Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House, Listera reniformis Small
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1 Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name: Listera smallii Wiegand Other Commonly Used Names: kidney-leaf twayblade, Small s twayblade Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House, Listera reniformis Small Family: Orchidaceae (orchid) Rarity Ranks: G4/S2
2 State Legal Status: Special Concern Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: FACW- Description: Perennial herb with stem up to 8 inches (20 cm) tall (rarely to 14 inches or 35 cm), hairless below the leaves, glandular-hairy above the leaves. Leaves ¾ - 1½ inches (2-4 cm) long, ½ - 1⅜ inches ( cm) wide, broadly oval with pointed tips; in a single pair at mid-stem. Flowers greenish-brown, purplish, or pinkish-tan, in a spike at the top of the stem. Flowers with 2 petals and 3 similar sepals, each less than 3 /16 inch (4 mm) long and 1 /16 inch (1 mm) wide, pointed backwards. Lip petal about ⅜ inch (1 cm) long, with 2 toothed lobes separated by a deep notch with a small tooth at its apex. Fruit an oval capsule, less than ¼ inch (5 mm) long. Similar Species: Lily-leaved twayblade (Liparis liliifolia) flowers have an undivided lip. It has 2 large, basal leaves and no stem leaves. Related Rare Species: Southern twayblade (Listera australis, Special Concern) occurs in 9 counties in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain in floodplains and other damp forests. It resembles Appalachian twayblade except the lip petal is elongated and divided into 2 very narrow, pointed segments. Habitat: Shady rhododendron thickets with moist, acid soils, near streams. Life History: Appalachian twayblade is a perennial herb that reproduces sexually; its flowers must be cross-pollinated in order to set fruit. All twayblade (Listera) species have two small nectaries one on the lip and one in the interior of the flower that attract small flying insects such as flies and gnats. When an insect visits the interior of the flower, a small drop of glue is deposited on its back; a packet of pollen is then dropped on the glue and fixed to the back of the insect. The pollen packet is then brushed off onto a subsequently visited flower. Twayblade fruits contain relatively few seeds, compared to other orchids. The seeds are minute and dust-like, dispersed by gravity and wind. The tiny seeds contain no stored food reserves, and must land on a patch of soil containing a specific fungus that provides nutrients for germination and subsequent plant growth. Survey Recommendations: Surveys are best conducted during flowering (June July). Range: Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Threats: Logging and other clearing, ditching and draining of wetlands. Georgia Conservation Status: Six populations have been observed, all on National Forest land, although only 3 have been seen in recent years.
3 Conservation and Management Recommendations: Avoid logging on slopes and in wetlands; protect mountain bogs and wetlands from clearing and draining. Selected References: Ackerman, J.D. and M.R. Mesler Pollination biology of Listera cordata (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 66(7): Brown, P.M. and S.N. Folsom Wild orchids of the southeastern United States, north of peninsular Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. Chafin, L.G Field guide to the rare plants of Georgia. State Botanical Garden of Georgia and University of Georgia Press, Athens. FNA Flora of North America, Vol. 26, Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford University Press, New York. Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United States, Vol. 1, monocotyledons. University of Georgia Press, Athens. Luer, C.A The native orchids of the United States and Canada, excluding Florida. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Massey, J.R., D.K.S. Otte, T.A. Atkinson, and R.D. Whetstone Atlas and illustrated guide to the threatened and endangered vascular plants of the mountains of North Carolina and Virginia, Technical Report SE-20. Department of Agriculture, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, North Carolina. NatureServe NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles, and C.R. Bell Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. Weakley, A.S Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill. Author of Species Account: Linda G. Chafin Date Compiled or Updated: L. Chafin, May 2007: original account K. Owers, Feb. 2010: added pictures
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5 Inflorescence Flower
Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium daultonii Soukop (nomen nudum), C. furcatum Rafinesque.
Common Name: SOUTHERN LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Other Commonly Used Names: Kentucky lady s-slipper, ivory-lipped lady s-slipper Previously Used Scientific Names:
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN. Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Cacalia diversifolia
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS. Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri. Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent Previously Used Scientific Names: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE. Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley. Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue Previously Used Scientific Names: Thalictrum arkansanum Boivin, Thalictrum texanum
Previously Used Scientific Names: Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina (Small) Fernald
Common Name: CAROLINA BOG LAUREL Scientific Name: Kalmia carolina Small Other Commonly Used Names: Carolina bog myrtle, Carolina wicky, Carolina lamb-kill, Carolina sheep-laurel Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH
Common Name: AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH Scientific Name: Sorbus americana Marshall Other Commonly Used Names: American rowan Previously Used Scientific Names: Pyrus microcarpa (Pursh) Sprengel, Pyrus americana
Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY. Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty
Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Melastomataceae (meadowbeauty) Rarity
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON. Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) Rarity Ranks: G2G3/S2S3 State
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA. Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Rosaceae (rose) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1
Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia affinis C.F. Austin ex A. Gray
Common Name: SMALL WHORLED POGONIA Scientific Name: Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Rafinesque Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET. Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff. Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Asteraceae/Compositae (aster)
Common Name: PONDSPICE
Common Name: PONDSPICE Scientific Name: Litsea aestivalis (Linnaeus) Fernald Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Laurus aestivalis Linnaeus, Litsea geniculata (Walter) G.
Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads
Common Name: FREMONT S LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis fremontii S. Watson Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads Previously Used Scientific
Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod
Common Name: TRAILING MILKVINE Scientific Name: Matelea pubiflora (Decaisne) Woodson Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod Previously Used Scientific Names: Edisonia pubiflora
Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE. Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Cyperaceae (sedge) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1? State Legal
Common Name: BUTTERNUT
Common Name: BUTTERNUT Scientific Name: Juglans cinerea Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: white walnut, oilnut Previously Used Scientific Names: Wallia cinerea (Linnaeus) Alefeld Family: Juglandaceae
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS. Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (mustard) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega
Common Name: GRIT PORTULACA Scientific Name: Portulaca biloba Urban Other Commonly Used Names: grit purslane Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega Family:
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM. Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Trilliaceae (Trillium) or Melanthiaceae (bunchflower)
Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson
Common Name: WHORLED SUNFLOWER Scientific Name: Helianthus verticillatus Small Other Commonly Used Names: Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson Family: Asteraceae/Compositae
Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood
Common Name: CORKWOOD Scientific Name: Leitneria floridana Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood Family: Leitneriaceae (corkwood)
Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium
Common Name: CHATTAHOOCHEE TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium decipiens J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium Previously Used Scientific Names:
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER. Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Other Commonly Used Names: spreading false foxglove, spreading yellow false foxglove
SPREADING YELLOW FOXGLOVE Scientific Name: Aureolaria patula (Chapman) Pennell Other Commonly Used Names: spreading false foxglove, spreading yellow false foxglove Previously Used Scientific Names: Dasystoma
Common Name: GEORGIA ALDER. Scientific Name: Alnus maritima (Marshall) Muhlenberg ex Nuttall ssp. georgiensis Schrader & Graves
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Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium ashei (Weatherby) Small, Satureja ashei Weatherby
Common Name: ASHE S SAVORY Scientific Name: Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners Other Commonly Used Names: Ohoopee wild basil, Ashe s calamint, Ashe s wild savory Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium
Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA. Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott. Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood
Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood Previously Used Scientific Names: Tumion taxifolium (Arnott) Greene Family:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Benzoin melissifolium (Walter) Nees von Esenbeck
Common Name: PONDBERRY Scientific Name: Lindera melissifolia (Walter) Blume Other Commonly Used Names: pond spicebush, jove s fruit Previously Used Scientific Names: Benzoin melissifolium (Walter) Nees
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