Blackberry trials in Denmark
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1 AARHUS UNIVERSITY Blackberry trials in Denmark Martin Jensen, senior scientist Department of Foodscience, Faculty of Science and Technology
2 1,5 m distance in row 6 main shoots/plant Tied up to 2 m height Side branches trimmed to app. 20 cm 8 varieties x 5 blocks x 3 plants/plot Conventional and organic tunnel production Plast cover from late April to Mid October Winter coldest for over 20 years (-24 C) Winter long frost period Terminal shoots left over winter to avoid budbreak in late summer and ensure flower bud formation in the entire shoot length Recording growth, frost damage, flowering time, yield, berry size, problems with insects/fungi etc.
3 Fertilizer organic given three times, April, June, August, 15 g N/plant (Binadan Chicken manure) in dried pills, positioned on top of soil below irrigation drips Conventional: liquid fertigation weekly Cultivar trial N kg /ha P2O5 kg /ha K2O kg /ha Drip irrigation once a day, 2 liter per plant Pollination with bumblebees during start of flowering season (week 22) Biological control treatments Every two weeks apply 1 can of each of Ambly, Cucumeris ( per can) against whiteflies (Thrips) Aphidus (2000 per can) against Aphids Phyto. Predator mites (500 per can) against spider mites. When higher Aphid attack apply double Aphidus treatment Ferromol against snails June, August, September. 13 June and 11 July Spruzit (0.10 % pyretrum) and Duxon(insect soap 2 %) against Aphids
4 Loch Ness
5 Loch Tay
6 Karaka Black
7 Navaho
8 Nachez
9 Chester
10 Helen
11 Loch Marie
12 Reuben primocane type Start flowering on new shoots midle July
13 400 Conventional, harvest pr week, Gram/ plant/week Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Week no.
14 Conventional, Accumulated yield g/ plant Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivars
15 10 Conventional, Mean bery weight, g Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivars
16 3000 Organic Yield/plant/week, g Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree
17 14000 Organic, Accumulated yield/plant, g g in Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivars
18 12 Organic, Berry weight, g in Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivars
19 Berry quality aspects Loch Ness - Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez - Chester Helen - Loch Maree Sooty mold Heat damage? Tip immaturity
20 0, Organic Mean sooty mold index (0-1-2) 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, organic Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka black Flowering main stem diam mm No of flowering side shoots/main stem Navaho Natches Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivar No of single Lenght of flowers or flowering fruits/ side shoots, flower side cm shoot Aphid attack (0-1-2) Sooty mold attack (0-1-2) Caterpillar attack (0-1- 2) Thrips attack Cultivar Loch Ness ,07 0,00 0,79 1,36 Loch Tay ,20 0,00 0,53 1,07 Karaka Black ,73 1,00 0,73 1,13 Navaho ,07 0,00 0,40 1,07 Nachez ,00 0,00 1,07 0,80 Chester ,07 0,00 0,67 1,00 Helen ,40 0,00 0,53 0,87 Loch Maree ,20 0,00 0,33 0,80
21 2012 Organic Total acidity or Brix Total acidity, malic acid mg/g Brix Total anthocyanin content. mg/100g Loch Ness Loch Tay Karaka Black Navaho Nachez Chester Helen Loch Maree Cultivars
22 Private consumers taste preference at Food Festival 5-7 September 2013 Blackberry taste preferences persons Blackberry taste preferences persons % persons by category Best Second Less good Least good % persons by category Best Less good Least good 0 Loch Ness Navaho Nachez Chester Cultivar 0 Loch Ness Navaho Chester Cultivars
23 Conclusions Chester gave the highest yields in organic cultivation followed by Navaho, Loch Tay, Loch Ness about giving the same yield. Nachez gave the largest berries followed by Karaka Black and Loch Ness Helen were most susceptible to frost damage, followed by Loch Ness and Karaka black. Loch Maree are not yet evaluated finally due to late planting but seem to give intermediate yields and harvest time. Conventional cultivation gave serious frost damage, whereas organic cultivation seemed to protect most cultivars in this trial. The harvest season covers from mid July to mid october, with peak harvest in august-september. Loch Tay gives the earliest crop to harvest and Chester and Navaho the latest. Aphid attack was difficult to control efficiently and gave problems with sooty mold on berry surface mostly in Karaka Black but also in other cultivars. Yield between 8 and 12 kg pr plant/year can be expected in the best varieties approx 60 samples sent to JHI for analysis 2012 Approx 60 samples sent to JHI for analysis samples for analysis at AU (and JHI?)
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