First season experiences with Spotted Wing Drosophila

Transcription

1 First season experiences with Spotted Wing Drosophila Rufus Isaacs, Noel Hahn, Steve Van Timmeren, Keith Mason and Howard Russell Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI James Zalotny Zl USDA APHIS PPQ, Detroit, Michigan Outline Biology and identification Distriution and phenology Monitoring Chemical control SWD management program 1

2 Life cycle Optimal development at 65 7 o F, ~12 day generation time. Adult flies live for 3 6 weeks, and females can lay over 3 eggs. Limited y high heat in summer and y winter cold. Female flies lay eggs into ripening fruit. WSU, Whatcom County Drosophila ovipositors Native vinegar fly Spotted wing Drosophila Photos y Tyler Stevens, Central Michigan University 2

3 Eggs, larvae, and pupae of SWD Tiny egg laying holes/scars Eggs have white reathing tues Breathing tues visile outside fruit Larva inside fruit Pupation under skin Pupation on surface Identifying male and female SWD MALE FEMALE two rows of serrations on ovipositor no dark spots on wings M. Hauser, CDFA dark spot on each wing two dark ands on each foreleg M. Hauser, CDFA 3

4 Distriution & phenology SWD distriution SWD has now een found in Europe, all U.S. west coast and most east coast states, and in Canadian provinces. SWD flies detected in multiple Michigan crops and haitats: Strawerry, rasperry, lueerry, grape, cherry, peach, cranerry (flies only), wild areas, rest areas, ackyards. Distriuted widely in Michigan Counties positive for SWD 13 in 9 more confirmed in 11 Online reporting system is in place for weekly updates of fly activity in 12.? 4

5 Phenology in unmanaged fields SWD was sampled all season at 3 non-sprayed fields. 9 8 strawerries cherries rasperries fall rasperries grapes First catch on July 3. Low catch through July with increasing catch in August. Average SWD per trap First catch lueerries Highest pressure in Sept. 6/12 6/19 6/26 7/3 7/ 7/17 7/24 7/31 8/7 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 9/11 9/18 9/25 /2 /9 /16 /23 Monitoring 5

6 Comparison of monitoring trap aits Pairs of monitoring traps deployed in June. Average SW WD per trap 1 Baited either with apple cider 6 vinegar or a yeast-sugar solution, checked weekly for 4 the numer of SWD. Yeast mix: 1 Tsp yeast, 4 Tsp sugar, 12 oz water Average date of first catch Yeast ACV Woods 8/7 9/4 Fields 8/14 8/28 ve for SWD % of traps positiv Catch per week Apple Cider Vinegar Yeast+Sugar Proportion of traps catching Apple Cider Vinegar Yeast+Sugar 6/19 6/26 7/3 7/ 7/17 7/24 7/31 8/7 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 9/11 9/18 9/25 /2 /9 /16 /23 Do I need to identify female SWD? Traps almost always catch males when they catch females. female SWD trap checks out of 522 had 4 a female SWD and no male. 2 Only a.57% chance of making a wrong decision if only looking for males male SWD 6

7 Chemical control Drosophila larval infestation 1 day residues Avg. Drosophila larvae per fiv ve erries 7 days fly exposure 25 SWD larvae in 5 erries a 15 a cd cd c 5 cd cd d 7

8 Drosophila larval infestation 4 day residues 7 days fly exposure SWD larvae in 5 erries 8

9 Drosophila larval infestation Entrustrates five erries Avg g. Drosophila larvae per f 14 7 days fly exposure to 1 DAT residues a SWD larvae in 5 erries SWD activity in managed fields SWD sampled all season at 3 organic, conventional, and non-sprayed fields. Managed fields had lower fly catches during harvest. Later-harvested varieties are at greatest risk. Average SWD per tr rap Bluecrop Jersey Elliott Organic Conventional Minimally Managed Last sprays Lierty 7/31 8/7 8/14 8/21 8/28 9/4 9/11 9/18 9

10 Comparison of application methods in lueerry 8 gpa 3 gpa % SWD mortality a a Helicopter a vs. a ground spray Helicopter Helicopter Helicopter Ground Ground Ground Untreated Mustang 6 oz/ac SWD MANAGEMENT

11 Cultural control options Remove host hot spots outside fields Remove soft/infested fruit in small p plantings g Solarization to kill larvae Cold temperature treatments? Freezing Biological control In our 11 collections, no natural enemies were reared from SWD. Peter Shearer & Preston Brown, OSU Two species of parasitic wasp discovered recently in Oregon. Wasp population growth is delayed with respect to SWD populations. Movement from native Drosophila is expected. 11

12 Insecticide ratings for pre harvest insect control Insecticide Class REI (h) PHI (d) BBM JB SWD Nat. En. Imidan Organophos **** **** **** Moderate Malathion Organophos *** ** *** M Sevin Caramate 12 7 *** **** * Toxic Lannate Caramate 48 3 ** ** *** T Asana Pyrethroid *** *** **** T Brigade Pyrethroid 12 1 *** *** **** T Mustang Max Pyrethroid 12 1 *** *** **** T Danitol Pyrethroid 24 3 *** *** **** T Intrepid RR IGR Safe Confirm RR IGR S Esteem RR IGR S Rimon RR IGR S Actara RR Neonic ** ** * M Assail RR Neonic **** ** * M Provado RR Neonic *** ** * M Delegate RR Spinosyn 4 3 ** - **** M SpinTor RR Spinosyn 4 3 ** - ** M Entrust Spinosyn 4 3 ** - *** M Ecozin Neem 12 ** * * M Azadirect Neem 4 ** * * M Neemix Neem 12 ** * * M Pyganic Pyrethrum 12 * * ** M Evergreen Pyrethrum 12 ** ** ** M IPM for SWD in lueerries 1. Monitor for SWD using yeast aited traps. Check traps weekly. Yellow sticky insert or drop of unscented soap. Count male SWD. 2. At first SWD capture, protect any ripening or ripe erries from infestation using effective insecticides. Coverage Resistance management PHIs and REIs MRLs for export markets 3. Maintain monitoring and fruit protection as needed. 4. Once harvest is complete, focus controls on ripening fields. 12

13 SWD Resources from MSU Local extension educators We couldn t have done this without Technical Assistance Katie O Donnell Jon Wyma Adam Young Kalli Shades Nick Davros Michigan SWD Response Team Berry and tree fruit growers Carini Farms, Hamilton Helicopters Funding USDA Specialty Crop Block Grant MBG Marketing Project GREEEN 13