(L.) Frodin Araliaceae. Schefflera heptaphylla. LOCAL NAMES English (ivy tree); Lao (Sino-Tibetan) (ko tan); Vietnamese (nam s[aa]m)
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1 LOCAL NAMES English (ivy tree); Lao (Sino-Tibetan) (ko tan); Vietnamese (nam s[aa]m) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Schefflera heptaphylla is a small to medium-sized, semi-deciduous or evergreen tree up to 25 m tall, bole up to 80 cm in diameter. Leaves palmately 6-8(-11)-foliolate, polymorphic, petiole 8-35 cm long, leaflets elliptical to ovate-elliptical, 7-20 cm x 3-6 cm, base attenuate, apex narrowly pointed, margin entire, glabrous, petiolules unequal, 1-5 cm long. Inflorescence a well-developed panicle with hairy branches; flowers in many-flowered umbellules or sometimes solitary at the top of secondary axes; flowers 5-merous, ovary 5-8(-10)-locular. Fruit globular, 3-4 mm in diameter, black. In the light of recent taxonomical insight, the species known almost universally since the 1890s as Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms should be called S. heptaphylla. It is a renowned medicinal plant from Indo-China, southern China, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands. BIOLOGY Flowers bloom from fall to early winter followed by round blueish black berries. Page 1 of 5
2 ECOLOGY S. heptaphylla is found in relatively open forest and forest edges. In southernmost Japan it occurs near sea-level; in the Ryukyu Islands up to 600 m elevation. Southward in the tropics its maximum altitude rises to 1200(-1400) m, or it even becomes entirely montane. Its distribution corresponds with the 20 deg. C average January isotherm. Exploited from wild sources as well as from cultivation, this species can probably be grown easily at higher elevations in the Malesian region. BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS Altitude: Up to 1200(-1400) m. Soil types: Sandy Loam to Clay Loam DOCUMENTED SPECIES DISTRIBUTION Native: Exotic: China, India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Province of China Native range Exotic range The map above shows countries where the species has been planted. It does neither suggest that the species can be planted in every ecological zone within that country, nor that the species can not be planted in other countries than those depicted. Since some tree species are invasive, you need to follow biosafety procedures that apply to your planting site. Page 2 of 5
3 PRODUCTS Timber and Fibre: The wood of S. heptaphylla is soft, light and easy to work, and can be used for paper, musical instruments and matchboxes. Medicine: The bark is widely used in folk medicine for its diuretic properties and as a tonic. The ashes are sometimes used to treat dropsy. In Hong Kong the fresh branchlets are used as a wash to soothe itching of the skin. Adulterations and substitutes: Asiatic acid and asiaticoside have also been reported in extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., which is a pantropical species extending into some subtropical regions. Asiatic acid has also been found in ether extracts from the wood of Terminalia brassii Exell and T. complanata K. Schumann. SERVICES Ornamental: In Vietnam, S. heptaphylla is reported to be cultivated as ornamentals and pot plants. Soil improver: The leaves and young branches are used as green manure. Page 3 of 5
4 TREE MANAGEMENT GERMPLASM MANAGEMENT PESTS AND DISEASES Page 4 of 5
5 FURTHER READNG Frodin, DG Studies in Schefflera (), IV. The identity of Vitis heptaphylla L., a long-misplaced Linnean ivy tree. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 104: Maeda C, Ohtani K, Kasai R, Yamasaki K, Nguyen MD, Nguyen TN & Nguyen KQ Oleanane and ursane glycosides from Schefflera octophylla. Phytochemistry. 37(4): Nguyen Tap & Sosef MSM Schefflera J.R. Forster & J.G. Forster. In de Padua, L.S., et al. (Eds.): Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No. 12(1): Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. pp , 437. Nguyen Van Duong Medicinal plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Mekong Printing, Santa Ana, California, United States. 528pp. Ohashi h In: Huang TC. (Eds): Flora of Taiwan. 2nd Edition. Vol. 3. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. pp Perry LM Medicinal plants of East and South East Asia : attributed properties and uses. MIT Press. South East Asia. Sung TV, Adam G A sulphated triterpenoid saponin from Schefflera octophylla. Phytochemistry. 30(8): Sung TV, Lavaud C, Porzel A, Steglich W, Adam G Triterpenoids and their glycosides from the bark of Schefflera octophylla. Phytochemistry. 31(1): Sung TV, Peter-Katalinic J, Adam G A bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponin from Schefflera octophylla. Phytochemistry 30(11): Sung TV, Steglish, W, Adam, G Triterpene glycosides from Schefflera octophylla. Phytochemistry 30(7): SUGGESTED CITATION Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 ( Page 5 of 5
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LOCAL NAMES English (logwood,campeachy wood,bloodwood tree); French (bois bleu); Spanish (campeche) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Haematoxylum campechianum is a small bushy tree up to 15 m tall, but usually smaller,
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LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (witdoring); Arabic (um siniena,kakamut); Bemba (munganunshi,chunganunshi,chibombo); English (white thorn tree,african catechu tree); Lunda (chombwe); Nyanja (ngowe); Swahili (mkengewa,mgunga);
More informationLam. Capparidaceae. Capparis tomentosa
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (wollerige kapperbos); Amharic (gumero); Arabic (sharube); English (woolly caper-bush); French (caprier d Afrique); Shona (khawa); Somali (gombor lik); Swahili (mbada paka); Tigrigna
More informationLam. Sterculiaceae. Guazuma ulmifolia. guazima firewood
LOCAL NAMES Bengali (nipaltunth); English (bastard cedar,bay cedar,pigeon wood,west Indian elm); French (bois de hêtre,bois d'homme,bois d'orme); Portuguese (fruta-de-macaco,embira,mutamba,orme d'amérique,pojó,bois
More informationL. Rubiaceae. Morinda citrifolia
LOCAL NAMES Burmese (al); English (Indian mulberry,great morinda,cheesefruit); Filipino (bangkuro); French (morinde); Indonesian (bengkudu); Lao (Sino- Tibetan) (nhoo baanz); Malay (mengkudu jantan); Thai
More informationLam. Loganiaceae. Strychnos spinosa
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (groenklapper); Bemba (kaminu,sansa,musayi); English (kaffir orange,spiny monkey orange,spiny monkey ball,natal orange,elephant orange,monkey ball,monkey orange); French (oranger
More information[Dun.] A. Rich. Annonaceae. Xylopia aethiopica
LOCAL NAMES Arabic (hab al-zelim,fulful as-sudan); English (negro pepper,grains of Selim,kani pepper,moor pepper,west African pepper tree,senegal pepper); French (noir de Guinée,poivre de Sénégal,graines
More informationBaehni Sapotaceae. Pouteria campechiana
LOCAL NAMES English (yellow sapote,egg-fruit,canistel); Filipino (toesa,boracho); Spanish (zapote mante,zapote amarillo,mammee sapota,mamey de campechi,fruta de huevo,custiczapotl,cucuma); Thai (to maa,lamut
More informationMill. Cactaceae. Opuntia ficus-indica
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (boer(e) turksvy,doringblaar,grootdoringturksvy,kaalblaar); Arabic (beles); English (Indian pricklypear,indian fig,mission prickly pear,prickly pear,spanish tuna); French (Indischer
More informationSchott et Endl. Sterculiaceae. Cola nitida
LOCAL NAMES English (kola nut,goora nut,cola nut,bitter cola); French (colatier); Fula (goro); German (kolabaum); Hausa (goro); Igbo (oji); Mandinka (kuruo,goro); Spanish (colatero); Wolof (goro); Yoruba
More informationVahl Apocynaceae. Carissa edulis
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (enkeldoring-noemnoem); Amharic (agam); Arabic (emir); English (simple-spined carissa,simple spined num-num,arabian numnum); Luganda (muyonza); Swahili (mtanda-mboo); Tigrigna (agam)
More informationPellegr. et Vuillet Bombacaceae. Bombax costatum
LOCAL NAMES English (red-flowered silk cotton tree); French (kapokier rouge ou faux kapokier,kapokier); Mandinka (bunkungo,bungkungo); Wolof (kattupa,garablaobe) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Bombax costatum is
More informationL. Anacardiaceae. Spondias mombin
LOCAL NAMES Creole (gwo momben,gran monben,monben,monben fran); Dutch (hoeboe); English (mombin plum,yellow mombin,hog plum,yellow spanish plum); French (grand mombin,gros mombin,mombin jaune,prunier mombin,mombin
More informationL. Oxalidaceae. Averrhoa bilimbi
LOCAL NAMES Creole (bimbling plum,blimblin); English (cucumber tree,bilimbi,tree sorrel); Filipino (kamias); French (blimblim,blinblin,cornichon des Indes,zibeline blonde,zibeline,carambolier bilimbi);
More informationG. Forster Piperaceae. Piper methysticum
LOCAL NAMES English (inebriating pepper,kava-kava,ava pepper,intoxicating pepper,kava); French (ava,kawa-kawa,kava); Indonesian (bari,wait,waghi) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Piper methysticum is a dioecious, woody
More informationAfzel. Apocynaceae. Rauvolfia vomitoria. LOCAL NAMES English (swizzle stick); Yoruba (asofeyeje)
LOCAL NAMES English (swizzle stick); Yoruba (asofeyeje) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Rauvolfia vomitoria is a shrub or small tree up to 8 m. Older parts of the plant contain no latex. The branches are whorled and
More information(L.) Savigny Rhizophoraceae. Bruguiera gymnorhiza
LOCAL NAMES English (black mangrove,burma mangrove,harpoon-handle tree); Filipino (pototan,bakauan,siap); Javanese (tanjang); Khmer (tôôch); Malay (tumu,putut,bakau basar); Thai (pasak,pang kâ hûa sum);
More information(Osbeck) Merrill Fabaceae - Mimosoideae. Albizia chinensis. siris
LOCAL NAMES Bengali (tarli,chakua,amlukia); English (silk tree,chinese albizia,sauce tree,the sau tree); Gujarati (kali ); Hindi (seran,kala,samsundra,kanjujerla); Javanese (sengon); Lao (Sino-Tibetan)
More information(Lamk) Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae. Mallotus philippensis. monkey face tree
LOCAL NAMES Burmese (hpawng-awn); Chinese (cukangcai,xiang guishu,feilibingtong,xiangtan,hong guoguo); English (); Filipino (tagusala); French (croton tinctorial,rottlière des teinturiers); Indonesian
More informationOliv. Clusiaceae. Allanblackia floribunda
LOCAL NAMES English (tallow-tree,mkanyi fat,kagne butter); Italian (ouotera,bouandjo); Swahili (mkimbo); Yoruba (usonige,orogbo,egba) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Allanblackia floribunda is an evergreen forest
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More informationGuerke Meliaceae. Melia volkensii. LOCAL NAMES English (melia); Somali (boba,baba)
LOCAL NAMES English (melia); Somali (boba,baba) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Melia volkensii is deciduous, open crowned and laxly branched. Mature trees range between 6 and 20 m tall. Trees with 25 cm diameter
More informationCotoneaster dammeri Schneid. (Rosaceae): A New Record to the Flora of Taiwan
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More informationCommiphora drakebrochmanii
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More informationPers. Capparaceae. Boscia senegalensis
LOCAL NAMES Arabic (shagara al muknet,moheb,makhei,kursan,hemmet,bokkhelli); Bambara (bere); Bislama (hamta); Hausa (hansa,dilo,anza); Wolof (diendoum) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Boscia senegalensis is an evergreen
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LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (wildesuikerappel); Amharic (giishta,yebere lib); Arabic (gishta,gishta gaba); English (wild soursop,wild custard apple); French (pomme cannelle du senegal,annone); Mandinka (sinkuongo,jumbukungo);
More informationUrban Fabaceae - Papilionoideae. Erythrina berteroana
LOCAL NAMES English (coral bean); Spanish (poro de cerca,pito,pinñón de España,pernilla de casa,machetico,gallito,elequeme,brucal,amapola de cerca) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Erythrina berteroana is a tree to
More informationEngl. Burseraceae. Canarium schweinfurthii. white mahogany, African canarium
LOCAL NAMES English (purple canary tree,incense tree,gum resin tree,bush candle tree,african elemi); French (elemier d Afrique,elemi de Moahum,elemi d ouganda); Luganda (muwafu); Swahili (mpafu,mbani);
More informationL. Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae. Bauhinia tomentosa
LOCAL NAMES Afrikaans (bosbeesklou); Cantonese (kanchivala); English (variegated bauhinia,st. Thomas tree,bell bauhinia,orchid tree,hairy bauhinia,mountain ebony,yellow tree bauhinia); Hindi (kural,gurial,padrian,gwiar,kachnar,koliar);
More informationCompleted: October 2012
Barringtonia racemosa (Barringtonia, Brack-Water Mangrove, Cassowary-Pine, China Pine, Common Putat, Cornbeefwood, Derbyshire-Pine, Fish-Poison-Tree, Freshwater Mangrove, Hippo Apple, Mango-Pine, Mangobark,
More informationAlston Myrtaceae. Syzygium jambos
LOCAL NAMES English (plum rose,rose apple,malabar plum); Filipino (yambo); French (jamboisie,jambo,pomme rose,pommier rose,pommier rose jambosier); Indonesian (jambu kraton,jambu air mawar); Khmer (châm'puu);
More informationRisso & Poiteau Rutaceae. Citrus bergamia. LOCAL NAMES English (bergamot orange); French (bergamotier); Indonesian (bergamet)
LOCAL NAMES English (bergamot orange); French (bergamotier); Indonesian (bergamet) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Citrus bergamia is an erect, unarmed, much branched tree up to 12 m tall, with trunk up to 25 cm in
More informationVahl Rubiaceae. Cinchona pubescens
LOCAL NAMES Dutch (kinaboom); English (red cinchona); French (quinquina jaune,quinquina); Indonesian (kina); Malay (kuinin); Portuguese (quinquina); Spanish (quino) BOTANIC DESCRIPTION Cinchona pubescens
More informationL. Labiateae. Ocimum gratissimum
LOCAL NAMES English (wild basil,tree basil,east Indian basil,clove basil); French (menthe gabonaise); Indonesian (ruku-ruku rimba); Malay (ruku-ruku hitam); Thai (horapha-chang); Vietnamese ([es] l[as]
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