Opp p o p r o tun u i n t i ie i s t o o I m I p m r p ov o e v S arch h D ig i e g stib i i b l i i l t i y y on o n D air i y F rms

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1 Opportunities to Improve Starch on Dairy Farms Abby Huibregtse & Dr. Randy Shaver UW-Extension/UW-Madison Winter 2013 Feed: All About Timing! 1

2 Starch Fecal Starch Content < 5% Every percentage unit increase over 5% is an estimated milk yield loss of one pound per cow per day (Dr. James Ferguson, 2003) Starch 2

3 The Manure Starch Analysis Project Goal: To learn if starch digestibility improves with extended time in storage Funding UW-Extension Dairy Team UW-Extension Eastern District Dairy Team Dr. Randy Shaver The Project Looking for farms of any size Needed to be feeding new corn silage in fall 2011 and still in spring farms in Wisconsin 13 different counties 3

4 Herd Summary Farms Average Herd Size= 223 cows Range= 38 to 1,000 cows Average Milk per Cow= 72.2 lbs/day Range= 45 to 93 lbs/cow/day Image Source Page: The Process Sample Collection Feed Samples Corn Silage High Moisture Corn Dry Corn Manure The manure from ten cows in the herd 45 to 120 days fresh was comingled into one sample Farm/Herd Data Image Source: 4

5 Laboratory Analysis Rock River Laboratory, Inc Watertown, Wisconsin Courtney Heuer Graduate Student UW-Madison Department of Dairy Science Feed Sampling Corn Silage Dry Matter Percent Corn Silage Processing Score Starch Percent 7-Hour Starch 5

6 Feed Sampling High Moisture Corn & Dry Corn Dry Matter Percent Kernel Processing Score Starch Percent 7-Hour Starch Manure Samples Starch Content Total Tract 6

7 The Results What can be done on farms to improve starch digestibility? Fall 2011 Corn Silage Results- Fall & Spring n Average Standard Deviation Range Dry Matter % Corn Silage Processing Score % Starch % hour Starch % Spring 2012 n Average Standard Range Deviation Dry Matter % Corn Silage Processing Score % Starch % hour Starch %

8 Corn Silage 7-hr Starch, Fall vs. Spring Percent of Samples, % Fall Spring 7-hr Ruminal Starch, Percent Starch, % Improving Starch Recommendation #1: Leave corn silage in storage longer 8

9 Percent of Samples, % Corn Silage Dry Matter Percent, Fall & Spring under Dry Matter Percent in Corn Silage, % 20% of samples at or above 40% DM Improving Starch Recommendation #2 Harvest corn silage at a lower dry matter content 2013 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, doing business as the Image Division Source: of Cooperative Extension of the University of Wisconsin-Extension 9

10 Corn Silage Kernel Processing Score, Fall & Spring Adequate Percent of Samples, % Poor Excellent Corn Silage Kernel Processing Score, % Improving Starch Recommendation #3 Increase kernel processing at harvest Image Source: 10

11 High Moisture Corn- Fall & Spring Fall 2011 n Average Standard Deviation Range Dry Matter % Particle Size, microns Starch % hour Starch % Spring 2012 n Average Standard Deviation Minimum Dry Matter % Particle Size, microns Starch % hour Starch % High Moisture Corn Dry Matter Content, Fall & Spring Percent of Samples, % About 45% of the samples contained more than 75% DM Dry Matter Percent in High Moisture Corn, % 11

12 Improving Starch Recommendation #4: Control moisture levels at high moisture corn harvest High Moisture Corn Particle Size, Fall & Spring Percent of Samples, % % of samples had a mean particle size greater than 2000 microns High Moisture Corn Processing Score, microns 12

13 Improving Starch Recommendation #3 Increase kernel processing at harvest for corn silage and high moisture corn Image Source: Dry Corn- Fall & Spring Fall 2011 & Spring 2012 n Average Standard Deviation Range Dry Matter % Particle Size, microns Starch % hour Starch % 13

14 Improving Starch Recommendation #5 Grind dry corn to a fine particle size Fecal Samples- Fall & Spring Fall 2011 n Average Standard Minimum Deviation Starch % Total Tract Starch % Spring 2012 n Average Standard Minimum Deviation Starch % Total Tract Starch %

15 Fecal Starch Results, Fall & Spring Percent of Samples, % % of samples had greater than 5% fecal starch Percent Starch in Fecal Samples, % Factors Limiting Starch FARM A 148 cows 70 lbs/day DM % Corn Silage Fall Spring HMC Fall Spring Fall Spring Fecal Fall 15.2 Spring 19.6 Starch % KPS % or microns 15

16 Factors Limiting Starch FARM B 80 cows 45 lbs/day DM % Corn Silage Fall Spring HMC Spring Fecal Fall 4.7 Spring 10.5 Starch % KPS % or microns Factors Limiting Starch FARM C 173 cows 50 lbs/day DM % Corn Silage Fall Spring HMC Fall Fecal Fall 7.6 Spring 10.8 Starch % KPS % or microns 16

17 Dollars and Cents Herd A 148 cows 70 lbs milk/day If fecal starch improved from 15 to 10 percent 5 lbs milk per cow per day= 740 lbs milk $18 cwt milk= $133/day Improving Starch Recommendation #6 Sample manure for fecal starch content to better manage starch digestibility on the farm Source Image: 17

18 2/4/2013 Improving Starch, Today and In the Future THANK YOU! Abby Huibregtse Agriculture Agent UW-Extension Oconto County Dr. Randy Shaver Dairy Nutrition Specialist UW-Extension & UW-Madison 18