Influence of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Germination and Seedling Growth of Dicotylidon Seeds

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1 American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences Available online at ISSN (Print): , ISSN (Online): , ISSN (CD-ROM): AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Influence of Municipal Solid Waste Compost on Germination and Seedling Growth of Dicotylidon Seeds Nisha Gupta 1, Manisha. Agrawal 2 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Rungta College Of Engineering & Technology, University of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Kohka Kurud Road, City Bhilai, Country INDIA. Abstract: The present works were carried out to determine the influence of different municipal solid waste compost (mswc) soil extracts Tap water, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and distilled water (control) obtained from mswc (municipal solid waste compost) and different mixing ratio of mswc soil and distilled water on the percentage relative root growth (RRG%), germination index (GI%), percentage of germination of soya bean (Glycine max). Mung (Vigna radiate,), Lentil (Lens culinaris) were studied by bioassay. Seeds were sown in plastic pots as randomized completely block design with different concentration of soil extract Tap water, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and distilled water (control). The results after 24, 48, 72, 96 hours showed that seedling of Mung, Lentil and soya bean grown on 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% extracts. The best germination percentage, GI%, RRG%. From the study it is concluded that the increased seedling growth in soil extract is best in high concentration (30%) of degrade soil extract. It is summarized that the increase soil nutrient can be useful in seedling production of Dicotylidon seeds. Keywords: Degraded soil, germination, municipal solid waste, plant nutrient, organic matter. I. Introduction In developing countries due to urbanization and industrialization is a large amount of municipal wastes accumulated. This waste is recycled and the compost is applied to different agriculture lands.[a.khoshgoftarmanesh and, M.Kalbasi, 2003] Recent studies on the effects of compost on Physicochemical properties of soil showed that [F.Caravaca et.al., 2003] addition of compost to soil increase organic matter and nutrient (micro and macronutrients) of soil, improve physical and chemical properties of soil. The compost is good source of Nitrogen (N). Compost also supplies partial requirements of plant to Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and micronutrients [E.I.Jimenez and V.P.Garcia, 1989]. One of most important factors for evaluating compost is Germination index (GI %). Impact of compost on plant gives when an effective. The growth and yield is very high an attempt to determine the appropriate amount of compost is used for soya bean (Glycine max). Mung (Vigna radiate) and Lentil (Lens culinaris) [MJ.Malakouti and M Haci, 2004.].The technique of evaluating nutrient of degraded soil extract on germination and early growth of soya bean (Glycine max), Mung (Vigna radiate,), and Lentil (Lens culinaris) seeds were performed in the recent experiment. The effect of organic matter on increase soil fertility is also determined by much study. [S.M.Tiquia and, N.F.Y.Tam. 1998] By virtue of this mswc increase the effect on seed germination and seedling growth and the initial phase in the life cycle of plants is increased [ME. Shibu et. al., 2006]. II. Materials and Methods Study area The experimental field KUNDRAPARA situated in district Durg in CHHATTISGARH STATE. Durg city of country India lies on the geographical coordinates of N, E. This site is dumping fill site the Area of KUNDRAPARA site is 49 squares km its 50 years old. Daily, 70 tones solid waste materials are dump in this site. The dumped material consists of 60 tones of household waste and 10 tones of municipal solid waste are deposited here. Research method After sampling, the sample was stepwise prepared for analysis. Traces of non-biodegradable materials as pieces of plastic and glass have been separated by prickling. The soil sample were dried at 40 0 C up to one hour disintegrated and sieved to two millimeters. The dried samples were grounded using mortar and pestle to AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 51

2 particle size of 0.5 millimeters and then stored in air tight plastic bags. All tool materials which have been used plastic or agate. The characteristics of municipal solid waste compost are shown in table [1] In this experiment twenty five seeds were placed per Petri dish, 100 millimeters in width, on filter paper moistened with tap water, 5%.10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% solution of municipal solid waste compost extract and distilled water as the control. In each Petri dish were added 10 milliliters of soil extract. For control treatment distilled water was added to Petri dish during the treatments Petri dishes were placed in laboratory at 25 0 C. Counting were germinated seed every day, after 24, 48, 72, 96 hours of wetting. Each treatment was repeated five times. Data analyzes was done using a completely randomized design. Seed germination percentage, percentage of relative root growth, germination index was determined by counting the number of germinated seed and expressed as percentage. Were calculated by using formula 1,2 and 3, as follows: [1] Germination % [2] Percentage of relative root growth (RRG %) [3] Germination index (GI %) III. Results and Discussion Physico-chemical analysis The value for the Physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste soil shown in Table.1 the chemical characteristics determined are N, P, K and trace element as Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Physical properties ph, moisture%, Electrical conductivity (EC) and salinity obtained values are compared with standard values of compost. We can use this soil as organic fertilizer. Per The results of the percentage of germination shown in Table 2. The germination percentage differs among different extract of municipal solid waste compost produced larger seedling in comparison with the control. The outcome of this experiment showed that in the Mung seed germination completed after 48, 72, and 96 hours in 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30% compost extract and, but low value of percentage of germination in Lentil seed compare with Mung seed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours 15%, 20% extracts more impressive in soya bean seed after 72 and 96 hours. When we compare the value of soya bean with Mung seed and Lentil seed more than the value of soya bean is fewer shown in Fig. (1). Extract of municipal solid waste compost influential for seed germination. Percentage of relative root growth The result of the percentage of relative root growth (RRG %) is shown in Table 3. The higher value of RRG in 20%, 25% and 30% of extract in Mung seed at 24 hours were in the case of lentil seed 5%, and 10% of extract is much higher. At the 48 hours the higher value of RRG in lentil seed is seen for 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of extract. At 72hours the higher value of RRG in soya bean seed is seen for 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of extract At 96 hours the higher value of RRG in soya bean seed is seen for 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of extract shown in Fig. (2). Extract of municipal solid waste compost influential for root growth. Germination index Germination index (GI %) of the water extracts from the compost sample is shown in Table 4. GI is one of the sensitive characteristics and it is used to evaluate the toxicity and degree of compost maturity. Experiments done in different time intervals like 24, 48.72, and 96 hours. At 24 hours, higher value of GI% seen in lentil seed in order to tap water, 5%, and 10%. At 48 hours, higher value of GI% seen in 20%, 25%, 30% for lentil seed, but for 5%, 10% 15%, Mung seed shows higher value At 72 hours, much higher value seen in soya bean for every percentage shown in Fig. (3). at 96 hours, value of GI% is very higher in the case of soya bean seed for every percentage shown in Fig. (3). So that municipal solid waste compost is very suitable in case of soya bean seed. The higher GI results show the higher seed quality and better performance. IV. Conclusion This experimental studies show the influence the municipal solid waste compost and the different growth rate of Dicotylidon seeds {soya bean. Mung, Lentil (Glycine max, Vigna radiate, Lens culinaris)} In general, from the present study it can be summarized that germination, RRG%, GI% of lentil, Mung, soya bean seed were enhanced by using municipal solid waste compost. This shows that organic matter can be useful for growth medium component, the plant growing requirement; municipal solid waste compost has been used appropriately to show the physical and chemical properties of soils. AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 52

3 Table 1: Physico-chemical parameters of municipal solid waste soil (Compost). S.No. Parameters Municipal solid waste soil [Kundrapara site] Physical properties Color Temperature ( 0 C) Moisture (%) ph EC ( m mhos / cm) Salinity (m mhos /cm) Macronutrients in k.g. /hec. Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Micronutrients in ppm Ca Mg Zn Fe Cu Mn Black Table 2: Effect of concentration of compost extract on Germination percentage. Extract concentration Germination% of Mung seed Germination% of Lentil seed Germination% of Soya bean Time(hours) Tap water Distilled water concentration% of compost extract AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 53

4 Table 3: Effect of concentration of compost extract on percentage of Relative root growth (RRG %). Extract concentration RRG % of Mung seed RRG % of Lentil seed RRG % of Soya bean Time(hours) Tap water Distilled water concentration% of compost extract Table 4: Effect of concentration of compost extract on percentage of Germination index (GI %). Extract concentration GI % of Mung seed GI % of Lentil seed GI % of Soya bean Time(hours) Tap water Distilled water concentration% of compost extract AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 54

5 Germination index% Relative root growth% Germination % Nisha Gupta et al., American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, 8(1), September-November, 2014, Mung Lentil soya bean Time in hours Figure 1: Percentage of germination at 30% of compost soil extract Mung Lentil soya bean Time in hours Figure 2: Percentage of relative root growth at 30% of compost soil extract Mung Lentil soya bean Time in hours Figure 3: Percentage of germination index at 30% of compost soil extract. V. References [1] A.Khoshgoftarmanesh, M.Kalbasi (2003) Growth and Elemental Accumulation of Tomato Seedlings Grown in Composted Solid Waste Soil Amended Journal of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, 6, (text in Persian with English abstract. [2] F. Caravaca, D.Figuerou, M.M.M, Alguacil, A Roldan (2003) Application of composted urban residue enhanced the performance of afforested shrub species in a degraded semiarid land Bio resource technology, 90, [3] E.I.Jimenez, V.P.Garcia (1989) Comparison of three techniques for estimating Phytotoxicity in Municipal solid waste compost Biological wastes, 1989, 27; [4] MJ.Malakouti M Haci, (2004) Soil fertility of arid and semi-arid region Difficulties and solution.tarbiat Modares University press, Tehran. Iran, pp-482 [5] S.M.Tiquia, N.F.Y.Tam (1998) Comparison of three techniques for estimating Phytotoxicity in municipal solid waste compost. Bio resource technology. 65, [6] ME. Shibu, PA. Leffelaar, H.Van Kerulen, PK Aggarwal (2006) Geoderma Quantitative description of soil organic matter dynamics A review of approaches with reference to rice-based cropping systems. Elsevier 137 (1-2), [7] Mohammad R., Asgharipour and Ali R. Sirousmehr, (2012) Comparison of three techniques for estimating Phytotoxicity in municipal solid waste compost. Annals of Biological Research, 3, (2); AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 55

6 [8] Fatemeh Ahmadloo, Masoud Tabari, Hamed Yousefzadeh, Yahya Kooch and Ahmad Rahmani Effects of soil nutrient on seedling performance of Arizona cypress and medite cypress. Annals of Biological Research, 2012, 3, (3); [9] Mehrdad Azizi, Mehrangiz Chehrazi and Seyed Morteza Zahedi. Effects of Salinity Stress on Germination and Early Growth of Sweet William (Dianthus barbatus). Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (6) : [10] Sangeeta Madan,Akansha Bhatia, Ankur Rajpal,.A. A.Kazmi Maturity assessment of rotary drum and windrow composts in terms of germination index and enzymatic activities. International journal of Applied Sciences of Engineering Research 2012 Vol.1, No.3,pp VI. Acknowledgements The authors are thankful to the management, Rungta College of engineering and technology. For providing required laboratory facilities. AIJRFANS ; 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 56