What do consumers think about farm animal welfare in modern agriculture? Attitudes and shopping behaviour

Transcription

1 Supplementary online material of International Food and Agribusiness Management Review DOI: What do consumers think about farm animal welfare in modern agriculture? Attitudes and shopping behaviour Heinke Heise and Ludwig Theuvsen Chair-Management in Agribusiness, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, Göttingen, Germany Corresponding author: Heinke Heise

2 Table S1. Sample composition compared to basic population in Germany. Variable Sample composition Composition of the basic population in Germany Gender in % Male Female Ø Age in years Educational level in % Still at school Secondary modern school Secondary school certificate High school certificate No school leaving certificate Other Net household income level in % , ,000-2, ,000-3, , Place of residence in % Northern Germany Western Germany Eastern Germany Southern Germany

3 Table S2. Results of the cluster analysis. 1 Variables 2 Involvement in agriculture and livestock production *** 0.33 bde a 0.18 de ac ac I know a lot about agricultural topics. *** 0.04 de de ac ac I regularly use media to keep informed about agricultural topics. *** 0.36 de 0.11 d 0.37 de ac abc I am interested in agricultural topics. *** 0.67 de 0.41 d 0.53 d 0.22 a abc I know a lot about livestock production. *** 0.22 d d a ac I regularly use the agricultural trade press for information on agricultural topics. *** bde a a a Perception of animal welfare in livestock production *** de cde 0.33 bd abce 0.59 abd Farm animals in livestock production systems feel comfortable. *** cde cde abd abce 0.14 abd Farmers take good care of their farm animals. *** 0.03 cd 0.03 cd 0.33 abd abce 0.26 d The health status of farm animals is good. *** de cd 0.15 bd ace 0.34 abd Farm animals can show their natural innate behaviour in agricultural husbandry systems. *** d de d abce 0.18 bd The agricultural sector is honestly interested in improving farm animal welfare. *** 0.02 c ce 0.42 abd ce 0.26 bd A farm animal with good performance also feels comfortable. *** 0.13 dd a d ae 0.04 d A farm animal that is not used to an outdoor paddock does not miss it. *** e e be e abcd Conception of animal welfare and animal welfare standards *** 0.39 ce 0.39 ce 0.16 abe 0.32 ae abcd Good health is particularly important for the level of farm animal welfare. *** 1.91 e 1.87 e 1.86 e 1.87 e 0.75 abcd The structural-technical systems used in barns are particularly important for the level of farm animal welfare. *** 1.78 e 1.65 e 1.71 e 1.64 e 0.55 abcd Animals must be able to engage in their natural innate behaviour; only then can they feel comfortable. *** 1.70 e 1.81 e 1.65 e 1.66 e 0.51 abcd The animal welfare standards for farm animals should be enhanced. *** 1.66 ce 1.73 ce 1.25 abde 1.74 ce 0.48 abcd Animal welfare and the market *** bcde acde 0.56 ab 0.54 ab 0.28 ab Higher national animal welfare requirements will lead to more imported meat. *** abde acde 0.31 ab 0.39 abe 0.21 bcd Higher national animal welfare requirements will lead to competitive disadvantages for German farmers on international markets. *** 0.19 bcd acde 0.71 ace 0.77 ace 0.23 abd Products from more animal-friendly production systems will always occupy only market niches. *** bcde acde 0.25 ab 0.29 ab 0.22 ab Politicians, journalists and consumers cannot evaluate whether or not farm animals are kept under good conditions. *** bc acde 0.24 ac b 0.12 b Social acceptance of meat consumption *** bcde 0.54 ae 0.55 ae 0.51 ae abcd Eating meat is socially accepted. *** 0.35 bcd 1.56 ae 1.55 ade 1.46 ae 0.64 bcd My friends and family accept the consumption of meat. *** 0.44 bcde 1.62 ae 1.63 ae 1.66 ae 0.84 abcd Animal welfare and farm size *** 0.07 cd 0.06 cd abde 0.79 abce cd Small farms are more easily able to implement higher animal welfare requirements than large farms. *** 0.50 ae 0.24 de bcde 1.11 abcd 0.43 ce Animals feel more comfortable on small farms than on large farms. *** 0.81 ae 1.03 ade 0.26 bcde 1.33 abcd 0.65 ace 1 Values marked with letters (a, b, c, d, e) have significant differences between the corresponding clusters (Tamhane s T2 post hoc test); scale from +2= totally agree to -2= totally disagree ; n= *** = variables are significant at P

4 Table S3. Personal characteristics and lifestyle habits of the respondents. Variables 1 Age n.s Share of women * 61.9% 45.9% 43.5% 49.5% 39.0% High school certificate 28.8% 42.2% 28.7% 37.1% 26.0% Still at school/ in apprenticeship 5.9% 10.1% 4.3% 14.4% 6.5% No completed apprenticeship 11.0% 8.3% 7.8% 18.6% 9.1% Responsible for the household (househusband/wife) 12.7% 2.8% 9.6% 8.2% 6.5% Income 3,000-3, % 11.9% 17.4% 19.6% 9.1% Income 4, % 29.4% 17.4% 16.5% 18.2% Religious education as a child Religious lifestyle Place of residence: eastern Germany 18.6% % 28.9% 16.9% Place of residence: northern Germany 9.3% 22.9% 18.3% 15.5% 13.0% Grew up in a small city * 33.3% 22.5% 18.6% 15.7% 9.8% Meat consumption ** 89.8% 97.2% 99.1% 97.9% 93.5% No involvement in agriculture * 52.5% 54.2% 50.4% 68.0% 66.2% Indirect involvement in agriculture through friends or family * 44.9% 45.8% 47.0% 39.9% 29.9% 1 **, * and ns = variables are significant at P 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 (not significant), respectively; scale from +2 = very religious to -2 = not at all religious ; nominal scale: significance in accordance with Chi-square; n=516.

5 Table S4. Purchase behaviour of the consumers. 1 Variables 2 I regularly buy products from animal-friendly production systems. *** 0.64 de 0.62 de ab 0.05 bc I regularly buy products of animal origin from organic production systems. * de b b It is easy to find products from animal-friendly production systems in retail. *** b ace b b For me, good animal welfare is the basis of my decisionmaking when buying products of animal origin. *** 0.78 cde 0.61 ce 0.20 ac 0.24 a ab I always think about the way the animals were kept when buying products of animal origin. *** 0.66 cde a 0.18 a a When buying products of animal origin, I always pay attention whether they have an animal welfare label. *** 0.36 cde a a a For me, price is the basis of my decision-making when buying products of animal origin. *** cde cde 0.14 ab 0.22 ab 0.30 ab I would love to buy products from animal friendly production systems more often, but they are too 0.24 cd 0.12 cd 0.64 ab 0.95 abe 0.38 d expensive. *** Animal welfare labels often try to cheat consumers. * e 0.10 d I feel well-informed by labels about the way the animals were kept. *** b ace b b I trust animal welfare labels. * d 0.01 d ab Willingness to pay a price premium for animal friendly products *** 89.8% 82.6% 75.7% 74.2% 51.9% Groceries purchased at the supermarket * 45.8% 41.3% 56.5% 52.6% 63.6% Meat purchased from a butcher * 19.5% 22.0% 16.5% 8.2% 10.4% 1 ***, * and ns = variables are significant at P 0.001, 0.05and P 0.10 (not significant), respectively. 2 Values marked with letters (a, b, c, d, e) have significant differences between the corresponding clusters (Tamhane s T2 post hoc test); scale from +2 = totally agree to -2 = totally disagree ; n=516.