101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Arecaceae Taxo: Areca vestiaria Som: Areca herici Furtado Areca lagloisiaa Potztal Areca leptopetala Burret Areca paiculata (Miq.) Scheff. Commo Name: orage crowshaft palm piag merah red piag Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -2 Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Is the species highl domesticated? No evidece] "The wide morphological variatio oticed i the palm which rages from the profusel stilt rooted coditio to havig o aerial root at all, desel clusterig to sigle-stemmed habit, colour of leaf-sheath ragig from red, bright orage, light orage ad brow, ad the variatio i the colour of fruits which chages as the fruit matures, all cotributed to the cofusio of its ame. Further, the bright orage colour of crowshaft, spathe ad mature fruits become less attractive at lower altitudes. Thus, the palm appeared differetl for palmists who saw them i small umbers at ol a sigle locatio." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High]"It ca be established i subtropical to tropical areas with adequate protectio, plet of water ad partial shade." [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "This species is relativel widel distributed i East Malesia, occurrig throughout Sulawesi, orth ad cetral Maluku, except for Ambo, Kei, Aru ad Taimbar" PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Areca vestiaria, a clusterig, shade-lovig orametal palm is ative to North Sulawesi, the orthermost provice of Sulawesi Islad (formerl kow as Celebes)." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Palmpedia. Areca vestiaria. [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes] "Areca vestiaria grows o volcaic soils from lowlads to highlads up to about 2000 m above sea level. Two collectios (Mogea 1303, 1305) have bee made o the summit of Mt. Maleo i Cetral Sulawesi, at a altitude of 2260 m above sea level, from a populatio with the tallest recorded idividuals (to 30 m high), ad these are quite exceptioal for A. vestiaria." [Elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m i tropics] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes. Possesses evirometal versatilit] "Areca vestiaria grows aturall i low moutaious terrai up to a elevatio of 1200 meters i the rai forests of easter Idoesia, Maluku, Sulawesi." [Elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m i tropics] "Although tropical i ature, this palm appears able to withstad periodic low temperatures, but will evetuall succumb to persistet cooless, ofte times ol survivig util Jauar i the So. Califoria witer. It could probabl survive close to ightime freezig, if the das remaied o the warm side, as is ofte the case i parts of Florida." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Areca vestiaria, a clusterig, shade-lovig orametal palm is ative to North Sulawesi, the orthermost provice of Sulawesi Islad (formerl kow as Celebes). This palm also grows i the eighbourig Maluku Provice especiall i the orther islads`" Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia ad its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Chog, K.Y./Ta, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A Checklist of the Total Vascular Plat Flora of Sigapore: Native, Naturalized ad Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversit Research, Natioal Uiversit of Sigapore, Sigapore [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Ucommo i Hawaii] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Australia] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Sigapore] Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Orage Crowshaft Palm, Piag Merah Areca vestiaria Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia ad its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Chog, K.Y./Ta, H.T.W./Corlett, R.T.. A Checklist of the Total Vascular Plat Flora of Sigapore: Native, Naturalized ad Cultivated Species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversit Research, Natioal Uiversit of Sigapore, Sigapore Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage?] "This plat has bee said to grow i the followig regios: Hutigto Beach, Califoria Oceaside, Califoria Cape Coral, Florida Foutaibleau, Florida Melrose Park, Florida Naples, Florida Port Charlotte, Florida Witer Park, Florida Aialoa, Hawaii" [Naturalized beod ative rage? Not i Australia] [Naturalized beod ative rage? Not i Sigapore] "Areca vestiaria Giseke; tree; exotic; cultivated ol" [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] [Cogeeric weed? No] Areca catechu ad A. triadra listed as aturalized, ad/or weed, but o evidece of detrimetal impacts is uspecified or lackig [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No evidece] "Descriptio: Solitar or clusterig, moderate palm, to 10( 15) m tall, with stilt roots. STEM 7 10 cm i diameter; iterodes cm log, greeish ellow with cospicuous leaf scars. LEAVES about 11 i crow, cm log (icludig petiole); sheath tubular, cm; crowshaft cm log ad cm i diameter, orage, reddish to bright red (rarel pale gree) with umerous puctiform brow scales; petiole cm log, 2 4 cm wide ad 1 2 mm thick at the base, chaelled adaxiall, rouded abaxiall, ellowish-gree to orage (rarel pale gree); leaflets somewhat irregularl arraged, paper to leather, leaflets o each side of the rachis, the basal-most leaflets cm, two- to three-fold, laceolate to sigmoid with oblique tips, the middle leaflets cm, three- to four-fold, slightl sigmoid with oblique, otched tips, termial leaflets cm, flabellate, 4 11-fold, otched at tips with splits 5 11 cm deep betwee the folds, gree, slightl discolorous whe dried, with fie sparse rameta o mid vei i abaxial surface." The Plat List. Versio Rile, E. P.. Flexibilit i Diet ad Activit Patters of Macaca tokeaa i Respose to Athropogeic Habitat Alteratio. Iteratioal Joural of Primatolog. 28: Rile, E. P.. Flexibilit i Diet ad Activit Patters of Macaca tokeaa i Respose to Athropogeic Habitat Alteratio. Iteratioal Joural of Primatolog. 28: Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow. Shoots/leaves browsed b macaques] "Table V. Plat food species icluded i the diet of Macaca tokeaa (with local ame of the species, specific group observed cosumig the species, ad plat part cosumed)" [Areca vestiaria; FR = fruits ad SS = shoots ad sprouts cosumed] [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] Macaques feed o fruits, shoots ad oug leaves [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No evidece] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No evidece] Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Palmpedia. Areca vestiaria Wog, M.. Palms for Hawaii Ladscapes. Ladscape. L-19:.College of Tropical Agriculture ad Huma Resources, Hoolulu, HI [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "The fruits are used as a betel ut substitute, toic ad male cotraceptive i North Sulawesi. This species is a popular orametal." [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece. Rai forest habitat] "Areca vestiaria grows aturall i low moutaious terrai up to a elevatio of 1200 meters i the rai forests of easter Idoesia, Maluku, Sulawesi." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Aother palm with exceptioal color (orage) is Areca vestiaria (Fig. 2). This clumpig palm will do best with some shade." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Areca vestiaria, a clusterig, shade-lovig orametal palm is ative to North Sulawesi, the orthermost provice of Sulawesi Islad " Palmpedia. Areca vestiaria Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "The prefer a sheltered, cosistetl moist ad humid locatio, with more shade i less humid eviromets." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)?] "Areca vestiaria grows o volcaic soils from lowlads to highlads up to about 2000 m above sea level." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)?] "Areca vestiaria is ot a swamp-lovig palm. O the cotrar, it lives o well draied volcaic soils." "The species prefers damp soil of ph 6.5 to 6.8," Palmpedia. Areca vestiaria Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Palmpedia. Areca vestiaria Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: The Plat List. Versio The Plat List. Versio Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)?] "A rich well draiig soil would appear to be the best." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "All species i East Malesia are solitar, except for A. vestiaria (although some populatios of A. vestiaria are sigle-stemmed)." [Forms dese thickets? Ukow] "Clumpig idividuals will attai widths up to 15 ft/4.5m ad heights of ft/6-8m. This palm will ofte times exhibit distict aerial or stilt roots emergig from the 3-4i/7-10cm. diameter truks." [Aquatic? No] "Areca vestiaria grows o volcaic soils from lowlads to highlads up to about 2000 m above sea level." [Grass? No] Arecaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Arecaceae ]Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Moderate to large palm with stem to 10( 15) m tall ad 7 15 cm i diameter; solitar or clusterig; crowshaft brilliat orage, reddish to bright red (rarel pale gree); iflorescece alwas brached to two orders; stamiate flowers glabrous, stames ot epipetalous, athers sagittate ad elogate; Sulawesi to Maluku" Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Ramadhail/Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S./Setiadi, D.. Structure ad compositio of uderstor plat assemblages of six lad use tpes i the Lore Lidu Natioal Park, Cetral Sulawesi, Idoesia. Bagladesh Joural of Plat Taxoom. 15(1): Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No evidece] "I the preset stud the diversit ad species compositio of uderstor plats are examied i the submotae forest of Lore Lidu Natioal Park, Cetral Sulawesi, Idoesia b comparig three rai forest tpes ad three tpes of platatios of cacao differig i use itesit." "The species compositio of uderstor plats was differet amog lad use tpes. I the udisturbed forest (tpe A), domiatig tree seedlig species were Acer laurium Hassk. (Aceraceae), Areca vestiaria Giseke (Arecaceae), " "I the lightl disturbed rai forest (tpe B), domiat tree seedlig recorded were Areca vestiaria, Arega piata (Wurmb) Merr " [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] "Coservatio status: Least Cocer (LC). This species is widespread ad also well established i orametal horticulture as highlighted b Elliso & Elliso (2001)." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Produces viable seed? Yes] "This orametal palm ca be propagated either through fruits or suckers." Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] No evidece A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow, but differetial timig of male ad female flower developmet ma prevet self-fertilizatio] "Ulike i the commo Areca catechu where the female flowers, 1-3, are placed at the base of each spike, i 'piag merah' the female flowers are distributed practicall throughout the legth of the spike, itermigled with male flowers Bloomig phase of male flowers commeces from the time the emerge from the spathe, ad the male flowers cotiue to bloom ad shed for about 15 das, ol after which, the female flowers attai receptivit. This alteratio of male ad female bloomig phases favours cross polliatio to take place." Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. [Requires specialist polliators? Floral morpholog suggests o] "FLORAL CLUSTERS spirall arraged o rachillae, complete triads icludig pistillate flowers occurrig to half of the legth of all rachillae. STAMINATE FLOWERS mm at athesis, triagular, asmmetrical, elogate, cream to ellowish-white; calx cupular, low, 2 mm wide ad mm high, with shallow margial lobes; petals three, thick ad fleshl, mm, elogate, ovate; stames six, white to ellowish-cream, mm; filamets shorter tha athers, mm, white ad becomig dark brow after athesis; athers mm log, arrow-head shaped; pistillode low, various shapes. PISTILLATE FLOWERS mm, triagular, asmmetrical; sepals three, mm, triagular, strogl imbricate; petals three, similar to sepals, triagular, strogl imbricate; goecium mm (icludig stigma), clidrical; stamiodes four to six, triagular (wedge shaped), low, membraous." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Possibl No] "Propagatio b divisio of the suckers is usuall usuccessful." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Possibl. Coflictig iformatio] "This orametal palm ca be propagated either through fruits or suckers." PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >4] "Although fairl slow growig, Areca vestiaria is eas to grow ad the 11 ear old specime i Figure 2 has survived temperature as low as 5 C ad has bee seedig for the last five ears." [Reproductive at 6 ears of age] Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No] "FRUITS cm, obovate to ellipsoid, ellowish orage to red whe ripe, costate whe dried; epicarp thi ad smooth; mesocarp flesh ad juic; edocarp thi ad fibrous. SEEDS cm, ovoid, rouded apicall ad flatteed basall." [Ulikel. Fruits/seeds relativel large ad lack meas of exteral attachmet] PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "B whatever ame Areca vestiaria was kow util recetl, this wild palm is oe of the most beautiful orametal piate palms, comparable ol to the sealig-wax palm i beaut." Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No evidece] Ulikel, as fruits ad seeds are relativel large PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "The fruit develops ito a oe seeded berr whose epicarp ad periath are bright red which ehaces the value of this wild palm as a orametal." Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Gerold, G./Fremere, M./Guhardja, E. (eds.). Lad Use, Nature Coservatio ad the Stabilit of Raiforest Margis i Southeast Asia. Spriger-Verlag, Berli Heidelberg Rile, E. P.. Flexibilit i Diet ad Activit Patters of Macaca tokeaa i Respose to Athropogeic Habitat Alteratio. Iteratioal Joural of Primatolog. 28: [Propagules water dispersed? No evidece] "Areca vestiaria grows o volcaic soils from lowlads to highlads up to about 2000 m above sea level." [Fleshfruited, ad ot associated with riparia areas] [Propagules bird dispersed? Potetiall Yes] "FRUITS cm, obovate to ellipsoid, " [Flesh-fruited. Ma be dispersed b game birds or larger frugivorous species] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No evidece] "FRUITS cm, obovate to ellipsoid, ellowish orage to red whe ripe, costate whe dried; epicarp thi ad smooth; mesocarp flesh ad juic; edocarp thi ad fibrous. SEEDS cm, ovoid, rouded apicall ad flatteed basall." [Flesh-fruited ad lackig meas of exteral attachmet. Rodets or other frugivorous mammals ma carr fruit ad/or seeds exterall for cachig or cosumptio] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Table 2. List of plat species ad plat parts cosumed b Macaca tokeaa at Lore Lidu Natioal Park, Cetral Sulawesi" [Areca vestiaria fruits cosumed b Tokea macaques] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Table V. Plat food species icluded i the diet of Macaca tokeaa (with local ame of the species, specific group observed cosumig the species, ad plat part cosumed)" [Areca vestiaria; FR = fruits ad SS = shoots ad sprouts cosumed] PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes. Flesh-fruited] "Although 'piag merah' (red piag) is a more commo ame, it is also kow as 'piag aki' (moke piag). Perhaps mokes, especiall the Sulawesi crested macaque, ejos the ripe fruits of piag merah because of its sweet mesocarp ad this could have eared its popular ame." [Feral pigs might cosume falle fruits ad disperse seeds] Heatubu, C.D./Drasfield, J./Fl, A moograph of the betel ut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botaical Joural of the Liea Societ. 168: Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ukow, but ulikel] "FRUITS cm, obovate to ellipsoid, ellowish orage to red whe ripe, costate whe dried; epicarp thi ad smooth; mesocarp flesh ad juic; edocarp thi ad fibrous. SEEDS cm, ovoid, rouded apicall ad flatteed basall." [Fruits ad seeds relativel large] [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Related species recalcitrat] Areca catechu - Storage Behaviour: Recalcitrat PACSOA. Palms: Areca vestiaria. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Presumabl No] "The viabilit of fruit is short." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 12/19/2012 Areca vestiaria (Arecaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Thrives i tropical climates Broad elevatio rage (> 1000 m) Shade-tolerat Flesh-fruit cosumed ad seeds dispersed b frugivorous mammals ad birds Itetioall plated b people Low Risk / Desirable Traits No evidece of aturalizatio or ivasiveess Uarmed No-toxic Fruit with medicial properties Ladscapig ad orametal value Relativel large fruit & seeds are ulikel to be iadvertetl dispersed