101 Is the species highly domesticated?

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1 Famil: Arecaceae Taxo: Ceroxlo alpium Som: Ceroxlo adicola Humb. & Bopl. Ceroxlo ferrugieum Adré Commo Name: Wax palm palmier à cire palma cera Adea Wax Palm Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -4 Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Duke, J.A./DuCellier, J.L.. CRC Hadbook of Alterative Cash Crops. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Caloje, M.. Palms: Ceroxlo alpium. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), m.html Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Adea Wax Palm - Ceroxlo alpium Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2- High] "Rage ad habitat. Patchil distributed o the orthwester slopes of the Cordillera de la Costa i Veezuela (Distrito Federal) ad Cordillera de Merida (Tachira), wester ad easter slopes of the Cordillera Occidetal ad Cetral i Colombia (Atioquia, Caldas, Quidio, Valle), ad wester slopes of the Cetral Cordillera i Ecuador (Pichicha); motae rai forest, at (-2000) m elevatio." [High elevatio tropics] [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Ragig from Motae Wet through Subtropical Wet Forest Life Zoes, wax palm is reported to tolerate aual precipitatio of ca 10 to 15 dm, aual temperature of 9 to 19⁰ C, ad ph of ca 4.5. Grows at high altitudes, up to 3,300 m i Colombia, its lowest limit beig 2,300 m, with a mea temperature of 16⁰ C. It grows betwee 2,600 ad 3,000 m with a mea temperature of 13 to 14⁰ C. Thrives i cool equable moist climate." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "I cultivatio, it prefers ample water i warm-temperate to subtropical climates." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "All species are difficult to grow outside their ative habitats ad are impossible i hot, humid climes i which the ighttime temperatures do ot drop much; the are most at home i cool, moist climates ad, wile the oes from high elevatios are frost tolerat, the do ot tolerate heat." [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Cool, sheltered ad moist. Prefers a mild temperate climate, ad does't like hot weather." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Rage ad habitat. Patchil distributed o the orthwester slopes of the Cordillera de la Costa i Veezuela (Distrito Federal) ad Cordillera de Merida (Tachira), wester ad easter slopes of the Cordillera Occidetal ad Cetral i Colombia (Atioquia, Caldas, Quidio, Valle), ad wester slopes of the Cetral Cordillera i Ecuador (Pichicha); motae rai forest, at (-2000) m elevatio." [High elevatio tropics] [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes. Higher elevatios] "Distributio ad habitat: Premotae wet forest from 1400 to 2000 m, i the Ades of Veezuela (Distrito Federal, o the orthwester slopes of the Cordillera de La Costa, Aragua, ad Táchira) ad Colombia (wester slope of the Easter Cordillera, ad easter ad wester slopes of the Cetral ad Wester Cordilleras)" [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Slow palm i souther Califoria uless i a climate that does't get too hot (does't like it over 85F)... but evetuall grows to ', at least i ative Ades of Veezuela, Ecuador ad Colombia. Nice silver color of udersides of leaves. Has a arrow humidit ad temperature rage... ca't tolerate humid, hot climates, such as south Florida. Does't like it ilad i souther Califoria, either. Does well at higher, wetter elevatios of Hawaii." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece i Hawaii T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece i Australia Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. [Cogeeric weed? No] No evidece Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database] Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Duke, J.A./DuCellier, J.L.. CRC Hadbook of Alterative Cash Crops. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Duke, J.A./DuCellier, J.L.. CRC Hadbook of Alterative Cash Crops. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Duke, J.A./DuCellier, J.L.. CRC Hadbook of Alterative Cash Crops. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Stems 8-20(-30) m tall ad about 20 cm diameter, gra-browish to whitish, covered with a thi laer of wax. Leaves 14-25, horizotall spreadig, formig a almost circular crow; leaflets per side, regularl arraged ad horizotall spreadig i the same plae, the apical oes sometimes joied, the lower surface with a thick ellowish to whitish tometum." [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Probabl palatable, but o iformatio o use of leaves ad fodder] "Ceroxlo palms have bee mail used for either ceremoial (religious) purposes, or for house ad fece costructio. Both activities are destructive ad usustaiable. Other mior uses are fruit cosumptio b livestock (especiall pigs), ad usage of the cooked basal part of the peducle of immature ifloresceces for huma cosumptio (Borchseius et al. 1998);" [Toxic to aimals? No] "Pulp of fruit slightl bitter, but relished b hogs." [No evidece of toxicit] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] "Biotic factors: Trees are attacked b the fugus Phllosticta daemooropis." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "The oug leaves are cut for use o Palm Suda; the truks are used for feces or house walls; ad fruits are used to feed pigs." [No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] "Ragig from Motae Wet through Subtropical Wet Forest Life Zoes, wax palm is reported to tolerate aual precipitatio of ca 10 to 15 dm, aual temperature of 9 to 19⁰ C, ad ph of ca 4.5. Grows at high altitudes, up to 3,300 m i Colombia, its lowest limit beig 2,300 m, with a mea temperature of 16⁰ C. It grows betwee 2,600 ad 3,000 m with a mea temperature of 13 to 14⁰ C. Thrives i cool equable moist climate." [No evidece. Habitat suggests fire is ot part of this palm's ecolog] Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Caloje, M.. Palms: Ceroxlo alpium. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), m.html [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] "These Ceroxlos were at about 2000 meters at the upper limit of their rage ( meters), right below Ceroxlo quidiuese i cloudforest area. The climate is cool ad moist ear roud, with ot much variatio." Cetral Florida Palm & Ccad Societ. Ceroxlo alpium. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Half Shade / Half Su" s.html?pid= Plats for a Future Database. Ceroxlo alpium. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "It ca grow i semi-shade (light woodlad) or o shade." eroxlo+alpium Plats for a Future Database. Ceroxlo alpium. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "Succeeds i most fertile moist but well draied soils i a sheltered su positio[231]. Requires a humus-rich soil with bright filtered light ad cool high humidit[200]. " eroxlo+alpium Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database] USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) [Olie Database] Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Oldfield, S./Lust, C./MacKive, A.. The World List of Threateed Trees. World Coservatio Press, Cambridge, UK [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Ceroxlo is a geus of 11 tall, solitar-truked, piate-leaved, dioecious palms i rai forest of the Ades Moutais." [Forms dese thickets? No] No evidece [Forms dese thickets? No] No evidece [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial [Grass? No] Arecaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Arecaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Stem 8 21 m tall, cm i diam., iterodes covered with thi laers of wax, white at the base, gre to brow towards the apex." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? Yes] "The habitat of this species has bee extesivel deforested ad trasformed ito agricultural lad, mail coffee platatios. Because of this the survival of the species is severel threateed." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? Yes] "A species of motae raiforest. I Colombia, the species is particularl uder threat from habitat coversio to agriculture, but trees survive i deforested areas or coffee platatios. Regeeratio is poor. " Plats for a Future Database. Ceroxlo alpium. [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Seed - best sow as soo as it is ripe i a warm greehouse at ot less tha 24 c[188]. Stored seed is ver slow to germiate. Pre soakig the seed for 24 hours i warm water prior to sowig ma shorte the eroxlo+alpium germiatio time. Plats form a log tap-root some time before formig a shoot so the seed is best sow i groups of two or three i each deep pot, thiig if ecessar to the best seedlig. Germiatio of fresh seed usuall takes place i 3-4 moths at 25 c[138]. Grow o the plats i the greehouse for at least their first two witers ad plat out i the summer. Give the plats some protectio from the cold for at least their first few witers outdoors." Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae). [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] No iformatio o hbridizatio Sveig, J.-C./Balse, H.. The Palm Flora of the Maquipucua Motae Forest Reserve Ecuador. Priicipes. 42(4): [Self-compatible or apomictic? No] "Ceroxlo alpium are solitar trees (Fig. 5) with male ad female flowers o differet idividuals." Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Plats for a Future Database. Ceroxlo alpium. [Self-compatible or apomictic? No] "The flowers are dioecious (idividual flowers are either male or female, but ol oe sex is to be foud o a oe plat so both male ad female plats must be grow if seed is required)the plat is ot eroxlo+alpium self-fertile." Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Caloje, M.. Palms: Ceroxlo alpium. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), m.html Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Riffle, R.L./Craft, P.. A Ecclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Muñoz, M.C./Lodoño, G.A./Rios, M.M./Katta, G.H.. Diet of the Cauca Gua: Exploitatio of a Novel Food Source i Times of Scarcit. The Codor. 109(4): [Requires specialist polliators? Possibl Yes. Beetle polliated] "Floral biolog: A detailed stud of the floral biolog of Ceroxlo species has ot bee completed to date. Kudse et al. (2001) foud that the pistillate ad stamiate flowers of C. echiulatum (as C. alpium subsp. ecuadorese) emitted high levels of usaturated aliphatic hdrocarbos, with 80% similarit to those emitted b Mauritia flexuosa, ad Wettiia maesis, suggestig adaptatios to polliators with comparable sesor prefereces. The domiace of these closel related volatile compouds i floral scet, regardless of the sex of the plat, is usuall associated with beetle polliatio (Kudse et al. 2001). Kirejtshuk & Couturier (2009) preseted a overview of species of the geus Mstrops Murra, 1864 (Nitidulidae beetles) collected o male iflorescece of C. quidiuese i Peru, icludig the descriptio of several ew species of Mstrops." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No] "Stems are solitar, sleder or stout " [Sigle truks. No evidece of suckerig or cloal vegetative spread] [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >3] "All species are extremel slow growig, ofte takig ma ears to develop a truk." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 83+] "O average the developed a aerial stem at the approximate age of 57 ears ad started flowerig whe the were approximatel 83 ears old." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Probabl >4] "Ver slow growig." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? No] "Fruits globose, orage-red whe ripe, cm diam., exocarp with raised leticels appearig as scattered warts; periath with triagular acumiate sepals, mm log, coate basall for mm, lobes reachig edge of corolla tube, petals elliptical subulate, 4 9 mm log, wideed at base, acume 1 3 mm log, coate basall for mm. Seeds ca. 1 cm diam." [Ulikel. Fruits & seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] Orametal ad ladscapig [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "O average the developed a aerial stem at the approximate age of 57 ears ad started flowerig whe the were approximatel 83 ears old." [Ulikel. Grow as a orametal or ladscapig tree. Not grow with produce, ad will ot fruit for a log time] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruits globose, cm diameter, orage-red, cospicuousl pebbled." [Propagules water dispersed? No] "Fruits globose, orage-red whe ripe, cm diam., exocarp with raised leticels appearig as scattered warts; periath with triagular acumiate sepals, mm log, coate basall for mm, lobes reachig edge of corolla tube, petals elliptical subulate, 4 9 mm log, wideed at base, acume 1 3 mm log, coate basall for mm. Seeds ca. 1 cm diam." [Although possible that fruit ma float, the are primaril adapted for bird dispersal] [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Fruits globose, cm diameter, orage-red, cospicuousl pebbled." [Flesh-fruited] [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "We describe the diet of a large sized frugivore, the Cauca Gua {Peelope perspicax, Cracidae), over a oe-ear ccle." "Table 2. Nutriet cotet of 14 species of fruit ad oe species of leaf cosumed b Cauca Guas at a cloud forest site i the Cetral Ades of Colombia." [Icludes fruit of Ceroxlo alpium i diet] Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Hederso, A./Galeao, G./Beral, R.. Priceto Uiversit Press, Priceto, NJ Muñoz, M.C./Lodoño, G.A./Rios, M.M./Katta, G.H.. Diet of the Cauca Gua: Exploitatio of a Novel Food Source i Times of Scarcit. The Codor. 109(4): Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae) Duke, J.A./DuCellier, J.L.. CRC Hadbook of Alterative Cash Crops. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Mejía-Lodoño (1999) reported the followig bird species as fruit dispersors of C. alpium: sickle-wiged gua (Chamaepetes goudotii), golde-headed quetzal (Pharomachrus auriceps), blue-crowed motmot (Momotus momota), toucaetes (Aulachorhchus haematopgus, A. prasius) as well as a sigle species of bat: Artibeus jamaicecis. The followig were reported b the same author as potetial dispersors: taw-breasted tiamou (Nothocercus julius), chestut wood quail (Odothophorus hperthrus), masked trogo (Trogo persoatus), red-ruffed fruitcrow (Proderus scutatus), gree ja (Caocorax cas), thrushes (Turdus igobilis ad T. fuscater). I Veezuela, the fruits are cosumed b the groove-billed toucaet (Aulacorhchus sulcatus; Brow 1976)." [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Fruits globose, orage red whe ripe, cm diam., exocarp with raised leticels appearig as scattered warts; periath with triagular acumiate sepals, mm log, coate basall for mm, lobes reachig edge of corolla tube, petals elliptical-subulate, 4 9 mm log, wideed at base, acume 1 3 mm log, coate basall for mm. Seeds ca. 1 cm diam." [Fruits & seeds lack a meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Yes] "Fruits globose, cm diameter, orage-red, cospicuousl pebbled." [Flesh-fruited] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "We describe the diet of a large sized frugivore, the Cauca Gua {Peelope perspicax, Cracidae), over a oe ear ccle." "Table 2. Nutriet cotet of 14 species of fruit ad oe species of leaf cosumed b Cauca Guas at a cloud forest site i the Cetral Ades of Colombia." [Icludes fruit of Ceroxlo alpium i diet] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ukow] "Fruits globose, orage-red whe ripe, cm diam., exocarp with raised leticels appearig as scattered warts; periath with triagular acumiate sepals, mm log, coate basall for mm, lobes reachig edge of corolla tube, petals ellipticalsubulate, 4 9 mm log, wideed at base, acume 1 3 mm log, coate basall for mm. Seeds ca. 1 cm diam." [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "seeds lose their viabilit quickl, but will germiate well uder warm moist coditios." [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Possibl No] "mature fruit is orage to red ad fresh seed germiates i 3 to 5 moths." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Sai, M.J./Galeao, G.. A revisio of the Adea wax palms, Ceroxlo (Arecaceae). [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Probabl No] "Coservatio status: The vast majorit of the motae forest withi the rage of this species has bee destroed or fragmeted b coffee platatios or pastures. Accordig to the IUCN criteria (Versio 3.1) this species is Edagered (EN) i Veezuela (Llamosas et al. 2003), as well as i Colombia. I the latter coutr it is estimated that atural populatios have bee reduced more tha 80% i the last 210 ears (Galeao & Beral 2005). Moreover, i oe of the best coserved populatios geetic erosio has bee detected i seedligs (Gaitá- Solís 2003)." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 5/9/2012 Ceroxlo alpium (Arecaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits High elevatio tropical palm Tolerates ma soil coditios (ad potetiall able to exploit ma differet habitat tpes) Bird-dispersed seeds Low Risk / Desirable Traits No records of aturalizatio or ivasiveess worldwide Uarmed palm (o spies) Ladscapig ad orametal value Ver log time to reproductive maturit (83 ears or more)

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