Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia affinis C.F. Austin ex A. Gray
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1 Common Name: SMALL WHORLED POGONIA Scientific Name: Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Rafinesque Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia affinis C.F. Austin ex A. Gray Family: Orchidaceae (orchid) Rarity Ranks: G2/S2 State Legal Status: Threatened
2 Federal Legal Status: Threatened Federal Wetland Status: FACU Description: Perennial herb with a waxy, pale green stem 1½ - 10 inches (4-25 cm) tall, topped by a whorl of 4-6 leaves. Leaves ⅝ - 3⅜ inches ( cm) long and ¼ - 1½ inches (0.8-4 cm) wide, pointed, waxy. Flowers 1-2, on very short stalks rising from the center of the leaf whorl. Flowers with 3 green sepals (1 erect, 2 spreading) ½ -1 inch ( cm) long; 2 round-tipped, yellow-green petals that curve forward over the center of the flower, and a downpointing, 3-lobed lip petal with dark green veins and a yellow-green crest. Fruit an erect capsule up to 1 inch (2.8 cm) long, on a stalk elongated to about ½ inch ( cm) long. Similar Species: Large whorled pogonia (Isotria verticillata) has dark green leaves with purple veins, a greenish-purple stem, flower stalks up to 2 inches (5 cm) long, purplish-brown sepals, and a purple-streaked lip. Indian cucumber-root (Medeola virginiana) has 6 or more whorled leaves, and a wiry stem covered with cobwebby hairs; its lily-like flower is tiny, nodding, and pale yellow. Both sometimes occur with small whorled pogonia. Related Rare Species: More than 30 species of orchids are rare in Georgia. On this web site, see: many-flowered grass-pink (Calopogon multiflorus), pink lady s-slipper (Cypripedium acaule), Kentucky lady s-slipper (Cypripedium kentuckiense), yellow lady s-slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum), green-fly Orchid (Epidendrum conopseum), Michaux's spider orchid (Habenaria quinqueseta), Appalachian twayblade (Listera smallii), Florida adder's-mouth orchid (Malaxis spicata), southern white fringed-orchid (Platanthera blephariglottis), Chapman's fringed-orchid (Platanthera chapmanii), large purple fringed-orchid (Platanthera grandiflora), monkeyface orchid (Platanthera integrilabia), purple fringeless orchid (Platanthera peramoena), crestless plume orchid (Pteroglossaspis ecristata), downy slender ladies-tresses (Spiranthes brevilabris), Florida ladies-tresses (Spiranthes floridana), Great Plains ladies-tresses (Spiranthes magnicamporum), three birds orchid (Triphora trianthophora). Habitat: Acidic soils of mixed hardwood-pine forests on lower slopes and stream terraces, often with chestnut oak, red maple, hemlock, white pine or Virginia pine, lowbush blueberry, Indian cucumber root, and New York fern. Life History: In the southeastern U.S., small whorled pogonia emerges from winter dormancy in April, flowering later that month and throughout May. Non-flowering plants emerge somewhat later. Larger plants flower more frequently than smaller plants. Small whorled pogonia is self-pollinated and lacks the flower characteristics, such as fragrance, pollination guides, and nectar, that attract insects. A given plant may stay in flower 4-14 days. Shortly after pollination, the fruit begins to develop, reaching maturing in late summer and splitting open in the fall. Seeds are dust-like and are primarily dispersed by wind and gravity. Seed production is considered low to moderate compared to other orchids. Small whorled pogonia seeds, like those of other orchids, must develop a mycorrhizal relationship with a fungus in order to germinate and develop into a mature plant. Small whorled pogonia plants are known to lie dormant for as many as four years but viability is reduced in these plants once they emerge from dormancy. It is not known to reproduce vegetatively.
3 Survey Recommendations: Surveys are best conducted during flowering (May) and fruiting (June August). Plants often wither soon after flowering. Range: Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and 18 other states north to Maine and Ontario and northwest to Missouri. Threats: Conversion of habitat to pine plantations and developments, logging or other mechanical clearing, overbrowsing by deer, invasion by exotic pest plants. Georgia Conservation Status: About 20 populations are known, most in the Chattahoochee National Forest. Most are small and declining. Conservation and Management Recommendations: Avoid logging, trampling, and mechanical clearing. Control deer populations and exotic pest plants such as Japanese honeysuckle. Selected References: Brown, P.M. and S.N. Folsom Wild orchids of the southeastern United States, north of peninsular Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Center for Plant Conservation National Collection Plant Profile. Chafin, L.G Field guide to the rare plants of Georgia. State Botanical Garden of Georgia and University of Georgia Press, Athens. FNA Flora of North America, Vol. 26, Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York. Horn, D., T. Cathcart, T.E. Hemmerly, and D. Duhl Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the southern Appalachians. Lone Pine Publishing, Auburn, Washington. Luer, C.A The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Massey, J.R., D.K.S. Otte, T.A. Atkinson, and R.D. Whetstone Atlas and illustrated guide to the threatened and endangered vascular plants of the mountains of North Carolina and Virginia, Technical Report SE-20. Department of Agriculture, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina. NatureServe NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Patrick, T.S., J.R. Allison, and G.A. Krakow Protected plants of Georgia. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage Program, Social Circle.
4 USFWS. 1992b. Small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Newton Corner, Massachusetts. USFWS. 1996c. Small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) species accounts. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D.C. Weakley, A.S Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill. Author of species account: Linda G. Chafin Date Compiled or Updated: L. Chafin, Apr. 2007: original account K. Owers, Feb. 2010: added pictures
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Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House, Listera reniformis Small
Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name: Listera smallii Wiegand Other Commonly Used Names: kidney-leaf twayblade, Small s twayblade Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand)
Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium daultonii Soukop (nomen nudum), C. furcatum Rafinesque.
Common Name: SOUTHERN LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Other Commonly Used Names: Kentucky lady s-slipper, ivory-lipped lady s-slipper Previously Used Scientific Names:
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE. Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley. Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue Previously Used Scientific Names: Thalictrum arkansanum Boivin, Thalictrum texanum
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS. Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri. Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent Previously Used Scientific Names: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA. Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Rosaceae (rose) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM. Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Trilliaceae (Trillium) or Melanthiaceae (bunchflower)
Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads
Common Name: FREMONT S LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis fremontii S. Watson Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN. Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Cacalia diversifolia
Other Commonly Used Names: spreading false foxglove, spreading yellow false foxglove
SPREADING YELLOW FOXGLOVE Scientific Name: Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell Other Commonly Used Names: spreading false foxglove, spreading yellow false foxglove Previously Used Scientific Names: Dasystoma
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS. Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (mustard) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER. Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Common Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH
Common Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH Scientific Name: Sorbus americana Marshall Other Commonly Used Names: American rowan Previously Used Scientific Names: Pyrus microcarpa (Pursh) Sprengel, Pyrus americana
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET. Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff. Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Asteraceae/Compositae (aster)
Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod
Common Name: TRAILING MILKVINE Scientific Name: Matelea pubiflora (Decaisne) Woodson Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod Previously Used Scientific Names: Edisonia pubiflora
Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium
Common Name: CHATTAHOOCHEE TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium decipiens J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium Previously Used Scientific Names:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson
Common Name: WHORLED SUNFLOWER Scientific Name: Helianthus verticillatus Small Other Commonly Used Names: Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson Family: Asteraceae/Compositae
Previously Used Scientific Names: Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina (Small) Fernald
Common Name: CAROLINA BOG LAUREL Scientific Name: Kalmia carolina Small Other Commonly Used Names: Carolina bog myrtle, Carolina wicky, Carolina lamb-kill, Carolina sheep-laurel Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: BUTTERNUT
Common Name: BUTTERNUT Scientific Name: Juglans cinerea Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: white walnut, oilnut Previously Used Scientific Names: Wallia cinerea (Linnaeus) Alefeld Family: Juglandaceae
Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium ashei (Weatherby) Small, Satureja ashei Weatherby
Common Name: ASHE S SAVORY Scientific Name: Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners Other Commonly Used Names: Ohoopee wild basil, Ashe s calamint, Ashe s wild savory Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium
Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE. Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Cyperaceae (sedge) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1? State Legal
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON. Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) Rarity Ranks: G2G3/S2S3 State
Common Name: PONDSPICE
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Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY. Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty
Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Melastomataceae (meadowbeauty) Rarity
Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega
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Common Name: GEORGIA ALDER. Scientific Name: Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhlenberg ex Nuttall ssp. georgiensis Schrader & Graves
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Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA. Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott. Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood
Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood Previously Used Scientific Names: Tumion taxifolium (Arnott) Greene Family:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood
Common Name: CORKWOOD Scientific Name: Leitneria floridana Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood Family: Leitneriaceae (corkwood)
Previously Used Scientific Names: Benzoin melissifolium (Walter) Nees von Esenbeck
Common Name: PONDBERRY Scientific Name: Lindera melissifolia (Walter) Blume Other Commonly Used Names: pond spicebush, jove s fruit Previously Used Scientific Names: Benzoin melissifolium (Walter) Nees
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