Grapevine in a changing environment field-oriented research to optimize short-term adaptation measures

Transcription

1 Grapevine in a changing environment field-oriented research to optimize short-term adaptation measures Breia R, Martins V, Noronha H, Conde A, Cunha A, Santos J, Moutinho J, Gerós H CITAB - Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas Portugal

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5 Climate changes in Portugal (1,6 C) (3,8 C) João Santos, UTAD, 2017

6 Water stress intensification throughout Europe, reaching severe levels in some areas of inner Iberia High stress Change RCP8.5 Low stress Higher stress Lower stress Dynamic Modelling using the STICS crop model Fraga, H.; Garcia de C. A. I; Malheiro, A. C; Santos, J. A "Modelling climate change impacts on viticultural yield, phenology and stress conditions in Europe", Global Change Biology 22, 11:

7 Mediterranean winemaking regions High water deficit X High solar radiation X Heat waves João Santos, UTAD, 2017

8 Under these conditions, the productivity and quality of vines could be seriously compromised João Santos, UTAD, 2017

9 Adaptation measures Long-term: Vineyard location Soil preparation Short-term: Irrigation management Training system management Leaf sun screens Varietal and rootstock selection Cover cropping Grapevine breeding Mineral nutrition

10 Role of water transporters (aquaporins) in grapevine response to drought stress (gene cloning and expression, functional studies, screening of different varieties, ); Role of compatible solutes accumulation in response to drought (gene cloning and expression, metabolomics analysis of fruit composition, ); Grapevine response to Bordeaux mixture (heavy metal stress) (cloning of Cu2+ transporters, expression studies, Cu2+ accumulation in fruits, fruit composition, wine quality, ); Effect of leaf sun screens (kaolin) on the performance of grapevine under drought, heat and light stress (photosynthesis, productivity, grape composition and organoleptic properties); How management practices, like defoliation and pruning, affect starch reserves (starch accumulation and mobilization during spring, cold acclimation, study of genes, enzymes and regulatory networks) Mitigation of fruit cracking (application of Ca2+, Ca2+ transporters, gene expression, skin properties, fruit composition)

11 Leaf sun screens Kaolin White chemically inert clay mineral (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) Reflective properties found to reduce leaf and fruit surface temperatures Improvement of photosynthetic efficiency

12 a urig o T ( TN2 onal; N i Nac S) TF (Touriga TF (Touriga Franca; E-W) EFranca; TN1 (Touriga Nacional; EW) W) Moutinho Pereira et al.

13 Leaf sun screens: outcomes

14 Kaolin affects leaf reflectance Control R660/R730 = 0, nm Leaf reflectance (%) Kaolin R660/R730 = 0,467 Folha com caulino 5% 660 nm Folha controlo Wavelenght (nm)

15 Kaolin decreases leaf temperature Leaf temperature ( C) 31 july 21 august 4 september 32,5 ± 1,0 28,1 ± 1,0 ** 35,4 ± 0,8 32,5 ± 1,2 * 29,1 ± 0,5 25,3 ± 0,8 *** 31,0 ± 0,7 28,0 ± 0,3 *** 34,6 ± 0,8 31,7 ± 0,3 ** 36,2 ± 0,6 31,1 ± 0,4 *** Morning (9 10h) Control Kaolin Signif. Midday (14 15 h) Control Kaolin Signif.

16 Kaolin improves anthocyanins

17 Kaolin improves anthocyanins Kaolin foliar application has a stimulatory effect on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways in grape berries Conde et al., Frontiers in Plant Science Plant Physiology, 7: 1-14.

18 Water-deficit stress affects berry quality attributes

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20 Deficit irrigation: irrigation water is provided below evapotranspiration (ET) needs NI (no irrigation) PRD DI/RDI FI (full irrigation) Manuela Chaves - ITQB

21 Expression of VvMAT1 in grape berries during development under different water availabilities NI PRD DI FI NI PRD DI FI NI PRD DI FI NI PRD DI FI

22 Grape berries accumulate polyols in response to drought [Mannitol] [Sorbitol] Metabolomic analysis performed by GC-TOF-MS (Genome Center UCDavis). Values are the mean ± SEM (n=3).

23 Galactinol Myoinositol Glycerol Dulcitol Metabolomic analysis performed by GC-TOF-MS (Genome Center UCDavis). Values are the mean ± SEM (n=3).

24 Considerable amounts of polyols in the berry pulp result from drought stress Polyols Sucrose Glucose Fructose

25 Does Cu application (Bordeaux mixture) affects berry quality attributes?

26 Field experiments - region of Vinhos Verdes cv. Vinhão green - Cu (control) + Cu (Bordeaux mixture) veraison mature

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28 Can leaf removal techniques impact berry composition by modulating the source-to-sink balance? How defoliation affects the amount of starch accumulated in woody tissues during winter?

29 Defoliation may affect starch accumulation in woody tissues

30 Model grapevine rooted-cuttings

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32 Functional characterization of VvCAX3: a grapevine cation/h+ exchanger

33 Calcium is vital for fruit development v Ca2 + v v v v Cell division and expansion Circadian cycles Cell signalling Abiotic and biotic stress responses Structural roles in the cell wall and membranes

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36 Searching for the role of aquaporins in grapevine response to water-defict stress

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38 Our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented; Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers.

39 Collaborations International: François Chaumont - Belgium Serge Delrot - France Adamo Rombolà - Italy Eduardo Blumwald - USA Antonio Granell - Spain National: Berta Gonçalves José Moutinho-Pereira Carlos Conde Mariana Sottomayor Manuela Chaves Graça Soveral José Marques da Silva João Serôdio Ana Margarida Fortes