EFFECT OF NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL IN THE VINE VARIETIES

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1 EFFECT OF NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL IN THE VINE VARIETIES THE EFFECT OF WINTER 2005/2006 NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL IN THE VINE VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN THE COTNARI VINEYARD M. MUSTEA 1*, I. ANDOR 2 1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iaşi 2 Cotnari Trade Company ABSTRACT - The minimum absolute temperatures from the Cotnari vineyard fell below the endurance limit of the varieties during the winter 2005/2006, until -26 o C (on 19 February, 2006) and they affected the main at a proportion of 76.7% in the case of Fetească albă variety, and 74.1% in the case of Francuşă variety.the loss of the main was compensated by the fructification cutting, the viability and fertility of the secondary, so that the calculated production potential could reach 9693 kg/hectare in the case of Grasă de Cotnari variety, kg/hectare in the case of Fetească albă variety, kg/hectare in the case of Tamâioasa romanească variety and kg/hectare in the case of Fracuşă variety. Key words: negative temperatures, bud viability, production potential, Cotnari vineyard INTRODUCTION The Cotnari vineyard is situated in the N-E area of Moldavia, having a temperate climate, with absolute minimum temperatures, which fall below C and seldom damage the unprotected vine. The 2005/2006 winter was characterized by absolute minimum temperatures until 26 C ( ) (Table 1), with negative effect on vine (Mustea, 1998, Mustea, Rotaru, 1995, Ţârdea, 1997). * musteaimihai@yahoo.com 45

2 M. MUSTEA, I. ANDOR Table 1 Evolution of negative minimum temperatures, harmful for vine growing, during the winter 2005/2006 in the Cotnari vineyard Date Temperature C C C C C C C C C C C MATERIALS AND METHODS Investigations have been conducted at the Cotnari Trade Society, after the last wave of negative temperatures, harmful to vine growing ( ), when ten vine shoots from the four representative varieties for the Cotnari vineyard were harvested (Grasă de Cotnari, Fetească albă, Tămâioasă românească and Frâncuşă). The vine shoots were kept in laboratory for a day, with the bottom in water, to point out the effect of negative temperatures. Afterwards, we have controlled the viability and fertility of all bud categories from the winter eye, by the help of binocular lenses. The degree of bud differentiation was determined according to reference stages, proposed by Srinivasan C. and Mullins G., Based on viability and fertility, we have calculated the production potential of each variety, taking into account the eye charge at the fructification cutting. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Minimum absolute temperatures fell down at winter 2005/2006 below the resistance limit of vine varieties, cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard, reaching -24 C ( ), -25 C ( ), and -26 C ( ). Under these climatic conditions, the vine varieties cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard, behaved well, probably, because of the good degree of wood maturation at the beginning of winter and of the gradual diminution of temperature, which had no effect of thermal impact. 46

3 EFFECT OF NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL IN THE VINE VARIETIES The bud losses were high, but differentiated on the length of the vine shoot, the most affected part being the bottom of the vine shoot. In Grasă de Cotnari variety, the loss of main was of 67.6%, the middle part of the vine shoot registering losses of only 58.3%, compared to the bottom of the vine shoot, where losses of 82.0% in main were registered. The loss of secondary was reduced, of only 27.8%. The Fetească albă variety has registered 76.7% of dead main, the viability of being relatively uniform on the length of the vine shoot. The secondary were less affected, and the losses were of only 20.7%, which presented a relatively good fertility and allowed the restoration of the yield potential of vinestocks. The varieties Tămâioasă românească and Frâncuşă had a similar behaviour. In Tămâioasă românească variety, the losses of main were of 75.2% and of 29.1% in secondary. In Frâncuşă variety, the losses of main were of 74.1% and of 32.8% in secondary. In these varieties, the fertility of secondary has also contributed to the restoration of yield potential. According to the number of inflorescence primordia, presented in the main shoots and secondary shoots, the mean weight of grapes registered in the vineyard at the grapes formed on shoots from main and secondary, we calculated the maximum yield potential of varieties cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard. We considered that at least 2/3 of the viable would start into vegetation. In the Grasă de Cotnari variety, the grape yield was almost exclusively formed on shoots from main. The shoots formed from secondary were most of them sterile and had a low contribution, of only 11.8% (Table 2) to the grapes yield. Because of the relatively great grapes (190 g, on the average), the bud losses, compensated by fruit bearing cutting, did not influence the yield potential of the variety, which reached 9, Table 2 potential of the variety Grasă de Cotnari, cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard, Eye

4 Eye M. MUSTEA, I. ANDOR Total % a main bud; b secondary bud; c tertiary bud In the Fetească albă variety, the high losses of main are compensated by the good viability and fertility of secondary, so that the high yield potential of the variety, of 14,348.9, is given at a percentage of 53.0%, by main and of 47.0% by secondary (Table 3). Table 3 potential of Fetească albă variety, cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard, Eye grape (kg) , , , Total % a main bud; b secondary bud; c tertiary bud In varieties Tămâioasă românească and Frâncuşă, the high losses of main are compensated by the viability and fertility of secondary, so that the yield potential in Tămâioasă românească variety could reach 17,684.8, with a contribution of 46.6% in secondary (Table 4). In Frâncuşă variety, the yield potential reached 12,363.0, with a contribution of 48.1% in secondary (Table 5).

5 EFFECT OF NEGATIVE TEMPERATURES ON BUDS VIABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL IN THE VINE VARIETIES potential of Tămâioasă românească variety, cultivated in the în Cotnari vineyard, Table 4 Eye Total % a main bud ; b secondary bud; c tertiary bud Table 5 potential of the Frâncuşă variety, cultivated in the Cotnari vineyard, Eye , Total % a main bud; b secondary bud; c tertiary bud

6 M. MUSTEA, I. ANDOR CONCLUSIONS Absolute minimum temperatures, which fell down in the winter 2005/2006 until 26 C ( ) have severely affected the main, especially, which registered losses between 76.7% in the Fetească albă variety and 74.1% in the Frâncuşă variety. The secondary have generally registered a good viability, contributing to the restoration of the yield potential of varieties. Cuttings compensate high losses of main, by the grape size at the Grasă de Cotnari variety and by the viability and fertility of secondary. They present a good fertility in Fetească albă, Tămâioasă românească and Frâncuşă varieties. The calculated yield potential demonstrates that the grape yield in 2006 in the varieties from the assortment of the Cotnari vineyard could be framed within normal limits. Theoretically, the grape yield can reach 9,693.4 in the Grasă de Cotnari variety, 14,348.9 in Fetească albă variety, 17,684.8 in the Tămâioasă românească variety and 12,363.0 in Frâncuşă variety. REFERENCES Mustea M., 1998 Anatomo-morphological studies on the organogenesis of inflorescences in the vine from the varieties of the assortment in the Cotnari vineyard. Ph.D.Thesis, Iaşi Mustea M., Rotaru Liliana, 1995 Behaviour of vine varieties for table grapes at low temperatures of the winter 1993/1994, registered in the N-E area of Moldavia. Scientific works, series Horticulture, vol. 38, p , University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi Ţârdea C., Rotaru Liliana, Mustea M., Ilie Elena, Băbuşanu V., 1997 Frost effect from winter 1996/1997 on vine varieties, conducted as high shapes, in the N-E climatic area of Moldavia. Scientific works, series Horticulture, 40, p.53-61, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi. 50

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