Saving Vanishing Crops and Dying Wisdom

Transcription

1 Saving Vanishing Crops and Dying Wisdom Presentation to the International Workshop on the Use of Agrobiodiversity by Indigenous People and Rural Communities in Adapting to Climate Change June 2009 Dr. V. Arivudai Nambi Principal Scientist (Biodiversity) M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation III Cross Road, Taramani Institutional Area Chennai - 113

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3 Rainfall data for Kolli Hills for seventeen years ( )

4 Millet diversity in Kolli Hills Mixed Millet Landscape Little Millet Field Little millet (Samai) Panicum sumatrance Italian millet (Thinai) Setaria italica Kodo millet (Varagu) Paspalum scrobiculatum Finger Millet (Kelvaragu) Eleusine coracana Common millet (Panivaragu) Panicum miliaceum Italian Millet Field

5 Crop production trends in Kolli Hills Millets Associated crops Horticulture crops

6 Decline of little millet cultivation in Kolli Hills Area in (ha) Year

7 Cost of Mixed cropping and Tapioca (Mono cropping) in 1 Acre Upland Terrain Amount (Rs) Land Manur e/ pr epar ationfertilizer Cost of seeds / Sowi ng/ pl anting Thi nni ng/ Gap f iling Weeding Har vesting Total Cost / Acr e seedl i ngs Millets Mixed Cropping Tapioca Mono Croppping Amount (Rs) Total Cost Gross return Net Return Millets Mixed Cropping Tapioca Mono Croppping

8 Cost of Mono cropping Millets and Tapioca in 1 Acre of Rocky Undulating terrain Amount (Rs) Land Manure/ preparat ionfertilizer Seeds / seedlings Sowing/ plant ing Gap f iling Weeding Harvesting Tot al Cost Little Millet/ Foxtail millet Tapioca Mono Croppping Amount (Rs) Total Cost Gross amount Net return Little Millet/ Foxtail millet Tapioca Mono Croppping

9 Trends in conversion to estates in Kolli Hills Area in acres\ No. of estates Year Area (Acres) No. of estates

10 Reducing drudgery in millet processing through small mills Manual Mechanical Duration in Minutes

11 Factors responsible for the genetic erosion of different little millet landraces Factors Introduction of tapioca and other cash crops with good market linkages Access to PDS Economic pressure at household level Climate change and rainfall variability Conversion of land to agroforestry Lack of market channels Drudgery in processing Culinary esteem of alternate crops Land fragmentation Peer group pressure and other constraints Limited availability of farmyard manure Intensity ( - less, - strong and -very strong)

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13 4 C Strategy for Millets Conservation Cultivation Village Millet Resource Centres (VMRCs) Commerce Consumption KHABCoFED

14 Conservation

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16 Distribution of millet seeds through Community Seed Banks Millets (kg) Year Little Millet Italian Millet Finger Millet Kodo millet Barnyard Millet

17 Cultivation

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19 Participatory Improvement of Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense) Traditional method of cultivation Modified method of Cultivation Line sowing Between Row spacing 20 cm Between Plant spacing 10 cm

20 Consumption

21 Foxtail millet Kodo millet Finger millet Proso Millet Barnyard millet

22 Drudgery in Pounding

23 Dehusking Mills, Value Addition and Organic Markets

24 Legal Processes MOU with the Block development Office Partnership deed for Nanbargal SHG Tax Payer s Identification Number certificate (TIN) Sales Tax Certificate (CTC) Small scale industry certificate (SSI) Sales Deed Partnership Deed TIN Cert Sales Tax Cert SSIC Cert

25 Development of Aripalapatti Millet Processing Mill Sale Deed Dhan Settlement

26 Commerce

27 KOLLI HILLS TRADITIONAL RECIPES OF SAMAI (Little Millet) & THINAI (Italian Millet) Samai Rice Thinai Rice Samai Uppuma Thinai Uppuma Samai Poorna Kozhukkatai Samai Kara Kozhukkatai Thinai Poorna Kozhukkatai Thinai Kara Kozhukkatai Samai Sweet Puttu Thinai Sweet Puttu Samai Sweet Pongal Thinai Sweet Pongal Samai Sweet Idiappam Samai Thinai Kara Idiappam Thinai Sweet Idiappam Samai Thinai Sweet Paniyaram Samai Kara Paniyaram Thinai Kara Paniyaram Samai Payasam Thinai Payasam Samai Idli Thinai Idli Samai Dosai Thinai Dosai Samai Wheat Flour Dosai Thinai Wheat Flour Dosai Samai Kara Pongal Thinai Kara Pongal Samai Thinai Keera Roti Samai Bonda Samai Pakoda Thinai Bonda Thinai Pakoda Samai Thinai Ribbon Pakoda Samai Thinai Omapodi Samai Thinai Adai Samai Thinai Vadai Samai Thinai Murukku Thinai Adhirasam Samai Thinai Kachayam

28 Organic Products from Kolli Hills

29 Quantity of different form of millets Marketed Gross returns (Rs) and Millets (kg) , , , , , , , Year Little and Italian Millet Rava and Flour (Kg) Gross Returns (Rs)

30 Cost benefit analysis of Value Added Products in Millets Amount (Rs) Ragi Malt Thinai Payasa Mix Thinai Laddu Samai Bajji Mix Samai Uppuma Mix Samai Rava Dosa Mix Ingredient Cost Gross income Expenditure Net Income

31 Community Institution Building

32 Village Millet Resource Centres (VMRC) Name of Panchayat Total Families Alathur Nadu 95 Bail Nadu 114 Devanur Nadu 157 Gunadani Nadu 101 Selur Nadu 104 Thirupuli Nadu 278 Valappur Nadu 69 Valavanthi Nadu 56 Total 974

33 Kolli Hills Agrobiodiversity Conserver s Federation Activities 974 Families Millet Promotion 37 SHG Organic Farming WOMEN 225 MEN 251 Pineapple Cultivation Value Addition

34 Details of Grassroots Institutions Sl.No Details Women Group Men Group Mixed Group Total Groups 1 2 SHG Farmers club No. of Groups Members No. of Clubs Members

35 Cluster wise GRI Details Sl.No Cluster Sembagm Cluster Mullai Cluster Roja Cluster SHG Farmers club SHG Farmers club SHG Details Female Group Male Group Mixed Group Total Group Groups Numbers Clubs Members Groups Members Clubs Members Groups Members

36 Way Forward Addressing Vulnerability Seed Banks Mitigation of effects of weather and climate Coping Mechanisms Experimentation for adaptation

37 Current socio-economic basis of the Malaiyali Society Political Participation (Off-Farm) Employment in State (Off- Farm) NREGA (Non-Farm) Scholarship Free Food Fee Books OAP Access to Entitlement Group House SHGs Financial Linkages Cash Crop Tapioca Estates (On-Farm) Migration On-farm Non-farm Migration PDS Food Cash Kind

38 Addressing the Gap Areas Need for documentation of individual farmers peception of climate change and their response Situation are diverse globally High BD Strong TK Kolli Hills Scenario Low BD Lack of TK Climate Change

39 List of Mixed crops told by 32 / 54 farmers S.no Name of the Crop Frequency 1 Lablab 30 2 Red Gram 20 3 Finger Millet 15 4 Little Millet 12 5 Castor 12 6 Little Millet 10

40 Total number of crops answered by 26 farmers for consecutive four years S. no Plot 1 = 8 Plot 2 = 7 Plot 3 = 5 1 Pearl Millet Horse gram Little millet 2 Little millet Pearl Millet Finger Millet 3 Finger Millet Little millet Pachamalai paddy 4 Pachamalai paddy Finger Millet Perunkelvaragu 5 Saataikelvaragu Pachamalai paddy Tomato 6 Tapioca Tomato 7 Tomato Black Gram 8 Varagu