Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 6

Transcription

1 Fail: Sterculiaceae Taxo: Brachchito populeus So: Poeciloderis populea Schott & Edl. (basio Sterculia diversifolia G. Do Coo Nae: bottletree bottelboo kurrajog whiteflower kurrajog Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chiera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chiera WRA Score Is the species highl doesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species becoe aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical cliate(s) - If islad is priaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-iterediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of cliate atch data (0-low; 1-iterediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad cliate suitabilit (eviroetal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical cliates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*ultiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/aeit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*ultiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*ultiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Eviroetal weed =0, = 2*ultiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*ultiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aials =1, = Toxic to aials =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to huas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstes =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at soe stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or liestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 1 of 8

2 411 Clibig or sotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Fors dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, cors, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-copatible or apoictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragetatio =1, = Miiu geerative tie (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotaiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aials (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is fored (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits fro, utilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eeies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 6 Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 2 of 8

3 Supportig Data: Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester No evidece that species is highl doesticated WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. NA Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester "Brachchito populeus is a sall tree high, which has a widespread distributio, occurrig o the wester side of the Great Dividig Rage fro ear Albur, New South Wales ad orth easter Victoria to areas ilad fro Towsville, Queeslad. The species also occurs o the easter side of the Great Dividig Rage i the south-coastal areas of New South Wales south to easter Victoria ad i the upper catchets of coastal rivers o the orth coast of New South Wales." [rage exteds well ito tropics] [Broad ative rage that icludes tropical cliates] Maio, E./Howard, F.. Oraetal trees: "It will ot tolerate cold ad thrives ol i ild areas." a illustrated guide to their selectio ad care. Uiversit of Califoria Press, Berkele ad Los Ageles, CA Backard Gardeer. Brachchito populeus. _ef92.htl "USDA Hardiess Zoe: 9 to 11" Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Hoga, S.. Trees for all seasos: broadleaved evergrees for teperate cliates. Tiber Press, Portlad, OR Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Husse, B.M.J./Keigher, G. J./Dodd, J./Llod, S.G./Couses, R.D.. Wester Weeds. A Guide to the Weeds of Wester Australia. The Weed Societ of Wester Australia, Victoria Park, WA Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Australia Natioal Botaic Gardes. Growig Native Plats - Brachchito populeus /brachchito-populeus.htl WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. A weed of urba bushlad [see 3.02] "...has a widespread distributio, occurrig o the wester side of the Great Dividig Rage fro ear Albur, New South Wales ad orth easter Victoria to areas ilad fro Towsville, Queeslad." [ative rage exteds well ito tropics] " a popular ladscape subject i such areas as the U.S. Southwest ad especiall coastal souther Califoria to the ilder parts of the Orego coast." "I Kigs Park, B. populeus has oved fro cultivatio to becoe a weed i the adjoiig bushlad reserve." [ative Australia tree aturalized i Wester Australia, outside aturall occurrig rage] "It is ofte plated i gardes or as a street tree, ad I aturalized i urba bushlad i Perth. A ative of easter Australia." "The highest desit of kurrajogs (69.3 trees ha 1) was observed i the ost disturbed area of Kigs Park, ad there was a strog relatioship betwee desit of B. populeus ad disturbace (P = 0.058)...Brachchito populeus appears to have becoe a weed i Kigs Park because, first, it is dispersed widel ito ew sites through the foragig behaviour of vertebrates ad oce geriated has o grazig pressure, ad, secod, its developet of a root tuber ad abilit to resprout eas the seedligs are resiliet i this frequetl disturbed Mediterraea eviroet." "It should also be oted that kurrajogs a cause uisace fro their large wood fruit, deep roots that clog drais ad potetial for escape ito ative vegetatio (e.g. ear Perth)." Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 3 of 8

4 Radall, R.P.. Global Copediu of Weeds - Brachchito populeus. puleus/ WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. A weed or urba bushlad [see 3.02] Listed as a eviroetal weed [but ipacts described fro urba bushlad areas. New iforatio could chage the aswer to this questio. See 3.02] Australia Associatio of Bush Regeerators. Bushlad Weeds of the Blue Brachchito acerifolius listed as a weed of the Blue Moutai Regio [but with o descriptio of ipacts. More iforatio eeded] Moutais Regio. tet&view=article&id=53:bushlad-weeds-of-theblue-outais-regio&catid=92:weedlists&iteid= Australia Associatio of Bush Regeerators. Bushlad Weeds of the Sde Regio. tet&view=article&id=52:bushlad-weeds-of-thesde-regio&catid=92:weed-lists&iteid=75 "List 3: Mior Weeds Still Cultivated. It to bushlad. The should be reoved if provig weed." [List icludes Brachchito acerifolius. Need further iforatio to aswer es to this questio] Florabak. Brachchito populeus. "Brachchito populeus is a tree up to 20 i height, which usuall has a relativel short bole ad a desel-foliaged crow." [o spies, thors, or burrs] Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological No evidece characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Not parasitic Fuller, T.C./McClitock, E.M.. Poisoous plats of Califoria: Issue 53 of Califoria atural histor guides. Uiversit of Califoria Press, Berkele ad Los Ageles, CA Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Siods, H./Holst, P./Bourke, C.. The palatabilit, ad potetial toxicit of Australia weeds to goats. Rural Idustries Research ad Developet Corporatio, Barto, Australia Elliot, R.. Australia Plats: For Gardes i the Su. Roseberg Publishig, Kethurst, Australia "I Australia, this species is regarded as oe of the best fodder trees for cattle ad sheep. Aials have bee poisoed ol whe their diet cosisted alost totall of this tree." [apparetl palatable] "Brachchito populeus appears to have becoe a weed i Kigs Park because, first, it is dispersed widel ito ew sites through the foragig behaviour of vertebrates ad oce geriated has o grazig pressure, ad, secod, its developet of a root tuber ad abilit to resprout eas the seedligs are resiliet i this frequetl disturbed Mediterraea eviroet." [o grazig pressure suggests plats are upalatable] "Palatabilit: High at all stages" "the foliage is highl i ties of drought as eergec food for far aials." [presuabl palatable, although i cotradictio to Buist et al. 2000] Florabak. Brachchito populeus. Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht "Foliage: highl susceptible to browsig b aials" Fuller, T.C./McClitock, E.M.. Poisoous plats of Califoria: Issue 53 of Califoria atural histor guides. Uiversit of Califoria Press, Berkele ad Los Ageles, CA Siods, H./Holst, P./Bourke, C.. The palatabilit, ad potetial toxicit of Australia weeds to goats. Rural Idustries Research ad Developet Corporatio, Barto, Australia "Toxic part: Seeds. Toxi: Ukow. Sptos: Laeess, treors, collapse, ad death i cattle ad sheep. Poisoig of livestock fro Kurrajog is ot kow i Califoria, but care should be take to keep aials fro these trees of their pruigs that have pods ad seeds attached. Experietall the seeds have proved to be toxic Aials have bee poisoed ol whe their diet cosisted alost totall of this tree." [potetial exists uder certai circustaces] "Toxicit to Goats: Toxic, low risk...toxicit to Other Species: Potetiall toxic to sheep ad cattle...rarel poisoous, but if large aouts of seeds are preset o fruitig trees, poisoig ca occur." Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 4 of 8

5 Maio, E./Howard, F.. Oraetal trees: a illustrated guide to their selectio ad care. Uiversit of Califoria Press, Berkele ad Los Ageles, CA Australia Natioal Botaic Gardes. Growig Native Plats - Brachchito populeus /brachchito-populeus.htl Hatch, C.R.. Trees of the Califoria Ladscape. Uiversit of Califoria Press, Berkele ad Los Ageles, CA Siods, H./Holst, P./Bourke, C.. The palatabilit, ad potetial toxicit of Australia weeds to goats. Rural Idustries Research ad Developet Corporatio, Barto, Australia Elliot, R.. Australia Plats: For Gardes i the Su. Roseberg Publishig, Kethurst, Australia Care, A./Evas, M./Ha, P./Literas, M./MacDoald, T./Ora, P./Sharp, S./Shorthouse, D./Webb, N.. Techical Report 17: Wildfires i the ACT 2003: Report o iitial ipacts o atural ecosstes.. Eviroet ACT, Caberra Scarff, F.R./Westob, M.. Leaf litter flaabilit i soe sei-arid Australia woodlads. Fuctioal Ecolog. 20: "Pests ad Diseases: Relativel free fro both." "Plats have uerous pests ad diseases but show resiliece to defoliatio. Iteral ifectios are best avoided b applicatio of ati-fugal treatets to ope wouds." [but o reports as a sigificat host] "Susceptible to Texas root rot." "The fruit is a wood boat-shaped pod, with hairs o the seeds. These ca be ver irritatig to the ski." "If seed is beig collected it is recoeded that gloves be wor. The leather to wood fruits cotai a sall hairs, which ca cause ski irritatios that a be severe for soe people with sesitive ski." [ulikel to cause probles except for susceptible idividuals collectig seeds] "Table 2.1. Respose of targeted plat species to the 2003 bushfires...brachchito populeus...fire severit i habitat...high to ver high...respose oted durig surve...where fire severit was ver high, epicoric growth was vigorous alog both truk ad braches; resproutig fro the base o soe trees scorched ad severel burt; seedligs appeared soo after fire." [species occurs i a fire proe regio i Australia] "1. Wildfires strogl ifluece the biotic copositio ad carbo ccle of a ecosstes. Plat species provide the fuel for wildfires, but var widel i their flaabilit. This stud aied to deterie what plat characteristics cotrol leaf litter flaabilit ad to clarif how the are related to other fuctioal traits. 2. Litter flaabilit varied across 14 tree species occurrig i a osaic of five floristic associatios. 3. Differeces i heat-release rate betwee species were drive b leaf size, fro sallleaved coifers, casuarias ad acacias to large leaved eucalpts ad Brachchito. 4. Large leaves created a ope litter bed structure that bured ore rapidl because it was better vetilated. The results o heat release rate were partitioed accordig to fudaetal priciples for the trasport of oxge through a packed fuel bed, showig that heat-release rate scaled liearl with estiated gas-flow rates, as expected i vetilatio-cotrolled fires. 5. Species that were able to resprout after fire had litter that bured ore itesel ad was ore likel to sustai a spreadig fire tha litter fro obligate seeders, ad were correspodigl larger-leaved. 6. Ma fire-proe wooded ecosstes i the regio cosist of large-leaved resproutig tree species cooccurrig with sall-leaved obligate seeders." [deciduous tree with flaable litter] Backard Gardeer. Brachchito "Light Rage: Su to Full Su" populeus. _ef92.htl Plat This. Brachchito populeus. eace&platspot=0 "Sulight: hot overhead su" Plats for a Future Database. Brachchito "It caot grow i the shade." populeus. rachchito%20populeus Siods, H./Holst, P./Bourke, C.. The palatabilit, ad potetial toxicit of Australia weeds to goats. Rural Idustries Research ad Developet Corporatio, Barto, Australia "Foud i rock areas, plais ad o river baks, i a variet of soils." Elliot, R.. Australia Plats: For Gardes i the Su. Roseberg Publishig, Kethurst, Australia "it adapts to a wide rage of coditios icludig exteded dr periods, i soils which ca be rock through to sad loa." Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 5 of 8

6 Florabak. Brachchito populeus. "Soil factors Texture: cla loa, heav cla (greater tha 50% cla), light to ediu cla (35-50% cla) or loa, sad loa, sad cla loa Soil ph Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht reactio: acidic (less tha 6.5), eutral ( ) or alkalie (greater tha 7.5) Soil depth: oderate to deep ( c or greater) Draiage: well-draied Saliit: slightl to oderatel salie or o salie Tolerace of adverse soils Extrees i ph: acidit or alkaliit Saliit: il - sesitive to salie soils or slight tolerace (2-4 ds -1) Soil waterloggig tolerace: il - sesitive to waterlogged soils" Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. Ukow if able to for dese thickets Florabak. Brachchito populeus. Terrestrial tree Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht Australia Plat Nae Idex. Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae - Brachchito populeus. Itegrated Botaical Iforatio Sste (IBIS) Australia Natioal Botaic Gardes Australia Natioal Herbariu, Australia Plat Nae Idex. Sterculiaceae - Brachchito populeus. Itegrated Botaical Iforatio Sste (IBIS) Australia Natioal Botaic Gardes Australia Natioal Herbariu, Sterculiaceae [ot itroge fixig] Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Elliot, R.. Australia Plats: For Gardes i the Su. Roseberg Publishig, Kethurst, Australia Guer, G.P.. A taxooic revisio of Brachchito (Sterculiaceae). Australia Ssteatic Bota. 1(3): "Brachchito populeus is a sall tree high" [does ot have a clibig or sotherig growth habit] "Earl i their developet, seedligs allocate resources to for a large taprooted tuber that has substatial starch ad water reserves, allowig seedligs to survive the log dr ad hot suers i Perth." [but ot a herbaceous geophte] No evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat "Brachchito populeus produces prolific aouts of seed ad is i this respect siilar to other wood weeds i Australia ecosstes" "Brachchito are usuall propagated fro seed, which does ot require a presowig treatet." "Naturall occurrig hbrids withi the geus are frequet betwee partiall spatric species. Eight hbrids are recorded ad described: B. x allochrous, B. x careus, B. x excelles, B. x hirtellus, B. x icaratus, B. x roseus, B. x turgidulus ad B. x viicolor." Eddie, C.. Field Guide to Trees ad Shrubs "Occasioall hbridizes with arrowleaved bottle tree" of Easter Queeslad Oil ad Gas Fields. Satos House, Adelaide Plats for a Future Database. Brachchito "The flowers are ooecious (idividual flowers are either ale or feale, but populeus. both sexes ca be foud o the sae plat)" rachchito%20populeus WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. Ukow Florabak. Brachchito populeus. "flowers produce ectar for hoe productio, polle has value for apiculture" [presuabl does ot require specialist polliators] Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 6 of 8

7 Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, "Vegetative regeeratio strateg. Resprouts" [Aswer es to Questio No evidece of reproductio b vegetative fragetatio] Florabak. Brachchito populeus. "Habit: deciduous tree tall, usuall produces a clear truk. Growth rate: slow to oderate. Logevit: oderate to log lived (>15 ears)" Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - "Tie to first flowerig. Possibl 8+ ears." The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Keigher, G.. Predictig ad prevetig the west's eviroetal weeds of the ext cetur. Pp i A.C Bishop et al. (eds.). 12th Australia Weeds Coferece proceedigs - weed aageet ito the 21st Cetur: do we kow where we're goig? Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Ipoga, D.M./Milto, S.J./Richardso, D.M.. Reproductive potetial ad seedlig establishet of the ivasive alie tree Schius olle (Aacardiaceae) i South Africa. Austral Ecolog. 34: "Dispersal. Birds, rats ad possibl other aals." [but o eas of exteral attachet, ad "Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (Schott et Edl.) R. Br. (kurrajog) is a sall tree that occurs aturall ragig fro souther Queeslad to Victoria. It has bee widel plated as a oraetal tree i south-wester Australia." "Dispersal. Birds, rats ad possibl other aals." [o evidece that seeds are cotaiats of produce, ad ulikel to be grow with produce or other coercial product] "Dispersal. Birds, rats ad possibl other aals." [ot wid dispersed] "Dispersal. Birds, rats ad possibl other aals." [o evidece of water dispersal] "Brachchito populeus (Schott & Edl.) R.Br. This species with bird dispersed fruit has bee recorded fro Baksia woodlad, ail i Kigs Park, aroud Perth. It appears able to ivade relativel itact vegetatio." "The ost strikig feature of the ivasio was the tedec of B. populeus to occur beeath other tree species, ad this was attributed to birds feedig o trasported fruit i trees ad rats buildig seed caches at their base...the foragig behaviour of the vertebrates a facilitate the dispersal of seeds for relativel log distaces awa fro paret plats." "Seeds of alie flesh fruited species plated i the ilitar base have bee dispersed b birds to the surroudig savaa where soe, icludig Brachchito populeus, Celtis sp., Melia azedarach, Morus alba, Puica graatu ad S. olle (Aacardiaceae), have established beeath A. tortilis caopies (Milto et al. 2007; Ipoga et al. 2009)." Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 7 of 8

8 Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. Seed productio ukow Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester Wright, B.R./Clarke, P.J.. Fire, aridit ad seed baks. What does seed bak copositio reveal about couit processes i fire-proe desert?. Joural of Vegetatio Sciece. 20: Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Wester Australia Herbariu. FloraBase - The Wester Australia Flora - Brachchito populeus. Departet of Eviroet ad Coservatio, Buist, M./Yates, C.J/Ladd, P.G.. Ecological characteristics of Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) (kurrajog) i relatio to the ivasio of urba bushlad i south-wester "The ost strikig feature of the ivasio was the tedec of B. populeus to occur beeath other tree species, ad this was attributed to birds feedig o trasported fruit i trees ad rats buildig seed caches at their base...the foragig behaviour of the vertebrates a facilitate the dispersal of seeds for relativel log distaces awa fro paret plats." [exteral trasport & cachig b rodets] "Dispersal. Birds, rats ad possibl other aals." [seeds presuabl survive passage through guts of birds, but exteral dispersal also a occur] "Seeds that escape predatio for a trasiet seed bak ad geriate with the oset of the witer rais." "Fire histor appeared to have little effect o wood seed populatios, with ost species possessig either extreel sparse or o-existet seed baks, irrespective of fire histor. Coo species such as Acacia elleodora, Allocasuaria decaiseaa ad Brachchito populeus were abset i the seed bak, while Grevillea jucifolia, Acacia aeura ad A. kepeaa F.Muell. were preset but at ver low desities" [apparetl does ot for a seed bak i its ative rage] "Seedbak persistece. Short, das-1 ear. " "Suggested ethod of aageet ad cotrol. Had pull seedligs. For ature plats tr ste ijectio with % glphosate or appl 250 l Access i 15 L of diesel to basal 50 c of truk (basal bark) or cut ad pait with 50% glphosate." "The stud observed that B. populeus could survive at least oe fire b resproutig fro basal dorat buds." Florabak. Brachchito populeus. Navigator/Media/Htl/Brachchito_populeus.ht "Coppicig abilit: vigorous, respods to pruig, pollardig; ligotuberous" WRA Specialist. Persoal Couicatio. Ukow Prit Date: 7/9/2012 Brachchito populeus (Sterculiaceae) Page 8 of 8