Faba bean whole crop silage for dairy cows

Transcription

1 Faba bean whole crop silage for dairy cows, Tuomo Kokkonen, Anni Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau, Tytti Termonen, Aila Vanhatalo & Seija Jaakkola 1

2 Why legume-cereal silage? Finland N N N N Nitrogen fixation - Potential to decrease the use of nitrogen fertilizers High biomass production capacity Brazil Boreal growing conditions = short summers Seed production of grain legumes is unsure 2

3 Differences in composition Silage crops at various growth stages Data: Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki Grain legumes* (whole crop) Wheat (whole crop) Timothy- Meadow fescue Crude protein g/kg DM NDF g/kg DM Starch g/kg DM In vitro DOMD g/kg DM 179 ( ) 129 (61-197) 149 (99-192) 359 ( ) 509 ( ) 557 ( ) 79 (12-180) 156 (51-264) ( ) 593 ( ) 685 ( ) * Faba bean, field pea, white lupin 3

4 Grass silage Faba bean-wheat whole crop silage + Grass silage FEED INTAKE? NUTRIENT UTILIZATION? MILK PRODUCTION? Concentrate crude protein 175 g/kg DM Concentrate crude protein 200 g/kg DM 4

5 Materials & Methods Replicated 4 4 Latin Square 2 2 factorial arrangement of treatments 8 multiparous Finnish Ayrshire cows On average 100 d in milk Silage ad libitum, concentrate 13 kg/d Rapeseed meal 2.0 kg/d Crude protein (CP) 175 g/kg DM Rapeseed meal 3.5 kg/d Crude protein (CP) 200 g/kg DM Crude protein content of silages: Grass silage (GS): 155 g/kg DM Faba bean-wheat whole crop silage + grass silage (FB): 160 g/kg DM 5

6 Growth stages Faba bean: Seeds green and filled the pod cavity Wheat: Dough stage Grass silage: Timothy-Meadow fescue Primary growth Early stage of inflorescence emergence 6

7 Results Lower digestibility of faba bean silage Equal dry matter intake Equal milk production g/kg DM Digestibility kg DM/d Dry matter intake kg/d Milk production Faba bean silage Grass silage 0 GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB-200 In vitro In vivo sheep Silage intake Concentrate intake 7

8 Results Milk components CP * FB *** CP *** FB CP ** GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB-200 GS- 175 GS- 200 FB- 175 Rumen volatile fatty acids, mmol/mol FB- 200 Acetic acid Propionic acid Butyric acid Significance FB CP ** FB *** CP ** FB CP ** 25 Fat, Protein, Lactose, Urea, Total VFA g/kg g/kg g/kg mg/100ml Plasma metabolites, mmol/l Glucose Insuline CP * NEFA FB * BHBA Acetic acid

9 Results Rumen NH 3 -N, mmol/l Crude protein intake, kg/d FB ** FB CP * GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB-200 Speculations: - Nitrogen:Energy ratio? - Differences in protein quality? - Rumen degradable protein CP ** Nitrogen partitioning, % FB CP GS-175 GS-200 FB FB Milk Faeces Urine 9

10 Conclusions Partial replacement of grass silage with faba bean-wheat silage: Equal DM intake and milk production Despite of the lower digestibility of faba bean-wheat silage Increasing crude protein content of concentrate: Decreased milk fat content and feed N utilization Silage type and crude protein content of concentrate: Minor effects on rumen fermentation Differences in nitrogen utilization between silage types? 10

11 THANK YOU! QUESTIONS & COMMENTS? 11

12 Chemical composition of silages Units g/kg DM, unless otherwise stated Grass silage (GS) Faba beanwheat silage (FB) Mixture (1:1) of GS and FB Dry matter, g/kg Crude protein NDF Starch Not analysed In vitro DOMD ph Lactic acid Acetic acid Propionic acid Butyric acid Ammonia-N, g/kg N

13 Nutrient intake of animals Units kg/d, unless otherwise stated Organic matter Crude protein GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB-200 Significance FB CP * NDF FB Starch ME, MJ/d FB *** CP *** AAT, g/d CP PBV, g/d FB *** 13

14 Plasma amino acids, µmol/l GS-175 GS-200 FB-175 FB-200 Significance Arginine Histidine FB * Isoleucine Leucine FB * Lycine FB Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Valine FB ** CP BCAA FB * EAA NEAA Marjukka 1346 Lamminen 1263 FB CP TAA FB 14