FIELD PEAS IN LIVESTOCK DIETS. Karla Jenkins Cow/calf range management specialist, Panhandle Research and Extension Center

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1 FIELD PEAS IN LIVESTOCK DIETS Karla Jenkins Cow/calf range management specialist, Panhandle Research and Extension Center

2 Nutritional Content of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Crude protein can be variable but generally has been around 22-26% CP About 80% of that crude protein is degradable intake protein Starch content is about 34% vs. 73 in corn Palatability is very good in field peas

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4 Field Peas for Finishing Cattle Treatment (Peas, % DM basis) P-value Item L Q Initial BW, lb Final BW, lb ADG, lb/d DMI, lb/d F:G NEm Mcal/lb Neg Mcal/lb

5 Sensorial Attributes and WBSF of Muscle from Steers Fed Field Peas Pea inclusion, DM basis P-value Item 0% 10% 20% 30% SE Linear Quad Overall like Tenderness WB shear force, kg Juiciness Flavor Overall like (1-dislike extremely, 9-like extremely), Tenderness (1- extremely tough, 9- extremely tender), Juiciness (1-extremely dry, 9- extremely juicy) Flavor (1 dislike extremely, 9 like extremely)

6 Field Peas for Finishing Cattle Field peas replaced dry rolled corn up to 30% of the DM without impacts on performance Including field peas in the finishing diet improved tenderness

7 Field Peas and WDGS in Finishing Diets 0 Peas 20 Peas P-values Item 0 WDGS 30 WDGS 0 WDGS 30 WDGS SEM Peas WDGS Peas x WDGS Final BW, lb < DMI, lb/d 24.9 b 25.5 b,c 23.5 a 26.2 c <0.01 <0.01 ADG, lb/d < G:F a c b b,c <0.01 <0.01 F:G

8 Carcass Characteristics 0 Peas 20 Peas P-values Item 0 WDGS 30 WDGS 0 WDGS 30 WDGS SEM Peas WDGS Peas x WDGS HCW, lb < LM area, in th rib fat, in < Calc. YG < Marbling a 576 a,b 563 b 588 a Marbling Score: 500 = Small, 600 = Modest

9 Field Peas and WDGS in Finishing Diets Field peas G:F 4% WDGS improvement in G:F relative to corn: 40% without peas, 24% with peas Acceptable performance when field peas and WDGS replace 50% corn

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11 Field Peas as a Binder for DDGS Cubes Heifers fed.6 lb dm protein/hd/d 2.3 lb as is DDG 3.5 lb as is cubes Steers fed.6 lb dm protein/hd/d 2.3 lb as is DDG 2.7 lb as is cubes Rotated through pastures every 2 wks

12 Field Peas and Dried Distillers Grains DDG ground DDG bunk DDG/pea cube on ground SE Initial weight, lb Final weight, lb 879 a 901 b 899 b 24 Daily gain, lb 1.34 a 1.54 b 1.56 b 0.15 Values with differing superscripts differ P < 0.01

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14 Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Field peas have about 30% less starch than corn Starch has negative associative effects on fiber digestion The DIP (Degradable Intake Protein) is 75-80% of the CP This aids fiber digestion

15 Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle Study objectives: 1) evaluate field peas as a supplement for grazing cattle relative to corn 2) investigate an interaction between the use of field peas as a grazed supplement and as a corn replacement in finishing diets,

16 Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle 3) determine if field peas can improve tenderness by supplementation in the growing phase 4) to evaluate the impact of field peas on digestibility of low and high quality forage as well as better quantify the degradable intake protein content of field peas.

17 Evaluation of Field Peas for Beef Cattle 2 year study, 3 x 2 factorial design Pasture treatments: No supplement Corn (with urea and solubles) (0.05% BW) Peas (0.05% BW) Feedlot: Dry rolled corn based diet No peas 20% DM as peas

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19 Effect of corn or pea Supplement on growing Calf performance YR. 1 & 2 P- value Control 1 Corn Peas SED Trt Year Trt*Year Initial BW, lb Ending BW, lb 835 c 910 a 879 b 9.5 < ADG, lb/d 1.36 c 1.95 a 1.72 b 0.08 < abc Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Treatments: Cattle grazed 117 days (2014) or 142 days (2015) either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn ( and solubles) or field peas.

20 Effect of field peas on performance in finishing diets: YR 1 Finishing No Peas Peas P-value Trt 1 Growing Trt 2 Control Corn Peas Control Corn Peas Growing Finishing Intera ction Initial BW, 899 cd 984 a 926 c 872 d 951 b 949 b < lb Final BW, lb ADG, lb 4.25 a 3.69 b 4.03 b 4.21 a 3.87 b 3.57 b DMI, lb G:F, lb:lb a b a a b b abcd Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Finishing Treatment: Cattle with peas in the diet had 20% of the dry matter of the diet as peas (by displacing dry rolled corn). The No Peas diet still included that 20% as dry rolled corn. 2 Growing Treatment: Cattle were grazed for 117 days either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn or field peas depending on assigned treatment. 3 Final BW: Calculated as HCW Marbling: 400 = Slight 00 : 500 = Small 00 5 Calculated Yield Grade: ( th Rib Fat, in.) (0.32 REA, in 2 ) + ( ) + ( HCW, lb)

21 Effect of field peas on performance in finishing diets: YR 1 Carcass Performance Finish Trt No peas Peas P values Growing Trt Control Corn Peas Control Corn Peas Grow Finish Interact HCW, lb th Rib Fat, in Ribeye Area, in 2 Marbling Calculate d YG abcd Within a row, means without a common superscript differ. 1 Finishing Treatment: Cattle with peas in the diet had 20% of the dry matter of the diet as peas (by displacing dry rolled corn). The No Peas diet still included that 20% as dry rolled corn. 2 Growing Treatment: Cattle were grazed for 117 days either without supplement or supplemented at 0.5% of body weight with either dry rolled corn or field peas depending on assigned treatment. 3 Final BW: Calculated as HCW Marbling: 400 = Slight 00 : 500 = Small 00 5 Calculated Yield Grade: ( th Rib Fat, in.) (0.32 REA, in 2 ) + ( ) + ( HCW, lb)

22 New Plans Two levels of DDGS (0.4 and 0.8% BW) Two levels of peas Determine feeding value of peas relative to DDGS

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