Phenological monitoring guide: Joshua Tree National Park

Transcription

1 Phenological monitoring guide: Joshua Tree National Park A designated monitoring site of The California Phenology Project Yucca brevifolia Coleogyne ramosissima Prosopis glandulosa Larrea tridentata 1

2 Table of Contents Introduction to the California Phenology Project Fact sheet Monitoring goals (must write text) Detecting the relationship between species phenology and local climate Detecting the relationship between phenology and inter-annual climate variation Detecting the relationship between phenology and long-term climate change Species targeted for monitoring at Joshua Tree National Park (species profiles) Coleogyne ramosissima Yucca brevifolia Yucca schidigera Larrea tridentata Prosopis glandulosa Geographic distribution of targeted individuals (must write text) Overview of park Spreadsheet of GPS coordinates for each individual Ryan Mountain High View trail Oasis Visitors Center Frequency of monitoring and estimated time investment (must write text) Data sheets Suggested strategies for achieving monitoring goals Assign a team of two people for each trail/location Monitoring: 2 days/week at each trail/location ~30 plants: 90 minutes monitoring minutes walking) Place data sheets in a 3-ring binder as they are completed Data uploading: one day per month Instructions for downloading data sheets from usanpn.org (must write text) Coleogyne ramosissima Yucca brevifolia Yucca schidigera Larrea tridentata Prosopis glandulosa 2

3 Data entry into National Phenology Network database Primer from NPN-NCO 3

4 Introduction to the California Phenology Project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7 Monitoring goals Detecting the relationship between species phenology and local climate Detecting the relationship between phenology and inter-annual climate variation Detecting the relationship between phenology and long-term climate change 7

8 Species targeted for monitoring at Joshua Tree National Park (species profiles) Coleogyne ramosissima Yucca brevifolia Yucca schidigera Larrea tridentata Prosopis glandulosa 8

9 Adobe Road Geographic distribution of targeted individuals Overview of park Ryan Mountain High View trail Oasis Visitors Center Spreadsheet of GPS coordinates for each individual CPP Monitoring Locations at Joshua Tree NP Twentynine Palms Highway Indian Cove Road Utah TrailGold Park Road Yucca Trail Alta Loma Drive Quail Springs Road Oasis Visitor Center Music Valley High View Trail Queen Valley Road Geology Tour Road Pinto Basin Road Long Canyon Road Keys View Road Berdoo Canyon Road Miles Interstate 10 Dillon Road Ryan Mountain Trail CPP plants Major roads Public roads JOTR boundary 9

10 CPP JOTR Ryan Mountain Monitoring Sites and Plants LATR5 LATR2 LATR3 LATR3 Site 1! Ryan Mountain Parking LATR1 Site 3 YUSC3 YUSC2! Ryan Mountain! Site 2 YUSC1 CORA3 CORA4 YUSC2 CORA1 CORA2 YUSC3 YUSC1 CORA1 Site 4 LATR5 YUSC3 CORA3! YUSC2 YUSC3 YUSC1 YUSC2 YUSC1 Site 5 CORA1! Site 7 YUSC4 CORA4 YUSC3 YUSC2 CORA3 YUSC1 CORA2 CORA1! Site 6 CORA3 YUSC3 YUSC2 CORA2 YUSC1 CORA1! CPP plants CORA LATR YUBR YUSC Trails Meters Liz Matthews 10

11 CPP JOTR High View Trail Monitoring Sites and Plants 6 5 YUBR1 CORA1 YUBR2 CORA2 YUBR3 CORA3 YUBR4 CORA4 4 5 YUBR5 West Side Loop YUBR4 4 YUBR3 YUBR2 YUBR1 South Park Road CORA3 YUBR3 YUBR2 CORA2 Hi-View 2 CORA1 YUSC1 YUBR1 YUSC3 CORA3 YUBR3 CORA5 YUSC5 YUSC3 CORA3 YUSC2 CORA2 YUSC1 CORA2 YUSC2 YUBR2 8 CORA1 CORA4 YUSC4 6 YUBR1 7 High View Nature 6 YUBR3 CORA YUBR3 CORA3 7 YUSC1 YUBR1 CORA1 YUSC2 YUBR2 CORA2 YUBR1 CORA1 YUBR2 CORA2 YUSC3 3 2 YUBR3 CORA2 CORA3 YUBR2 CORA1 YUBR1 YUBR1 CORA Meters 1 CPP plants CORA YUBR YUSC

12 CPP JOTR Monitoring Sites and Plants 3 Lower Covington Flat Road Quail Springs Road LATR4 YUBR4 YUBR3 YUBR2 LATR3 LATR2 YUBR1 LATR Meters = 3 2 YUBR2 YUBR3 YUBR1 LATR2 LATR3 LATR1 LATR4 YUBR4 = 1 = 2 Indian Cove Road Meters YUBR4 LATR3 LATR4 LATR1 YUBR3 YUBR1 YUBR2 LATR Meters 1 0 1,100 2,200 4,400 Meters Keys West Road CPP Plants LATR YUBR Roads Trails 12

13 CPP JOTR Oasis Visitor Center Plants Utah Trail National Park Drive Oasis Of Mara Nature LATR4 PRGL5 PRGL1 Oasis Visitor Center LATR5 LATR3 PRGL4 LATR1 PRGL2 LATR2 PRGL Meters CPP Plants LATR PRGL Trails 13

14 Frequency of monitoring and estimated time investment Suggested strategies for achieving monitoring goals Assign a team of two people for each trail/location Monitoring: 2 days/week at each trail/location ~30 plants: 90 minutes monitoring minutes walking) Place data sheets in a 3-ring binder as they are completed Data uploading: one day per month 14

15 Data sheets Instructions for downloading data sheets from usanpn.org Coleogyne ramosissima Yucca brevifolia Yucca schidigera Larrea tridentata Prosopis glandulosa 15

16 Coleogyne ramosissima and Larrea tridentate Trees and shrubs Broadleaf evergreen Breaking leaf buds One or more breaking leaf buds are visible on the plant. A leaf bud is considered "breaking" once a green leaf tip is visible at the end of the bud, but before the first leaf from the bud has unfolded to expose the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base. How many buds are breaking? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Young leaves One or more young unfolded leaves are visible on the plant. A leaf is considered "young" and "unfolded" once the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base is visible, but before the leaf has reached full size or turned the darker green color of mature leaves on the plant. The leaf may need to be bent backwards to see whether the leaf stalk or leaf base is visible. How many young leaves are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Flowers One or more fresh flowers or flower heads (inflorescences) are visible on the plant. Flower heads include many small flowers that usually do not open all at once. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant, or heads whose flowers have all wilted or dried. How many fresh flowers or flower heads are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Open flowers One or more open fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant. How many fresh flowers are open? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10); Peak flower (P): The plant has a large number of flowers and one half (50%) or more are open and still fresh. Fruits One or more fresh fruits are visible on the plant. How many fresh fruits are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Ripe fruits One or more ripe fruits are visible on the plant. How many fruits are ripe? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Recent fruit drop One or more fresh mature fruits or seeds have dropped or been removed from the plant since your last visit. Do not include obviously immature fruits that have dropped before ripening, such as in a heavy rain or wind. How many mature fruits have dropped? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Please see the species profile page for complete information about the phenophases for each species. Plant Phenophase Datasheet Directions: Fill in the date in the top row and circle the appropriate letter in the column below. y (phenophase is occurring); n (phenophase is not occurring);? (not certain if the phenophase is occurring). Do not circle anything if you did not check for the phenophase. In the adjacent blank, write in the appropriate measure of intensity or abundance for this phenophase (see left-hand column for details). Species: Plant Nickname: Site: Year: Observer: Do you see...? Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: Breaking leaf buds Young leaves Flowers Open flowers Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop Check when data entered online: Comments: Do you see...? Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: Breaking leaf buds Young leaves Flowers Open flowers Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop Check when data entered online: Comments:

17 Yucca schidigera and Yucca brevifolia Trees and shrubs Broadleaf evergreen (no leaves) Flowers One or more fresh flowers or flower heads (inflorescences) are visible on the plant. Flower heads include many small flowers that usually do not open all at once. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant, or heads whose flowers have all wilted or dried. How many fresh flowers or flower heads are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Open flowers One or more open fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant. How many fresh flowers are open? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10); Peak flower (P): The plant has a large number of flowers and one half (50%) or more are open and still fresh. Fruits One or more fresh fruits are visible on the plant. How many fresh fruits are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Ripe fruits One or more ripe fruits are visible on the plant. How many fruits are ripe? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Recent fruit drop One or more fresh mature fruits or seeds have dropped or been removed from the plant since your last visit. Do not include obviously immature fruits that have dropped before ripening, such as in a heavy rain or wind. How many mature fruits have dropped? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Please see the species profile page for complete information about the phenophases for each species. Plant Phenophase Datasheet Directions: Fill in the date in the top row and circle the appropriate letter in the column below. y (phenophase is occurring); n (phenophase is not occurring);? (not certain if the phenophase is occurring). Do not circle anything if you did not check for the phenophase. In the adjacent blank, write in the appropriate measure of intensity or abundance for this phenophase (see left-hand column for details). Species: Plant Nickname: Site: Year: Observer: Do you see...? Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: Flowers Open flowers Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop Check when data entered online: Comments: Do you see...? Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: Flowers Open flowers Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop Check when data entered online: Comments: Contact: nco@usanpn.org More information: 17

18 Prosopis glandulosa Trees and shrubs Deciduous (pollen, no leaf color or fall) Breaking leaf buds One or more breaking leaf buds are visible on the plant. A leaf bud is considered "breaking" once a green leaf tip is visible at the end of the bud, but before the first leaf from the bud has unfolded to expose the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base. How many buds are breaking? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Leaves One or more live unfolded leaves are visible on the plant. A leaf is considered "unfolded" once the leaf stalk (petiole) or leaf base is visible. New small leaves may need to be bent backwards to see whether the leaf stalk or leaf base is visible. Do not include dried or dead leaves. What proportion of the canopy is full with leaves? Less than 5% (<5); 5-24%; 25-49%; 50-74%; 75-94%; 95% or more (95+) Increasing leaf size A majority of leaves on the plant have not yet reached their full size and are still growing larger. Do not include new leaves that continue to emerge at the ends of elongating stems throughout the growing season. What proportion of full size are most leaves? Less than 25% (<25); 25-49%; 50-74%; 75-94%; 95% or more (95+) Flowers One or more fresh flowers or flower heads (inflorescences) are visible on the plant. Flower heads include many small flowers that usually do not open all at once. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant, or heads whose flowers have all wilted or dried. How many fresh flowers or flower heads are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Open flowers One or more open fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between unfolded or open flower parts. Do not include wilted or dried flowers that remain on the plant. How many fresh flowers are open? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10); Peak flower (P): The plant has a large number of flowers and one half (50%) or more are open and still fresh. Pollen release One or more flowers on the plant release pollen when gently shaken or blown. How many flowers release pollen? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10); Peak pollen (P): The plant has a large number of flowers and one half (50%) or more release pollen. Fruits One or more fresh fruits are visible on the plant. How many fresh fruits are present? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Ripe fruits One or more ripe fruits are visible on the plant. How many fruits are ripe? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Recent fruit drop One or more fresh mature fruits or seeds have dropped or been removed from the plant since your last visit. Do not include obviously immature fruits that have dropped before ripening, such as in a heavy rain or wind. How many mature fruits have dropped? Less than 3 (<3); 3 to 10 (3-10); More than 10 (>10) Please see the species profile page for complete information about the phenophases for each species. Plant Phenophase Datasheet Directions: Fill in the date in the top row and circle the appropriate letter in the column below. y (phenophase is occurring); n (phenophase is not occurring);? (not certain if the phenophase is occurring). Do not circle anything if you did not check for the phenophase. In the adjacent blank, write in the appropriate measure of intensity or abundance for this phenophase (see left-hand column for details). Species: Plant Nickname: Site: Year: Observer: Do you see...? Date: Date: Date: Date: Date: Breaking leaf buds Leaves Increasing leaf size Flowers Open flowers Pollen release Fruits Ripe fruits Recent fruit drop Check when data entered online: Comments: Contact: nco@usanpn.org More information: 18

19 Data entry into National Phenology Network database Shared Sites Primer A 'shared site' is one that many individual users can log into and see in their Nature's Notebook interface. There are two kinds of 'shared sites', a Public Site, to which any registered Nature s Notebook observer can submit observations, and a Group Site, which can only be seen by and to which observations can only be submitted by members of a limited group. Public Sites: Any site can be designated public (even if it is already a Group Site). Simply create the site and inform the NCO of the site name and the creator s username so that one of our administrators can set its status to public. When an observer wishes to add an existing Public Site to their Nature s Notebook account, they go to the Add Sites page and click the link to Add a Public Site, which brings them to a map of all of the public sites available. On this page they click on a site to add it. They will then see the public site in their My Sites list the site name is followed by a (P) to denote that it is a Public Site. Group Sites: To create a Group within Nature s Notebook, please lee@usanpn.org, cc-ing Alyssa@usanpn.org, with the Group s name as you wish it to appear throughout our website. You may also associate species with your Group, which will appear when your Group is selected from the Partner dropdown on the Species Search page.one of our administrators will then add your group to our Partner Organization list, and associate any species you specify. Each Group will have one or more Group Admins and multiple Group Members. Group Admins manage group sites for their group. They can create sites, add or remove plants and animals from the site, and view all the observers who are observing as part of the group. To become a Group Admin, join the appropriate group (see below). Then, let us know that you would like to be an Admin by ing lee@usanpn.org and cc-ing alyssa@usanpn.org. Please include your username in the . If you are a new user, make sure you have been into your Nature s Notebook dashboard at least once, so you are active in the system and can be designated an Admin. Group Members can add plants and animals to sites (but not remove them), and can enter and delete their own observations about plants and animals. They cannot add sites. Group Members join the group by following the instructions below. Admin approval is not needed for them to be accepted in the group, however, Admins can remove users from the group if they see fit. How to Join the Appropriate Group: 1. When you first sign up, select the correct group name under Partner Organization. 2. If you have already signed up, go to your My Account page using the link on the left hand side of any interior 19

20 web page on also located at Click edit underneath your username, and make a selection under Partner Organization. Don t forget to hit save at the bottom of the page to save the changes to your account. You may belong to more than one Partner Organization/Group. Making observations at Group Sites: Observers should look for the drop down in their Nature s Notebook home, where they can toggle between their personal sites My Sites and the Group Sites (named by the name of the group; see image). For the California Phenology Project, observers generally only observe at one site, but will see many Group Sites shared by the members of the California Phenology Project group. An observer can select the single site for which they wish to submit observations, and continue from there as usual. Note: Not all Groups/Partner Organizations share sites. Some Groups have many affiliated observers who trained together, support each other etc., but make their observations by themselves in their yards and parks. Other groups have a mix of shared and personal sites. In either one of these cases, the observers are affiliated with their Group. If called for, all observations made at personal and shared sites can still be counted towards the Group s contribution to the database. These data can be downloaded separately, and viewed in the visualization tool, as well. In some cases, this is not appropriate (the personal sites are truly personal and not part of the group; in this case the database is queried differently and personal data is not lumped into the group s contribution). 20