OF "THOMPSON SEEDLESS" GRAPEVINES
|
|
- Cuthbert Paul
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EFFECT OF TIME AND SEVERITY OF DEFOLIATION ON GROWTH OF ROOTS, TRUNK, AND SHOOTS OF "THOMPSON SEEDLESS" GRAPEVINES W. MARK KLIEWER and R. D. FULLER Respectively Assciate Bichemist, Department f Viticulture and Enlgy, Davis, 95616, and Research Viticulturist, Paul Massn Vineyards, Sledad, Califrnia Presented at the Annual Meeting f the American Sciety f Enlgists, Mnterey, Califrnia, June 23, The authrs thank the Califrnia Wine Advisry Bard fr partial supprt f this research. Accepted fr publicatin May 21, ABSTRACT The effect f leaf remval n accumulatin f dry matter in grapevine parts was evaluated in a pt experiment n nnfruiting rted cuttings f Vitis vinifera L., 'Thmpsn Seedless'. Defliatin was 0 (cntrl), 25, 50, and 75% (herein called OD, 25D, 50D, and 75D vines), perfrmed at three different times ; simulated fruit-set (SET), veraisn (VER) and fruit maturity (MAT), ver a perid f 2 years. The 25D and OD vines did nt differ significantly in dry weights, regardless f time f defliatin. Dry weights (DW) f canes, trunk, and rts were significantly lwer in vines defliated 50 and 75% at fruit-set than in OD vines. With defliatin at veraisn, hwever, nly the trunk and rts f 50D and 75D vines had lwer DW than OD vines. At harvest, nly rt DW frm 50D and 75D vines was significantly less than in OD vines. Ttal leaf area was related psitively t ttal rt DW. Trunk DW was affected mst by defliatin, fllwed by DW f rts and canes. Ttal cane length and average internde length were significantly less in 75D-SET vines than in OD vines and in all ther defliated vines at all defliatin times except fr 50D-SET and 75D- VER vines. All levels f defliatin at fruit-set significantly increased the number f laterals, thugh defliatin at later dates did nt. DW per unit length f cane and number f mature ndes per vine were nt affected significantly by time r amunt f defliatin. There were n significant interactins between time and amunt f defliatin n any f the parameters measured. Previus investigatins (5,6,7,8,9) n defliatin f grapevines have dealt mainly with effects n fruit grwth and cmpsitin, and crp yields. Investigatins dealing with the effects f defliatin n grwth f ther parts f grapevines, such as rts, trunk, and shts, are scarce. An exceptin is the wrk f Buttrse (1), wh shwed that reductin in leaf area f ptted 'Muscat f Alexandria' vines reduced, in rder f decreasing degree, the grwth f rts, berries, shts, and trunk. Hwever, neither the time nr the effects f defliatin fr mre than 1 year were investigated. Fr a mre extensive review f the literature dealing with defliatin f grapevines, the reader is referred t Kliewer (5), Kliewer and Antcliff (6), and Kblet (8). With mechanical harvesting f grapes at hand, 59 which may result in lss f ttal vine leaf area between 20 and 95% during the harvesting peratin (10), it is imperative that bth the shrt and lng term effects f defliatin n grwth f all parts f grapevines and n vine prductivity be evaluated. The present investigatin was undertaken t determine hw different amunts f defliatin at varius stages f vine develpment ver a tw year perid affects the grwth f rts, trunk and shts f 'Thmpsn Seedless' grapevines. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-year-ld, virus-free, nnfruiting, rted cuttings f Vitis vinifera L. 'Thmpsn Seedless' (syn. 'Sultana'), with tp grwth pruned t a tw-bud spur and rts t cm length were used in
2 EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION---60 this investigatin. The rtings were numbered, weighed, and then divided int 12 grups f 10 vines each s that each grup had rtings representative f the entire range f weight classes. This was dne t take int accunt the large variability in riginal rting weights, which ranged frm 90 t abut 140 g. Percent dry matter f 12 additinal rfings, representing all weight classes, was determined after the rtings were dried in a frced draught ven at 70 C. The rtings were planted in 3-gal cans n March 23, 1971 in a mixture f sil, sand, and peat (2:2:1, v/v/v), and placed in a lathhuse cvered with plyprpylene shade fabric that reduced light intensity abut 50 %. Wd shavings were placed arund the cans t reduce the daily fluctuatins in rt temperatures and water lss. Bud break was abut April 20 in 1971 and March 27 in There were 12 treatments in the experiment ~ fur levels f defliatin (0, 25, 50, and 75%), hereafter referred t as OD, 25D, 50D, and 75D, initiated at three different times during the grwing seasn. The times crrespnded t fruit-set (SET), veraisn (VER), and fruit maturity (MAT) f nearby 'Thmpsn Seedless' vines grwing in the University vineyard at Davis. Hence, fr example, 25D-SET vines means vines defliated 25% at fruit-set. Each treatment was replicated 10 times except the cntrl (OD), which was replicated 30 times, with each rting serving as a replicate. The initial dates f defliatin fr the three times were June 20, August 7, and September 23 in 1971, and June 2, July 17, and September 1 in Twentyfive percent defliated vines cnsisted f remving every furth leaf n every sht and lateral, 50D cnsisted f remving every secnd leaf, and 75D designates remving cnsecutively 3 ut f every 4 leaves n every sht and lateral. The terminal 1 r 2 leaves at the sht tips were nt remved. Leaves emerging after the initial defliatins were remved in the same sequence and prprtins as described abve at mnthly intervals. Hwever, after the September defliatins there was little further sht grwth. Tw shts were retained n each rting in 1971 and 4 shts in All ther shts were remved befre they were 5 cm lng. Each sht was trained hrizntally n a wire abut 2 ft frm the grund and 1 ft apart, with ne sht per trellis wire. All clusters were remved frm shts shrtly after bud break; hwever, mst shts had n clusters. Leaf area per vine in 1971 was estimated by determining the rectangular area (length times width) f each leaf blade and summing the values. The relatinship between planimeter area and rectangular area f a leaf was determined, and is described by the equatin Y= X in which Y=planimeter leaf area and X= rectangular leaf area (3). The crrelatin cefficient was In 1972, leaf areas were estimated by determining TABLE 1 Effect f Time and Amunt f Defliatin n Estimated and Theretical Leaf Area Per Vine Amunt f Time f Estimated leaf area Theretical defliatin defliatin cm2/vine % f cntrl leaf area (% f leaves per vine remved) ,~ 1972 t, % , June 20 June , June 20 June , June 20 June , Aug. 7 July , Aug. 7 July , Aug. 7 July , Sept. 23 Sept , Sept. 23 Sept , Sept. 23 Sept , a In 1971, leaf area was estimated by length-width measurements taken 20 days after the initial defliatins, using the crrectin factr described in Materials and Methds. b In 1972, leaf area was estimated by determining the rati between dry weight f leaf blades and the planimeter leaf area and multiplying the ttal dry leaf blade weight per vine at final harvest by the factr cm2/g dry wt.
3 61--EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION dry weight-leaf area ratis as described previusly (5,6). In December 1971, after natural leaf fall, half f the replicates f each treatment were harvested. The rts were washed free f ptting sil, and the vines were divided int canes, trunk, and 1-yearld rtlets. The trunk in this cmmunicatin designates the riginal rting at the time f planting, which included several cm length rts as well as a tw-nde spur. When referring t DW f trunk, the weight f the parent rting is nt included. Laterals were remved frm the canes and kept as a separate sample at harvest. Cane and lateral length, number f laterals per cane, and number f mature, immature, and ttal ndes per cane were determined after leaf fall. A lateral in this cmmunicatin is defined as a sht, arising frm an auxilliary bud, that is 2 cm r mre in length. Ndes and adjacent interndes that were hardened and brwn in clr were designated as mature. After drying fr several days at 70 C, all parts f the vines were then weighed. In 1972, the same harvesting prcedures were used as in 1971, except the vines were harvested in late Octber, just prir t natural leaf fall. Als, DW f leaves at final harvest, as well as f leaves defliated earlier, were determined. Significant, as used in this reprt, indicates that treatment means are different at the 5 % level r less. RESULTS Leaf area per vine: Agreement between the estimated leaf area, determined either by length-width measurements (1971) r by dry weight-leaf area rati (1972), and theretical leaf area per vine (as indicated by percentage f leaves remved) was reasnably gd, except fr the 25D-VER and-mat vines in 1971 (Table 1). As pinted ut previusly, the 25D, 50D, and 75D treatments were based n leaf number rather than leaf area, and this may accunt fr sme f the discrepancy between the theretical and estimated leaf areas. Effect f time f defliatin n dry weights: In general, the later the time f defliatin the greater the dry matter accumulatin in the canes, trunk, and rts (Table 2). Hwever, nly in rts frm vines defliated September 23, 1971, was the DW significantly greater than in rts frm vines defliated at earlier dates (Table 2). Effect f severity f defliatin n dry weights: The DW f trunk and rts f 50D and 75D vines were TABLE 2 Effect f Time and Amunt f Defliatin n Dry Weight f Whle Vine and Cnstituent Parts~ Amunt f defliatin % Time f Leaves b Canes Trunkd Rts Ttal vine defliatin (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) c June 20 June June 20 June June 20 June Aug. 7 July Aug. 7 July Aug. 7 July Sept. 23 Sept Sept. 23 Sept Sept. 23 Sept LSD at 5% level a Data are the mean f 5 replicates, except fr the cntrls, which are the mean f 15 replicates. b Dry weight f leaves per vine includes the weight f leaves remved at the initial defliatin, fllw-up defliatins, as well as that at final harvest. c Data represent the mean f 10 replicates, except the cntrl, which is the mean f 30 replicates. d Parent trunk weight at time f planting is nt included. Amer. J. Enl. Viticult., Vh 24, N. 2, 1973
4 significantly less than in OD (cntrl) and 25D vines in bth 1971 and 1972 (Table 2). Increasing severity f defliatin decreased the DW f canes and increased the ttal DW f leaves (leaves n vines at harvest as well as thse remved earlier). Hwever, the differences between defliated and undefliated vines were nt significant. Effect f time and severity f defliatin n dry weights" Increase in severity f defliatin increased the percentage f ttal leaf dry matter per vine. Hwever, nly in 50D and 75D-SET (1972) was the ttal leaf DW per vine significantly greater than in the cntrl vines. (Table 2). Cane DW f 75D-SET vines in bth 1971 and 1972, and als at veraisn in 1972, was significantly less than in all ther treatment, except 50D-SET (1971) vines. Cane DW in the latter treatment was significantly less than in cntrl vines, but nt significantly less than in ther defliated vines. The 25D treatment, regardless f time, had n significant effect n cane DW (Table 2), nr did 50D-VER, 50D-MAT, and 75D-MAT. Dry weight f trunk (nt including parent trunk weight at time f planting) was significantly less in 50D and 75D-SET and VER vines (1971 nly) than in OD and 25 vines (Tables 2 and 3). N level f defliatin at harvest significantly reduced trunk DW, except 75D in Hwever, trunk DW f vines defliated 75D was less than that f 50D vines, at every defliatin except harvest in At nne f the defliatin times was trunk DW significantly reduced at the 25D level, cmpared t OD vines (Table 2). There was a highly significant psitive relatinship between leaf area and rt DW (Figure 1). Rt DW f 50D and 75D vines at each f the three defliatin times in bth years was significantly less than in OD vines (Tables 2 and 3). Dry weight f rts frm 25D vines was als usually less than in OD vines, althugh, the differences were nt significant. Hwever, rt weight in 25D vines was significantly greater than in 75D vines at each f the three defliatin times in bth years, and als greater than in 50D vines n several dates (Table 2). Ttal vine DW were significantly less in. the 50D and 75D vines at all dates in 1971, and als in the June 2 defliated vines in 1972, than in OD vines (Table 2). Ttal vine DW in 75D-VER vines (1972) was als significantly reduced cmpared t the cntrls, but nt n 75D-MAT vines. Ttal DW f 25D vines at all dates were nt significantly less than that f OD vines, nr was DW f 50D-VER and -MAT vines in 1972 significantly less than that f the cntrls. Significant reductin in dry matter accumulatin in vines defliated in September (harvest time) generally ccurred nly in the rts (Table 2). An exceptin were the 75D-MAT vines (1971), in which trunk DW was less than half that in OD vines. 150 EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION Nt Defliated Defliated June Defliated July A Defliated Sept /% n /% IB 100 /% ~,,,.,,..,,,~e A,0 80 /%/% 70, t 5O ,000 [3 I 1 1! I 1 I ,000 8,000 10,000 LEAF AREA PER VINE (cm 2) Figure 1. Relatinship between leaf area per 'Thmpsn Seedless' vine and rt dry weight t / /O Defliatin 50 ~ Cane / & Trunk 90..I / ~ / Defliatin fr 10 /, ~ Rts, 70 ~./ O Cane I--.~-"~ /%Trunk " 50 O 90 C ~ ' ' [ ~9 ~ a D ' ~ ~ 1 ' 50 i Amer. J. Enl. Viticuit., Vl. 24, N. 2, 1973 ' f, e Rts LYl L ' L I I 1 30 I 1 A LEAF AREA PER VINE-cm 2 Figure 2. Dry weights f cane, trunk, and rts f 'Thmpsn Seedless' vines defliated at simulated fruit-set, veraisn, and fruit maturity in 1971 and 1972, expressed as percenta.ges f the crrespnding cntrl values (n defliatin) against mean leaf area per vine. Cane and internde length, number f laterals, and cane maturity: Ttal cane length per vine in 75D-SET and VER plants (1972) was significantly less than in OD vines (Table 3). Ttal cane length f 75D-SET vines was als less than in 25D-SET vines. Hwever, differences in cane lengths amng all ther treatments were nt significant. Interndes f 75D-SET vines were significantly shrter than in 0D and 25D vines in 1971 and 1972, and als in 50 D vines in 1972 (Table 3). Internde length in 75D-VER vines in 1972 were als significantly shrter than in 0D and 25D vines. Hwever, differences in length f interndes amng all ther treatments were nt significant.
5 63--EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION All levels f defliatin n June 2, 1972, significantly increased the number f laterals per vine cmpared t undefliated vines. Hwever, defliatin at veraisn and at harvest had n effect n lateral frmatin (Table 3). Dry weight per unit length f cane, ttal number f ndes per vine (excluding ndes n laterals), and ttal and percentage mature mature ndes per vine were nt significantly affected by time r amunt f defliatin (Table 3). DISCUSSION The extent t which the dry matter accumulatin in canes, trunk, and rts was affected by leaf reductin at different time f defliatin is expressed as a percentage f crrespnding cntrl values in figure 2. These data reveal that, at mst levels and time f defliatin, dry matter accumulatin in the trunk was mst severely reduced, fllwed in rder by rts and canes. These data indicate that pruning weights f canes wuld nt be a gd indicatr f reduced vine capacity due t lss in leaf area, especially if defliatin ccurred at veraisn r later. Buttrse (1) fund that a decrease in leaf area f 'Muscat f Alexandria' vines reduced rt dry weight mst severely, fllwed by that f berries, shts, and trunk, in direct cntrast t ur results. Hwever, in his investigatin, number f leaves was maintained at fixed levels by sht pruning, whereas shts were allwed t grw cntinually in ur study. Furthermre, Buttrse used ttal dry weight f trunk, which included ne year's grwth, befre treatments were initiated, fr calculating percentage decrease in dry weight. In ur wrk, we did nt include the weight f the parent rting in the dry weight f the trunk. In anther experiment, Buttrse (2) varied the number f berries per plant frm 0 t 90 and kept the number f leaves per plant cnstant at 3. He fund that the level f starch in the trunk was greatly reduced with increasing crp level, but dry matter per unit length f sht and trunk were nly slightly less than in vines with n fruit and rt dry weight was nt reduced at all. T evaluate efficiencies f carbn dixide assimilatin in vines defliated t varius degrees, the net assimilatin rates (NAR), i.e., the increase in dry weight per unit leaf area per unit time, were calculated. Only vines defliated at fruit-set were used fr these calculatins. Ttal leaf area per vine at veraisn was used as an estimate f the average leaf area per vine fr the grwing seasn in cntrl vines; but, in defliated vines, leaf area per vine at harvest was used. This was dne t cmpensate fr leaves nt remved prir t fruit-set in defliated TABLE 3 Effect f Time and Amunt f Defliatin n Cane and Internde Length, Dry Weight Per Centimeter f Cane, and Number f Laterals, Ndes, and Mature Ndes Per Vine Amunt f defliatin % N. f Avg N. f - mature Ttal Cane internde Avg dry wt. Avg n. f ndes ndes x Time f length f length per cm cane laterals per per defliatin vine (cm) (cm) (mg) per vine vine a vine / June 20 June June 20 June June 20 June Aug. 7 July Aug. 7 July Aug. 7 July Sept. 23 Sept Sept. 23 Sept Sept. 23 Sept LSD at 5% level N.S N.S. N.S N.S. N.S. a Number f ndes and number f mature ndes per vine include nly ndes n the primary sht (cane), and des nt include thse n laterals.
6 vines. The estimated NAR in units f grams dry matter per dm 2 leaf area per grwing seasn fr vines defliated 0, 25, 50, and 75% were, respectively, 3.3, 4.1, 5.5, and 7.8 in 1971, and 3.3, 3.3, 3.6, and 4.8 in In terms f mg dry matter per dm 2 per day (assuming a 180-day grwing seasn), the NAR ranged frm 18.3 t 43.3 respectively, fr undefliated and 75%-defliated vines. Althugh these values are crude apprximatins f NAR, they d indicate that leaf efficiency increased with decrease in leaf area. Several investigatrs (1,2,4,6,9) have shwn that, as the size f the phtsynthetic surce (leaf area) decreases with respect t the size f the sink (rts, shts, and trunk), the phtsynthetic efficiency increases. Remval f leaves frm vines during rapid sht elngatin (fruit-set), regardless f amunt, greatly stimulated lateral grwth. Hwever, all levels f defliatin at midseasn (veraisn) r later had little r n effect n lateral elngatin (Table 4). A pssible explanatin fr this finding is that leaves at fruit-set, but nt a veraisn r later, prduce a substance (s) that inhibits lateral bud grwth. Upn remval f leaves, the lateral bud in the leaf axis may then be free t grw. Length f interndes was als reduced by defliatin at fruit-set, but nt at later dates; and this, t, may have ben due t reduced synthesis f sme substance(s), such as prmtr hrmnes, with lss in leaf area. Degradatin f inhibitrs, such as abscisic acid, culd als accunt fr these phenmena. LITERATURE CITED EFFECT OF DEFOLIATIONm64 1. Buttrse, M. S. The effect f reducing leaf area n the grwth f rts, stems, and berries f Grd grape vines. Vitis 5: (1966). 2. Buttrse, M. S. The effect f varying the berry number n Grd grape vines with cnstant leaf area. Vitis 7: (1968). 3. Fuller, R. D. The effect f time and rate f defliatin n grwth f Vitis vinifera L. grapes. M. S. Thesis, University f Califrnia, Davis. (1970). 4. Humphries, E. C. and G. N. Thrne. The effect f rt frmatin n phtsynthesis f detached leaves. Ann. Bt. N.S. 28: (1964). 5. Kliewer, W. M. Effect f time and severity f defliatin n grwth and cmpsitin f 'Thmpsn Seedless' grapes. Amer. J. Enl. Viticuit. 21:37-47 (1970). 6. Kliewer, W. M. and A. J. Antcliff. Influence f defliatin, leaf darkening, and cluster shading n the grwth and cmpsitin f Sultana grapes. Amer. J. Enl. Viticult. 21:26-36 (1970). 7. Kliewer, W. M. and C. S. Ough. The effect f leaf area and crp level n the cncentratin f amin acids and ttal nitrgen in 'Thmpsn Seedless' grapes. Vitis 9: (1970). 8. Kblet, W. The effect f leaf area n the yield and quality f grapes. Schweitz. Z. bst-u. Weinb. 105:624-7 (1969). 9. May, P., N. J. Shaulis, and A. J. Antcliff. The effect f cntrlled defliatin in the Sultana vine. Amer. J. Enl. Viticult. 20: (1969). 10. Olm, H. P. 1970: The year machine.havest came f age. Wines and Vines 52(2):30-1 (1970).
Analyzing Human Impacts on Population Dynamics
Analyzing Human Impacts n Dynamics Outdr Lab Activity - Bilgy Intrductin The ppulatins f varius rganisms in an ecsystem can be impacted bth directly and indirectly by human interactin. We will examine
More information2017 GLOBAL ECONOMIC VITIVINICULTURE DATA
2017 GLOBAL ECONOMIC VITIVINICULTURE DATA 2017 Wrld wine prductin estimated at 246.7 mhl, a fall f 8.2% cmpared with 2016 Very lw prductin in Eurpe: prductin levels were at a histric lw in Italy (39.3
More informationThe Effects of Harvest Date on Thompson Seedless Grapes and Raisins. II. Relationships of Fruit Quality Factors
The Effects f Harvest Date n Thpsn Seedless Grapes and Raisins. II. Relatinships f Fruit Quality Factrs L. PETER CHRISTENSEN 1 *, MARY L. BIANCHI 2, MARTIN W. MILLER 3, AMAND N. KASIMATIS 4, and CURTIS
More informationAPPLE FRUIT PHENOTYPING PROTOCOL
APPLE FRUIT PHENOTYPING PROTOCOL OVERVIEW Apple fruits frm individuals t be evaluated will be harvested at a defined stage f maturity based n starch pattern index and evaluated fr varius at 3 times: 1.
More informationCultivation of an Avocado
Lessn 2 Cultivatin f an Avcad Grafting On average, it takes an avcad plant prduced frm a seed, eight t 20 years t prduce avcads. Fr that reasn, cmmercial avcad varieties (scin varieties) are grafted nt
More informationCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES DURING MATURATION OF MUSCADINE GRAPES (VITIS R OTUNDIFOLIA)
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHANGES DURING MATURATION OF MUSCADINE GRAPES (VITIS R OTUNDIFOLIA) D. E. Carrll and J. E. Marcy Respectively, Assciate Prfessr, Department f Fd Science, Nrth Carlina State University,
More information2017 World wine production estimated at mhl, a fall of 8.2% compared with 2016
Paris, 24 Octber 2017 GLOBAL ECONOMIC VITIVINICULTURE DATA 2017 Wrld wine prductin estimated at 246.7 mhl, a fall f 8.2% cmpared with 2016 A histrically lw 2017 prductin especially in Western Eurpe due
More informationSaltbush in the farming system The farmer s perspective
The farmer s perspective Case studies f fur farmers wh are successfully using saltbush n their farms 2 Meet the farmers Matt Curtis Mildura, Victria 2500 hectares 70-90% crp and 1000 hectares bluebush,
More informationEffect of Crop Level on Growth, Yield and Wine Quality of a High Yielding Carignane Vineyard
Effect f Crp Level n Grwth, Yield and Wine Quality f a High Yielding Carignane Vineyard B. BRAVDO 1, Y. HEPNER 2, C. LOINGER 3 S. COHEN 4, and H. TABACMAN s Three crp levels were induced by cluster thinning
More informationThe Influence of Rootstock on Leaf Water Potential, Yield, and Berry Composition of Ruby Seedless Grapevines
The Influence f Rtstck n Leaf Water Ptential, Yield, and Berry Cmpsitin f Ruby Seedless Grapevines ABDELAZZIZ EZZAHOUANI ~ and LARRY E. WILLIAMS 2. An experiment was cnducted t determine the effect f eight
More informationField Performance of Six Chardonnay Clones in the Napa Valley
Field Perfrmance f Six Chardnnay Clnes in the Napa Valley J. A. WOLPERT ~*, A. N. KASIMATIS 2, and E. WEBER 3 Viticultural perfrmance f six certified, virus-tested clnes f Chardnnay frm Fundatin Plant
More informationThailand. Fresh Fruits Report
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Vluntary - Public Date: 11/30/2011 GAIN Reprt Number:
More informationEffect of nitrogen rate and fungicide or compost tea application on tuber yield and quality of potato cultivars
Crp Res. 46 (1, 2 & 3) : 169-173 (2013) With fur figures Printed in India Effect f nitrgen rate and fungicide r cmpst tea applicatin n tuber yield and quality f ptat cultivars SAMUEL Y. C. ESSAH*, R. D.
More informationAsian Spring Rolls. Tiana Beich, Ma Thao, Sandy Vang, Coua Yang
Asian Spring Rlls Tiana Beich, Ma Tha, Sandy Vang, Cua Yang What is a spring rll? Asian Spring Rlls are a large variety rice paper rlls filled with varius ingredients The name is a reference t the freshness
More information36 Plant Spacing Effects on Canopy Characteristics, Wine Quality and Labour
Plant Spacing Implicatins fr Grafted Grapevine II. Sil Water, Plant Water Relatins, Canpy Physilgy, Vegetative and Reprductive Characteristics, Grape Cmpsitin, Wine Quality and Labur Requirements J.J.
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL ACIDITY, TITRATABLE ACIDITY AND ph IN WINE
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOTAL ACIDITY, TITRATABLE ACIDITY AND ph IN WINE Rger Bultn Assistant Prfessr f Enlgy, Department f Viticulture and Enlgy, University f Califrnia, Davis, Califrnia 95616. Presented
More informationFruit Ripening in Vitis vinifera L.: Responses to Seasonal Water Deficits
Fruit Ripening in Vitis vinifera L.: Respnses t Seasnal Water Deficits MARK A. MATTHWS ~* and MICHAL M. ANDRSON 2 The respnse f fruit ripening t vine water status was investigated in a hillside Cabernet
More informationFAQs - 2 GINGERS WHISKEY Tastings & Events
FAQs - 2 GINGERS WHISKEY Tastings & Events The PRODUCT 2 GINGERS WHISKEY is faithfully distilled at the Kilbeggan Distillery Cmpany (frmerly Clley Distillery) an hur utside f Dublin, Ireland, and currently
More informationEdulcoration of White Wine with Xylitol and Seyval Blanc Juice Reserve
dulcratin f White Wine with Xylitl and Seyval Blanc Juice Reserve C. L. DUITSCHAVR ~, CARL BUTAU 2, and G. C. ASHTN 3 Riesling and tw blends f white French hybrid grape varieties (Blend A and Blend B)
More informationSESSION 8 SKILLS FOR LIFE. Suggested Agenda. Handouts. Materials
SESSION 8 Suggested Agenda 8:30 a.m. Arrival f Participants 9:00 a.m. Welcme 9:05 a.m. Sessin Overview 9:10 a.m. The Great Cmmunicatrs 10:40 a.m. Break 10:45 a.m. Herbs and Spices 11:15 a.m. Cking Demnstratin:
More informationFarmers Market Audit Tool
Farmers Market Audit Tl These measures are designed t rate the nutritin envirnments f farmers markets and prduce stands acrss a variety f gegraphic and incme settings. There are ther establishments that
More informationPORTLAND FRUIT TREE PROJECT
PORTLAND FRUIT TREE PROJECT 5431 NE 20 th Ave. Prtland, OR 97211 503-284-6106 inf@prtlandfruit.rg www.prtlandfruit.rg Beginner s Guide t Ripening, Harvesting, & Tree Care fr Fruiting Vines, Walnuts, and
More informationMUST ACETIC ACID AND ETHYL ACETATE AS MOLD AND ROT INDICATORS IN GRAPES
MUST ACETIC ACID AND ETHYL ACETATE AS MOLD AND ROT INDICATORS IN GRAPES C. A. Crisn, C. S. Ough, H. W. Berg, and K. E. Nelsn Respectively Graduate Student, Prfessr f Enlgy, Prfessr Emeritus f Enlgy, and
More informationThe Pampered Chef Freezer Meal Planner (Menu 1 Canada)
The Pampered Chef Freezer Meal Planner (Menu 1 Canada) Cking Day Directins Barbecue Beef Slppy Jes (8 servings) Ck Time: Abut 10 minutes 8 hamburger buns Optinal tppings: Shredded lettuce, sliced green
More information1 Frozen 12 oz whole greens beans $1.97/ Fresh 12 oz $ Frozen 14 oz Broccoli bags $1.44 (Fresh 12 oz bags $2.24) x 4 = $5.
Grcery list Frzen Prduce 1 Frzen 12 z whle greens beans $1.97/ Fresh 12 z $2.98 4 Frzen 14 z Brccli bags $1.44 (Fresh 12 z bags $2.24) x 4 = $5.76 1 Frzen 22 z bag Okra $2.48 1 Frzen 22 z bag Mixed Pepper
More informationgreat extent III previous investigations on plant spacing of grapevines.
Plant Spacing Implicatins fr Grafted Grapevine 1. Sil Characteristics, Rt Grwth, Dry Matter Partitining, Dry Matter Cmpsitin and Sil Utilisatin J.J. Hunter ARC-Fruit, Vine and Wine Research Institute,
More informationMondial du Pain 2019 Application Process
Mndial du Pain 2019 Applicatin Prcess The Bread Bakers Guild f America is excited abut participating in the 7th Mndial du Pain. This will be the secnd time The Bread Bakers Guild will spnsr a team in the
More informationKiwifruit and the Lemon Problem: Do Minimum. Quality Standards Work?
Christpher Fergusn and Hy Carman Kiwifruit and the Lemn Prblem: D Minimum Quality Standards Wrk? ABSTRACT Mandatry minimum quality standards fr size, grade, r maturity are a cntrversial prvisin included
More informationFlowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta
Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Chantalak Tiyayon and Bernadine Strik Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Email:
More informationMEALS FROM THE HEART BRUNCH/DINNER PROGRAM GUIDELINES
Page 1 f 5 MEALS FROM THE HEART BRUNCH/DINNER PROGRAM GUIDELINES Thank yu fr yur interest in ur "Meals frm the Heart" Brunch/Dinner Prgram. The Meals frm the Heart prgram gives lcal businesses, cmmunity
More informationAuthentic Black Forest Cake By Bekah_Goertzen on December 15, 2008
Authentic Black Frest Cake By Bekah_Gertzen n December 15, 2008 Ingredients Cake 1 2/3 cups all-purpse flur 2/3 cup cca pwder 1 1/2 teaspns baking sda 1 teaspn salt 1/2 cup shrtening 1 1/2 cups sugar 2
More informationTactical Plan. American Culinary Federation Competition. Prepared by The University of Tennessee Catering & Culinary Program CULINARY PROGRAM
American Culinary Federatin Cmpetitin Tactical Plan CULINARY & CATERING PROGRAM Prepared by The University f Tennessee Catering & Culinary Prgram Menu & Preparatin These are the main things yur judge will
More informationWHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A GAS BARBECUE
WHAT TO LOOK FOR IN A GAS BARBECUE Benefits f gas barbecues Gas barbecues ffer many benefits ver mre traditinal charcal r wd chip mdels. Fast and even heat distributin, full temperature cntrl fr minimum
More informationChanges in Pectin Content of Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries During Maturation
Changes in Pectin Cntent f Cabernet Sauvignn Grape Berries During Maturatin MICHAEL W. SILACCI ~ and JANICE C. MRRISN 2. The ttal pectin cntent f Cabernet Sauvignn grapes increased during the perid f rapid
More informationUNDISSOCIATED ACIDITY OF HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE
GASTROENTEROLOGY Cpyright 1970 by The Williams & Wilkins C. Vl. 58, N.3 Printed in U.S.A. UNDISSOCIATED ACIDITY OF HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE Measurelllent and relatinship t prtein buffers GABRIEL M. MAKHLOUF,
More informationLiveTiles v.3.0 Installation Guide
LiveTiles v.3.0 Installatin Guide Versin: 1.0 Versin Histry Versin Number Cmments 1.0 Published versin n release. LiveTiles V3 Installatin Guide V1.0 1 Cntents 1 Installing LiveTiles... 3 1.1 Befre yu
More informationGrains 2 nd 3 rd Grade Lesson
Grains 2 nd 3 rd Grade Lessn Gal: Students will learn what fds are in the grain grup and recgnize the healthier chices in the grains grup. Objectives: 1. Students will state that energy is the majr nutrient
More informationInfluence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless
University of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension Influence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless Pub. TB8-97 Introduction: The majority of Ruby Seedless table grapes grown and marketed over
More informationEffects of hydrogen cyanamide on budbreak and flowering in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa
New Zealand Jurnal f Crp and Hrticultural Science ISSN: 01140671 (Print) 11758783 (Online) Jurnal hmepage: http://www.tandfnline.cm/li/tnzc20 Effects f hydrgen cyanamide n budbreak and flwering in kiwifruit
More informationKindergarten 1 st Grade Lesson
Grains Kindergarten 1 st Grade Lessn Gal: Students will learn what fds are in the grains grup and why they are imprtant t ur bdies. Objectives: 1. Students will state that energy is the majr nutrient prvided
More informationThis policy applies to King s College Senior School and King s College Junior School.
ALLERGENS POLICY This plicy applies t King s Cllege Senir Schl and King s Cllege Junir Schl. Intrductin 1. Fd allergies are becming increasing cmmn, althugh severe allergic reactins are relatively rare
More informationN u r t u r e F o o d s
Vegetarianism Intrductin At a time where many peple are becming mre health and envirnmentally cnscius they are tending t adpt an eating style that cnsists mre f grains, cereals, fruit, and vegetables and
More information2017 Summer Nutrition Champion Awards
All Award Submissins are due n later than Wednesday, Octber 4, 207 by 5 p.m. Please cnsider attending an infrmatinal webinar fr mre award details n Thursday, September 7, 207 at 2:00PM. Register here:
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION GLENN COUNTY P.O. Box 697 (821 E. South St.), Orland, CA (530) FAX (530)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION GLENN COUNTY P.O. Bx 697 (821 E. Suth St.), Orland, CA 95963 (530)865-1107 FAX (530)865-1109 March 27, 2008 Vl. IX, N. 3 In This Issue New Walnut Rtstcks
More informationPower Up Your Plate With Pork
Octber 2013 Newsletter Pwer Up Yur Plate With Prk Octber is Natinal Prk Mnth and a great time t pwer up yur plate with prk. The high quality f prtein in prk may help yu feel fuller lnger, prvide yu with
More informationGeography and Early China Note Guide**
Name Perid Date Gegraphy and Early China Nte Guide** China has gegraphical features that separate it frm neighbrs Nrth China mstly Gbi desert Suth China Muntains/Highlands Himalayas Muntains are mre than
More informationWine Tourism Product
Wine Turism Prduct BUILDING TOURISM WITH INSIGHT WINE Octber 2009 This prfile summarizes infrmatin n the British Clumbia wine turism sectr. Wine turism, fr the purpse f this prfile, includes the tasting,
More informationVolatile Sulfur Compounds Winery Options. Bruce W. Zoecklein
Vlatile Sulfur Cmpunds Winery Optins Wine/Enlgy-Grape Chemistry Grup Virginia Tech Bruce W. Zecklein Prfessr Emeritus Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA www.vtwines.inf Vlatile Sulfur Cmpunds 4MMP: 4-mercapt-4-methylpentane-2-
More informationGrape Purchase Agreements and Grower Contracts
Advanced Winery and Vineyard Law Natinal Business Institute Grape Purchase Agreements and Grwer Cntracts Vigrish Imprts, LLC Agenda Grape Grwer Cntracts General Overview Key Prvisins in Grape Grwer Cntracts
More informationContact Name (This should be the name of the person to contact with application-related issues) Address (see Section V 2.a.vi.
State f Flrida Department f Business and Prfessinal Regulatin Divisin f Alchl Beverages and Tbacc Applicatin fr Brand/Label Registratin Frm # 1 f 5 If yu have any questins r need assistance in cmpleting
More informationTHE EFFECT OF SIMULATED HAIL ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PUMPKINS AND TWO SQUASH VARIETIES
THE EFFECT OF SIMULATED HAIL ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PUMPKINS AND TWO SQUASH VARIETIES Myrtle P. Shock, Clinton C. Shock, and Cedric A. Shock Malheur Experiment Station Oregon State Station Ontario, Oregon
More informationSAKG News No. 11 Weeks 5&7 - Term 3 1 st September 2014
SAKG News N. 11 Weeks 5&7 - Term 3 1 st September 2014 It was all abut Gncchi in the kitchen this frtnight! We made ur ptat gncchi dugh frm scratch, using a ricer (which is just like a giant garlic crusher)
More informationHere s how pulses pack such a nutritional punch that they re considered both a protein and a vegetable: meet PulsEs:
meet PulsEs: The Next Big Superfd Categry What are pulses? In technical terms, they re the dry, edible seeds f plants in the legume family. In understandable terms, they re a categry f superfds that includes
More informationDAY-LENGTH AS RELATED TO VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ULEX EUROPAEUS L.
DAY-LENGTH AS RELATED TO VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ULEX EUROPAEUS L. II. ECOTYPIC VARIATION WITH LATITUDE BY L. H. MILLENER University f Auckland, New Zealand {Received 27 September 1961) (With 2 figures
More informationThe Nutritional Composition of Food Blog Recipes and Their Implications for the Public
The Nutritinal Cmpsitin f Fd Blg Recipes and Their Implicatins fr the Public Clleen Lynch, Emily McGvern, Elizabeth Schneider Lisa S. Brwn, Ph.D., R.D Intrductin Fd blgs & their authrs Online trends &
More informationHawaii Coffee Growers Associa/on. 2013/14 State of Hawaii by Island Growers Report
Hawaii Cffee Grwers Asscia/n 2013/14 State f Hawaii by Island Grwers Reprt The Hawaii Cffee Grwers Asscia/n (HCGA) missin is t further imprvements in Hawaii cffee prduc/n, quality and marketability thrugh
More informationUniversity of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County. Grape Notes. Volume 3, Issue 4 May 2006
University of California Cooperative Extension Tulare County Grape Notes Volume 3, Issue 4 May 26 Time of Girdle Experiments Princess, Summer Royal, Thompson Seedless Bill Peacock* and Mike Michigan Girdling
More informationAN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF. Dale Ila Miles Riggs for the degree of Master of Science in. Horticulture presented on January 12, 1987.
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Dale Ila Miles Riggs fr the degree f Master f Science in Hrticulture presented n January 12, 1987. Title: The Effect f Sil Applied Brn n Fruit Defrmity, Yield, and Brn Partitining
More informationS. GUIDONI ~, F. MANNIN1.2, A. FERRANDINO 3, N. ARGAMANTE 4, and R. DI STEFANO ~
The Effect f Grapevine Leafrll and Rugse Wd Sanitatin n Agrnmic Perfrmance and Berry and Leaf Phenlic Cntent f a Nebbil Clne (Vitis vinifera L.) S. GUIDONI ~, F. MANNIN1.2, A. FERRANDINO 3, N. ARGAMANTE
More informationCity and County of San Francisco DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
City and Cunty f San Francisc DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Lndn N. Breed, Mayr Greg Wagner, Acting Directr f Health Stephanie K.J. Cushing, MSPH, CHMM, REHS Directr f Envirnmental Health
More informationResidential Pellet Grill
NOW WE'RE COOKIN! OWNERS MANUAL This grill is prtected under patent number: 4,823,684 Residential Pellet Grill FOR OUTDOOR USE ONLY BBQ060 Warning: D nt stre r use gasline r ther flammable vaprs and liquids
More informationYour headline here in Calibri.
Pruning and Training Principles for Balanced Vines Your headline here in Calibri. Larry Bettiga Viticulture Advisor Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties Simple text is best. Don t read from your
More informationTRACKS Lesson Plan. Philly Students Heat It Up Lesson Five: Vegetables Grade: 6-12
Philly Students Heat It Up Lessn Five: Vegetables Grade: 6-12 TRACKS Lessn Plan I. Nutritin Educatin Gal & Objective: Gal 1: Students will cmprehend cncepts cnsistent with USDA guidance related t eating
More informationDIACETYL TEST AS A QUALITY CONTROL TOOL IN FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE
3 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 966 DIACETYL TEST AS A QUALITY CONTROL TOOL IN PROCESSING FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE D. I. MURDOCK Lactic acid bacteria are rganisms f sani tary significance
More informationNE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial
Iowa State Research Farm Progress Reports 2014 NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial Paul A. Domoto Iowa State University, domoto@iastate.edu Gail R. Nonnecke Iowa State University, nonnecke@iastate.edu
More informationINCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF LEAF SPOTTING DISEASES OF WINTER WHEAT IN LITHUANIA
AGRONOMJAS VESTS (Latvian Jurnal f Agrnmy) NO. 7 LLU 04 NCDENCE AND SEVERTY OF LEAF SPOTTNG DSEASES OF WNTER WHEAT N LTHUANA Rma Semaskiene, Antanas Rnis Department f Plant Pathlgy and Prtectin, Lithuanian
More informationHeat-Unstable Proteins in Wine. I. Characterization and Removal by Bentonite Fining and Heat Treatment
Heat-Unstable Prteins in Wine.. Characterizatin and Remval by Bentnite Fining and Heat Treatment JUNN-CHN HSU ~ and DVD. HETHERBELL 2 The effect f bentnite fining n the ttal prteins and the heat-unstable
More informationTraditional Foodways Education Program (TFEP) Johns Hopkins University Center for American Indian Health White Mountain Apache
Traditinal Fdways Educatin Prgram (TFEP) Jhns Hpkins University Center fr American Indian Health White Muntain Apache Intrductin The purpse f this curriculum is t teach White Muntain Apache yuth abut the
More informationEAT FOR HEALTH DO-IT-YOURSELF
Tips t Remember 3 Reasns Why Yu Shuld Be Eating Dinner: Steady release f energy will aid in a gd night s sleep. Family dinner time has psitive effects n child develpment. It s yur last chance t eat vitamin-
More informationShould gluten free products be available on prescription?
Greater Nttingham Cnsultatin Dcument Shuld gluten free prducts be available n prescriptin? Hw t have yur say: Fill in this survey and return t the freepst address Cmplete nline at: www.surveymnkey.cm/r/gn-gluten-free
More informationTHE OLD SPAGHETTI FACTORY
THE OLD SPAGHETTI FACTORY Originally a Blacksmith Shp built in 1898, this huge ld warehuse was cnverted int a 600 seat restaurant in 1971. Filled with a fabulus cllectin f antiques and truly unique artifacts
More informationJUICE VESICLE DISORDERS AND IN-FRUIT SEED GERMINAION IN GRAPEFRUIT
(Table 4) are nt uncmmn. While sme grwers have reprted excellent results frm C 10 usage, many grwers have reprted medicre activity r cmplete failure. It is prbable that clder winter temperatures reduced
More informationFormation of Hydrogen Sulfide and Glutathione During Fermentation of White Grape Musts
Frmatin f Hydrgen Sulfide and Glutathine During Fermentatin f White Grape Musts SEUNG K. PARK ~, ROGER B. BOULTON 2, and ANN C. NOBLE 3. Vlatile sulfur cmpunds (VSCs) and nnvlatile thil-cntaining cmpunds
More informationWALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010
WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 Carolyn DeBuse, John Edstrom, Janine Hasey, and Bruce Lampinen ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the 1970s as a high density system
More informationTreating vines after hail: Trial results. Bob Emmett, Research Plant Pathologist
Treating vines after hail: Trial results Bob Emmett, Research Plant Pathologist Treating vines after hail: Trial results Overview Hail damage recovery pruning trial Background and trial objectives Post-hail
More informationHealthy Eating in Restaurants and Social Situations
Healthy Eating in Restaurants and Scial Situatins Scial Events Fd is always at any scial event. It is imprtant t make healthy chices when yu are at a party and when eating ut. The key t this is thinking
More informationTable of Contents
1 Table f Cntents 1. Backgrund... 2 1.1. Purpse f the study... 2 1.2. Recruitment and implementatin... 2 1.3. The flw f the discussin... 3 2. Discussins... 3 2.1. Prtein surces... 3 2.2. Plant-based prtein
More information(36) PROHEXADIONE-CALCIUM AFFECTS SHOOT GROWTH AND YIELD OF LEMON, ORANGE AND AVOCADO DIFFERENTLY
(36) PROHEXADIONE-CALCIUM AFFECTS SHOOT GROWTH AND YIELD OF LEMON, ORANGE AND AVOCADO DIFFERENTLY Lauren C. Garner, Yusheng Zheng, Toan Khuong and Carol J. Lovatt 1 ABSTRACT Lemon (Citrus limon L.) and
More informationMadera Vintners Association Grant Program In Honor of Dr. Vincent Petrucci and Professor Ken Fugelsang
Madera Vintners Assciatin Grant Prgram In Hnr f Dr. Vincent Petrucci and Prfessr Ken Fugelsang Madera Vintners Assciatin P.O. Bx 697 Madera, CA. 93639 2019 Dr. Vincent Petrucci and Prfessr Ken Fugelsang
More informationMetroglyph Analysis in Coconut
COCOS, (987), 5, 32-38. Printed in Sri Lanka Metrglyph Analysis in Ccnut {Ccs nucifera L.) T. S. RAVEENDRA, T. RAMANATHAN*, G. NALLATHAMBI 3 and H. VIJAYARAGHAVAN 4 Ccnut Research Statin, Veppankulam 64
More informationConsumer Science and Design Technologies. Hospitality and Restaurant Management. o Work Experience, General. o Open Entry/Exit
SECTION A - Curse Infrmatin 1. Curse ID: 2. Curse Title: 3. Divisin: 4. Department: 5. Subject: 6. Shrt Curse Title: 7. Effective Term:: HRM 82 Baking and Pastry Business Divisin Cnsumer Science and Design
More informationEffect of cane pruning on growth, yield and quality of grape varieties under Buldana district
RESEARCH PAPER Effect of cane pruning on growth, yield and quality of grape varieties under Buldana district ABSTRACT International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, January to June, 2010, Vol. 6 Issue
More informationVeraison to Harvest Statewide Vineyard Crop Development Update #4 September 20, 2013 Edited by Tim Martinson and Chris Gerling
Arund New Yrk... Statewide (Tim Martinsn). Ripening prceeded at a mderate pace (see table p. 4-6), with gains f 0.5 (Chardnnay, Lemberger, Pint nir) t 2.4 Brix. (Niagara), with mst gaining abut 1 brix.
More informationGreenhouse and field evaluation of rapeseed cultivars and lines for resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
Jurnal f Oilseed Brassica July 0 4(): 6-65 6 Greenhuse and field evaluatin f rapeseed cultivars and lines fr resistance against Sclertinia sclertirum (Lib.) de Bary Alireza Dalili Department f plant prtectin
More informationTips on healthy grilling
Prteins and Prduce Tips n healthy grilling Chse lean cuts f prtein (meat) and fresh vegetables. Replace fatty beef burgers, ribs and ht dgs with bneless, skinless chicken breast, thick fish steaks, seafd,
More informationQuality characteristics of Black Tea Processed by Orthodox Rotoryane Type of Manufacture at Different Degrees of Wither
Sri Lanka J. Tea Sci. Vlume 76, Part (1/2) Quality characteristics f Black Tea Prcessed by Orthdx Rtryane Type f Manufacture at Different Degrees f Wither 1 2 1 D C J Suduwellage, W S Btheju and D C Abeysinghe
More informationEosinophilic Disorders Explained
Esinphilic Disrders Explained Quick glance Esinphilic gastrintestinal disrders (EGIDs) are relatively new but their incidence is rising. EGIDs have n cure, but treatment is available. Generally children
More informationTraining system considerations
Comparative results of three training systems in Winchester VVA Meeting: 13-15 Feb 2003 Tony K. Wolf Professor of Viticulture Training system considerations Why research training systems in Virginia? increase
More informationAnaphylaxis management policy at... MOUNT CLEAR COLLEGE/GPLACE
Anaphylaxis management plicy at... MOUNT CLEAR COLLEGE/GPLACE BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a severe, rapidly prgressive allergic reactin that is ptentially life threatening. The mst cmmn allergens in schl
More informationCooking Club Lesson Plan
Cking Club Lessn Plan Vegetables Grades 6-12 I. Lessn Objectives: A. Students will discuss the rle f the varius nutrients fund in vegetables. B. Students will state the health benefits f eating a variety
More informationMansour Gholami. (M.Sc. Horticulture, Tehran) l'[/ aite Agriculture Re s earch Institute. The University of Adelaide South Australia
{ù. ;"$."t c,þrûfu$ Qq*i'. 21 ci 1996 a Bisynthesis and translcatin f secndary ^"fu rr" glycsides in the grapevin e Vitis viniíera - '%Sry"V # "gð"/ by Mansur Ghlami (M.Sc. Hrticulture, Tehran) Department
More informationThe Contribution of Hydrolyzed Flavor Precursors to Quality Differences in Shiraz Juice and Wines: An Investigation by Sensory Descriptive Analysis
The Cntributin f Hydrlyzed Flavr Precursrs t Quality Differences in Shiraz Juice and Wines: An Investigatin by Sery Descriptive Analysis N. A. ABBOTT ~, B. G. COOMBE 2, and P. J. WILLIAMS 3. Vlatile cmpnents
More informationMarch 31, Dear Committee Members,
March 31, 2008 Dear Cmmittee Members, I wuld like t thank yu fr selecting me as ne f this year s APS K 12 Minrity Outreach Fellws. I fund my term t be rewarding bth persnally and prfessinally. Thrughut
More informationFungicide control of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot on grape: 2014 field trial
Fungicide control of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot on grape: 2014 field trial W. Douglas Gubler, Trang T. Nguyen and Nicholas S. Morris Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA
More informationCrispy Tofu with Asian Chili Glaze
Crispy Tfu with Asian Chili Glaze 1 blck extra-firm tfu, pressed 1 large egg 1/2 cup pank breadcrumbs Pepper, t taste Any spices yu desire (ptinal fr seasning pank) Vegetable il Asian Chili Glaze 1/4 cup
More informationEFFECT OF SUB-FREEZING TEMPERATURES ON COMPONENT PARTS OF CITRUS FRUITS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PECTIC CONSTITUENTS1
ROUSE, ATKINS, MOORE: PECTIC STUDIES 295 believed t be due t the fact that many factrs, such as fruit quality, extractin and finishing prcedures, il cntent and thers, influence the flavr f range cncentrate.
More informationAll information taken from Garden Organic web site except sections on canker and greenfly and other aphids.
Apple pests and dieases All infrmatin taken frm Garden Organic web site except sectins n canker and greenfly and ther aphids. Apple Scab and Pear Scab Scab is a widespread fungal disease f apples and pears.
More informationTHE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE
THE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE L WEIGHT CHANGES CORRELATED WITH WATER AVAILABILITY DURING DEVELOPMENT BY J. DANCER Department of Agriculture, Kawanda Research Station, Kampala, Uganda {Received
More informationPractical Aspects of Crop Load and Canopy Management
Practical Aspects of Crop Load and Canopy Management Jim Wolpert Extension Viticulturist Department of Viticulture and Enology University of California, Davis Penn State Grape Day August 10, 2011 Presentation
More informationPROGRAM OVERVIEW BEST PRACTICES BAKING & SHELF LIFE
PROGRAM OVERVIEW Can a custmer purchase Basili s frm anther distributr/whlesaler? Basili s is a prprietary prgram wned by Cre-Mark. N ther distributr has access t this prduct line. Can a cmpetitr substitute
More information