1. Black point in wheat: Is a seed treatment needed? 1 2. Small grain forage yield results from south central Kansas 2

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1 Number 155 September 5, Black point in wheat: Is a seed treatment needed? 1 2. Small grain forage yield results from south central Kansas 2 1. Black point in wheat: Is a seed treatment needed? If wheat has a number of kernels with black or brownish tips, the wheat probably has been infected with black point, or kernel smudge. Symptoms of black point include a brown or black discoloration of the embryo end of the kernels. The discoloration is caused when fungi such as Alternaria or Bipolaris invade the kernel during the later stages of grain development. These fungi are very common, and they generally live on decaying plant materials. However, the fungi can attack the developing kernels when frequent rain occurs during late in the grain filling period. Black point is not considered a threat to reduce yield, but can result in reduced grain quality. Some references suggest that only 2% or 4% of the kernels can be discolored in Grade No. 1 and No. 2 wheat, respectively. If wheat to be used as seed has black point, is a fungicide seed treatment necessary? The fungi that cause black point are generally not strong pathogens, but they can attack plants that are under environmental stress. These fungi can impact seed germination, and it would be wise to check the germination of seed with symptoms of black point. treatment fungicides such as Dividend, Raxil, or Charter should have reasonable activity against these fungi. Black point on wheat. Photo by University of California-Davis -- Erick DeWolf, Extension Plant Pathologist dewolf1@ksu.edu 1

2 2. Small grain forage yield results from south central Kansas Several wheat, triticale, barley, and rye varieties were tested in for forage and grain yield potential. Tests were conducted at the South Central Experiment Field near Hutchinson and in McPherson County in cooperation with McPherson County Extension agent Dale Ladd. The study at the South Central Experiment Field was planted on October 27 at the rate of two bushels per acre. The study in McPherson County was planted on September 28 near Groveland, also at the rate of two bushels per acre. The previous crop was winter canola at Hutchinson and wheat at the McPherson site. Both sites were tandem disked prior to planting. At the Hutchinson site, a field cultivator was also used. At Hutchinson, fertilizer consisted of 75 lbs/acre N and 40 lbs/acre P 2 O 5 as a blend of and urea (46-0-0). An additional application of urea was made on January 19 for a total of 150 lbs/acre N. At McPherson County, 50 lbs/acre N was applied as urea in the fall, followed by 75 lbs/acre N broadcast in early March At the McPherson site, an area was marked out and harvested in December and again in April to measure regrowth (Table 1). Another sample was taken from another part of each plot one time at late milk stage (Table 2). Forage yields are presented on a dry weight basis. Wet weather and high winds prevented a timely forage harvest at the Hutchinson site; however, grain yields were obtained (Table 3). Forage and grain yields were excellent. Triticale and rye grain yields were competitive with wheat, although the varieties with the highest forage yields among triticale varieties were the lowest yielding for grain. 2

3 Variety Table 1. Winter Forage Study Multiple Cutting: McPherson County Type Dry Matter Yield December 4 cutting Dry Matter Yield April 23 cutting Dry Matter Total December + April Maton Rye Roughrider Triticale T-XTRI Triticale TT-XTRI Triticale ThunderCale V Triticale RTST Blend Triticale ThunderCale Triticale K Blend Triticale ThunderTall Triticale ThunderGreen Rye ThunderCale K Triticale Triticale AgriPro 5019 Triticale TAMBAR 501 Barley P-713 Barley PENNBAR 66 Barley P-954 Barley P-919 Barley Jagger HRWW Overley HRWW

4 Table 2. Winter Forage Study One Cutting at Late Milk Stage: McPherson County Variety Type Source Moisture at Harvest % Dry Matter Yield Forage Yield at Harvest Moisture Maton Rye Public Roughrider Triticale Kauffman T-XTRI Triticale Ehmke TT-XTRI Triticale Ehmke ThunderCale V Triticale Ehmke RTST Blend Triticale Ehmke ThunderCale Triticale Ehmke K Blend Triticale Ehmke ThunderTall Triticale Ehmke ThunderGreen Rye Ehmke ThunderCale K Triticale Ehmke Triticale Ehmke AgriPro 5019 Triticale AgriPro Barley Paramount TAMBAR 501 Barley Paramount P-713 Barley Paramount PENNBAR 66 Barley Paramount P-954 Barley Paramount P-919 Jagger HRWW Public Overley HRWW Public Conventional tillage after wheat Planted on September 28 at 2 bushels/acre in 8 rows. Broadcast 75 lb/a N as urea in the fall followed by 50 lb/a N as urea in March. 4

5 Table 3. Winter Cereals Study Grain Yield: McPherson County Variety Type Grain Yield Test Weight (lbs/bu) ThunderCale V Triticale ThunderCale Triticale ThunderCale K Triticale K Blend Triticale ThunderGreen Triticale 3110 N/A 336 Triticale ThunderTall Triticale T-XTRI Triticale Jagger HRWW Overley HRWW PENNBAR 66 Barley TAMBAR 501 Barley P-919 Barley P-713 Barley P-954 Barley Oklon Rye 1650 N/A Elbon Rye 2320 N/A Maton Rye 2270 N/A Chason Rye 1880 N/A AgriPro 5019 Triticale Roughrider Triticale TT-XTRI Triticale Planted on October 27 at 2 bushels/acre. Severe lodging for all barley varieties. -- Vic Martin, Grazing Systems and Alternative Crops, Southcentral Experiment Field vmartin@ksu.edu These e-updates are a regular weekly item from K-State Extension Agronomy and Steve Watson, Agronomy e- Update Editor. All of the Research and Extension faculty in Agronomy will be involved as sources from time to time. If you have any questions or suggestions for topics you'd like to have us address in this weekly update, contact Steve Watson, swatson@ksu.edu, or Jim Shroyer, Research and Extension Crop Production Specialist and State Extension Agronomy Leader jshroyer@ksu.edu 5