New Cultivars and Research in Canola Production

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1 New Cultivars and Research in Canola Production Jack Brown University of Idaho Garfield County Farmer Day Pataha Flour Mill, Pomeroy, WA February, 3 rd, 2014

2 History Rapeseed cultivated on the Indian subcontinent over 4,000 years. Rapeseed recorded as an oil crop in Europe since middle ages.

3 History Steam power started the Industrial Revolution. Steam engines need lubrication and the best lubricant under pressure, heat and with water was rapeseed oil.

4 History During WW II Canada increased rapeseed production over oat to support war effort.

5 History Concerns of erucic acid in diet results in canola development Oro released Tower released.

6 Triangle of U S. alba DD n=12 B. nigra BB n=8 S. arvensis SS n=9 B. juncea AABB n=18 B. carenata BBCC 2n=17 B. rapa AA n=10 B. napus AACC n=19 B. oleracea CC n=9

7 Canola/Rapeseed Winter and spring-types. Differ only in oil quality. Canola High Oleic acid. Rapeseed High Erucic acid.

8 Oil Composition Saturated No C=C bonds Mono unsaturated one C=C bond Poly unsaturated 2 or more C=C bonds

9

10

11 Low saturated fats are healthier Low polyunsaturated fats do not require hydrogenation and hence have no Trans-fats

12 Slip agents

13 Lubricants Surfactants Engine Oils Paints and printing inks

14 This product contains Caprinin. Caprinin may cause abdominal cramping and loose stools and anal leakage. Caprinin inhibits the absoption of some vitamins.

15 High protein, high fiber live stock feed

16 Brassicacea Crop Options Winter canola/rapeseed Spring canola/rapeseed Yellow mustard Oriental mustard

17

18 Why Grow Canola?

19 Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) Brassica Seed Yields ,000 lb/acre 3,500 lb/acre 2,200 lb/acre Winter Canola Irrigated Winter Canola Dry land Spring Canola

20 Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) Brassica Seed Yields $ $ Wheat: $6.86/bu. Canola: $19.33/cwt. $ Winter Canola Winter Canola Spring Canola Irrigated Dry land

21 Pacific Northwest Agriculture We must reduce soil erosion and improve water and air quality. Pesticide applications cause environmental concerns.

22 66 Wheat Seed Yield (Year 2) 64 Bu acre % +7% Wheat Pea Spring Previous Crop Canola

23 CBOT Canola Prices January 2014 $0.21 lb.

24 CBOT Wheat Prices January 2014 $7.10 Bu

25 Crop value ($) Two Year Gross Return $ $ $ bu acre -1 $ bu acre -1 $ bu acre -1 $ Wheat: $6.86/bu. Pea: $23.00/cwt. Canola: $19.33/cwt. 51 bu acre -1 $ ,007 lb acre -1 $ Previous Crop 1,675 lb acre -1 $ Wheat Pea Spring Canola

26 Ron Henning's Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 winter canola fallow winter wheat winter wheat fallow winter wheat Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU

27 Date: Year 1 Year 2 Gross Gross 2 Year Yield Return Yield Return Return Treatment (--/ac) ($/ac) (bu/ac) ($/ac) ($/ac) Wheat 43.4 bu $ $236 $533 Canola 1,724 lb. $ $325 $658 Wheat: $6.86/bu. Canola: $19.33/cwt. Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU

28 Wheat: $6.86/bu Canola: $19.33/cwt Aaron Esser: County Director, Adams County, WSU

29 Pacific Coast Canola PNW first canola crush facility in Warden, Washington. The plant has capacity to crush over 1,100 Mt seed/day (~350,000Mt/year) of canola seed annually, to produce 137,000 Mt of canola oil and 220,000 Mt seed meal each year. Started Crush Production January 2013.

30 PNW Livestock

31 - 2013

32 Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops Rotational benefits -Break disease cycles -High plant biomass -Large tap root -Allelopathic compounds Good fit in PNW -No specialized equipment required -Low moisture requirements -Adaptable to diverse agronomic zones -High market demand for products

33

34 Low saturated fats are healthier Low polyunsaturated fats do not require hydrogenation and hence have no Trans-fats

35

36 High protein, high fiber live stock feed

37 What to Avoid

38 Crop establishment is critical

39 Flea Beetle Diamond Back Moth Cabbage Seedpod Weevil Aphids

40 Rhizoctonia

41 Sclerotinia stem rot

42 Sclerotinia stem rot Soil borne stem fungus. Requires prolonged moist soil conditions to germinate, usually after canopy closure. Most damage in wet springs or irrigated. Wide range of hosts, bean, pea, lentil, alfalfa, potato and mustard. Use disease-free seed. Helix fungicide.

43 Blackleg

44

45 Blackleg Idaho and Washington identified as blackleg free states. Blackleg was confirmed near Bonners Ferry in Transmitted by planting infected seeds. Can persist in soils for many years after initial infection. Plant only certified seed from blackleg free regions.

46

47 Before You Grow Know Your Field History Many common herbicides have plant back restrictions, including: Ally, Amber, Assert, Beyond, Diuron, Everest, Finesse, Maverick, Olympus, Peak, Pursuit

48 Drift

49 SU Spray Drift

50 University of Idaho, Canola, Rapeseed and Mustard Breeding Group.

51 Pacific Northwest Cultivar Variety Trials Spring and winter cultivar evaluation trials in four PNW States. Identify regions specifically suited to spring or winter canola. Provide growers information of best cultivars.

52 Seed Yield (lb acre -1 ) 5,200 4,700 Winter Canola Yield 1993 to 2013 Environment = lb. acre -1 Genetics = 554 lb. acre -1 Top yield = 47.5 x year + 3,147 4,200 3,700 3,200 2,700 2,200 1,700 1,200 Bridger yield = 21.1 x year + 2,393 Year

53 Seed Yield (lb. acre -1 ) 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 Spring Canola Yield 1992 to 2013 Environment = lb. acre -1 Genetics = 420 lb. acre -1 Top yield = 26.7 x year + 1,739 Westar yield = 7.6 x year + 1,481 Year

54 Breeding Objectives Increase yield. Insect resistance. Increased oil content. Modified oil quality. Altered seed meal quality.

55 Winter Canola Cultivars Cultivar Mean kg ha Ericka 3,058 2,788 3,417 3,280 2,748 Athena 3,671 3,439 3,930 4,421 2,893 Baldur 3,737 3,449 4,495 3,774 3,230 Amanda 3,766 3,515 3,928 4,036 3,583

56 Amanda Winter canola

57 Select Spring Canola Cultivars (kg ha -1 ) Cultivar Company Hyola ,991 InVigor 5440 LL Bayer CropSci 2,582 2,313 V12-1-RR Cargill 2,244 - DKL RR Monsanto 2,569 2,184 HyCLASS 955 RR Croplan 2,499 2,005 Idaho Zephyr U of Idaho 2,095 2,248

58

59 IMI Tolerant Winter Canola 6,000 5,000 Amanda = 3,515 lb/acre 05.WC = 3,267 lb/acre 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Odessa Reardon Moscow Grangeville Pendleton Hermiston

60 Standard Canola. Low Linolenic acid (LLIN s) canola with less than 2% linolenic acid content. High Oleic, Low Linolenic acid (HOLL s) canola with greater than 80% oleic acid, less than 6% linoleic acid and less than 2% linolenic acid.

61

62 Crop establishment

63

64

65

66 All sites Seed Yield Planting Date June July August Mean Cultivar kg ha Amanda 3,009 2,720 1,969 2,574 a Athena 2,786 2,847 2,521 2,719 a Baldur 2,819 2,734 2,102 2,552 a Salute 1,585 1,432 1,341 1,453 b Mean 2,550 a 2,433 a 1,983 b

67 Moisture recording month Soil Moisture (12 & 24) Planting Date June July August Average % soil moisture July a October b Average c b a

68 Aphid Damage

69 Flea Beetle

70 Insecticide Efficacy Cultivar None Insecticide Treatment Helix Capture only only Helix & Capture to Damage 1.21 c 5.31 b 5.69 b 7.68 a kg ha Yield 3,425 3,424 3,451 3,348

71

72

73 Duel Purpose Winter Canola

74

75 CP CP NDF ADF CP NDF ADF NDF ADF 60 Quality Analysis Triticale Alfalfa Canola Silage Type

76 350 Relative Feed Value Triticale Alfalfa Canola Silage Type

77 Forage Harvest Traditional Forage Canola Forage Time

78 DM Yield (Mt ha-1) Forage Yield 1,045 AGDD = 5.77 Mt ha -1 Athena Baldur y = -1E-05x x R² = Growing Degree Days

79 Seed Yield 6,000 $ $1, Forage = $175/ton Seed = $0.19/lb 4,000 2,000 $ $ May June July August

80

81 Yield Crop Yield DM tons/acre % Canola Canola-Wheat Canola-Pea

82 Seed Yield 10,000 Forage = $175/ton Seed = $0.19/lb $840 8,000 $630 $612 6,000 4,000 $663 $690 $674 2,000 0 Canola only Can-Pea Can-Wheat $1,293 $1,302 $1,514

83 Silage

84 Strip Feeding

85 Questions

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