12 b Regalia (1 qt)+ Manzate P S + Koci 10 2 d 14 b Cueva (2 qt)+double Nickel (1 qt)/ Quintec + Kocide 10 3 cd 15 ab Phyton Spec XP (40 oz)+ M. P. S.+Ko 10 3 cd 13 b 13

14 Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2017, Vandalia Foliage Dis Sev (%) 31 Aug Treatment # Spray Mt.F. Dixie R.. Control (check) 0 11 a 32 ab Phyton Spectrum XP (40 oz) 10 5 b-d 26 ab Phyton 27 AG (40 oz) 10 7 a-c 20 ab Reliant (5 pt) ab 27 ab Kocide (1.5 lb)+ M. P. S. (1.5 lb) 10 4 cd 25 ab Cueva (2 qt) + Double Nikel (1 qt) ab 32 a LifGard (4.5 oz/100 gal)/ Kocide + Manzate Pro Stick 10 5 b-d 17 ab Spray dates: 6/23, 6/30, 7/7, 7/14, 7/21, 7/28, 8/4, 8/11, 7/18, 8/25 Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, Vandalia Foliage Dis Sev (%) 19 Aug Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R.. Control (check) 0 4 a-c 15 a Phyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/a) 8 4 a-c 9 ab Dithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 3 cd 21 cd Quintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide 8 1 d 2.5 d Quadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 4 a-c 6.5 b-d Kocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) b-d 5.5 b-d Regalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S ab 11 ab Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel 8 6 a ab Reliant (64 fl oz) 8 5 ab 8 b-d 14

15 Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, Vandalia Foliage Dis Sev (%) 17 Sep Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R.. Control (check) 0 41 a 60 a Phyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/a) 8 26 b-d 36 d-f Dithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 14 e 24 f Quintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide e 25 ef Quadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 26 b-d 35 d-f Kocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) 8 19 de 37.5 c-e Regalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S c-e 36 d-f Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel b-d 38 cd Reliant (64 fl oz) 8 35 ab 47.5 a-d Management of Tomato Diseases Effective treatments for bacteria: Quintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb) alt. Dithane-M(2lb)+Kocide (1.5 lb) OR Quintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb) alt. Bravo W.S.(2pt)+Kocide(1.5 lb) 15

16 Sclerotinia Blight (White Mold) of Tomato White molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 16

17 White Molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) A Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 17

18 Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato Disease: a fungal disease Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Status: a soil-born pathogen Pathogen survival: as sclerotia Favorable conditions: wet Infection site: stem and flower Symptoms: water-soaked lesions and plant blight, with sclerotia Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato. Management: is difficult (air-born & soil-born inoculi, large host-range Cultural practices Resistant cultivars not available Dry soil surface Sub-surface drip irrigation Low plant densities Stake plants Remove infected plants Spray (open field): Cabrio, Contans (a fungus), Priaxor Greenhouse/high tunnel: Contans 18

19 Questions/Comments 19