New York s revitalized grapevine certification program and New York nurseries. Marc Fuchs Associate Professor Cornell University
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1 New York s revitalized grapevine certification program and New York nurseries Marc Fuchs Associate Professor Cornell University
2 Facts about Viruses Viruses can have severe effects on vigor, yield, fruit quality, and productive lifespan of vineyards
3 Leafroll V. vinifera cv. Cabernet franc
4 Pinot noir Healthy Leafroll
5 Red blotch V. vinifera cv. Pinot noir
6 Tomato ringspot virus on Vidal
7 Facts about Viruses Viruses can have severe effects on vigor, yield, fruit quality, and productive lifespan of vineyards No cure in infected vineyards
8 Facts about Viruses Viruses can have severe effects on vigor, yield, fruit quality, and productive lifespan of vineyards No cure in infected vineyards Prophylactic measures - Establish a vineyard with planting material derived from clean, virus-tested stocks
9 Facts about Viruses Viruses can have severe effects on vigor, yield, fruit quality, and productive lifespan of vineyards No cure in infected vineyards Prophylactic measures - Establish a vineyard with planting material derived from clean, virus-tested stocks Certification programs limit the presence and dissemination of viruses in propagation material
10 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Domestic accessions
11 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation Plant Services, UC-Davis, CA Center-grapes Northwest, WSU, Prosser, WA Midwest Tissue Culture&Virus Testing Program, Mountain Groves, MO Southeast Vine Improvement Program, Florida A&M, Tallahassee, FL Eastern Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY Domestic accessions
12 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Diagnostics & Therapy Center Domestic accessions
13 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Domestic accessions
14 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Domestic accessions
15 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Domestic accessions
16 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions
17 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions Audit & Quality Control
18 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions Audit & Quality Control Monitoring
19 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Increase block (G3) Increase block (G4) Increase block (G5) Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions Audit & Quality Control Monitoring
20 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Increase block (G3) Increase block (G4) Increase block (G5) Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions
21 Grapevine Certification: Current Model Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions Foundation Plant Services, UC-Davis, CA Center-grapes Northwest, WSU, Prosser, WA Midwest Tissue Culture&Virus Testing Program, Mountain Groves, MO Southeast Vine Improvement Program, Florida A&M, Tallahassee, FL Eastern Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
22 Grapevine Certification: Model in NY Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions
23 Grapevine Certification: Model in NY Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Domestic accessions Audit & Quality Control
24 Grapevine Certification: Model in NY Imports Center Foundation block (G1) Increase block (G2) Nursery Vineyard Monitoring Domestic accessions Audit & Quality Control
25 Grapevine Certification: Model in NY The planting material is the most valuable and critical input for grape production, juice and wine making Provide an opportunity for making available regionally produced planting material derived from virus-tested stocks Grassroots efforts - closer to the end users
26 Economic Value of Virus-Tested Material Subscribing an insurance against risk, giving the economic losses (impact + management) Comparative analysis of net revenues if: Virus-tested plant material (no virus introduced) Plant material from commercial vineyards (risk of introducing virus roguing & removal) Risk that the propagation material carries the virus: ~ 60% of vineyard blocks (non certified vines) have leafroll ~ 5% of the vines from vineyard blocks used by nurseries actually have leafroll
27 Economic Value of Virus-Tested Material The break-even price premium is 48%: $3.50/vine base price, the break-even premium would be $1.68 for a total price of $5.18 The lower the 60% probability/risk that a vineyard block has leafroll, the lower the premium
28 Economic Value of Virus-Tested Material Selecting planting material is one of the most critical decision for a vineyard manager/owner Selecting planting material derived from virustested stocks will increase vineyard profitability The NY certification program will be successful only if end users actively participate
29 Thank you
30
31 Why Grape Certification? Viruses cause significant loss to grapes Reduce sugar Uneven ripening Reduce yield Lower price
32 What is Grape Certification? Grapevines screened for viruses Resurrecting PART 150. VOLUNTARY PROGRAM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VIRUS-TESTED PLANT MATERIALS
33 What is Grape Certification? Screen for Viruses that cause $$ loss Tomato Ringspot Virus N Tobacco Ringspot Virus N Grapevine Fan Leaf Virus N Grapevine Leaf Roll Associated Viruses x5 Grapevine Red Blotch Associated Virus N = Nematode vectored
34 How do we certify grapes? Testing 1 in 4 of mother block EVERY year ELISA and PCR tests Indexing herbaceous and woody Testing by NYS Ag Experiment Station-Geneva NY Inspection by 3 rd party NYS Horticultural Inspectors Chain of Custody sampling by NYS Horticultural Inspectors
35 How does a nursery do it? Apply to NYS Department of Agriculture Division of Plant Industry Site selection meets NYS requirements Isolation Mother Blocks = 100 feet Nursery Blocks = 30 feet Nematode levels Dagger nematodes below 50nematodes /250cc
36 How does a nursery do it? Plant Source Foundation Plant Services (CA) Prosser in Washington Clean via tissue culture Both Rootstock and Scion must be from a foundation
37 Start Clean and... Monitor State Verifies Protect Investment
38
39 Update at Double A Vineyards
40 2010 Protocol Extensive testing for over 40 viruses including Red Blotch. Micro shoot tip culture to help eliminate crown gall but no certification. The highest level of certification available.
41 Certified Blocks
42 Site Selection and Preparation 80 Acres Chenango Gravelly loam Irrigation System Extensive nematode testing Brown Mustard Cover crops Fallow periods Fertility and Ph Adjustments Clean up of perennial weeds No grapes in over 20 Years
43 Rootstocks Riparia 1103P
44 Scion Selections 150 total selections 62 Vinifera Selections 3 Cab Franc Clones 4 Cab Sauvignon Clones 5 Chardonnay Clones 2 Gewurtztraminer Clones 2 Gruner Veltliner Clones 2 Pinot Gris Clones 4 Pinot Noir Clones 4 Riesling Clones More to Come
45 Scion Selections Cornell Selections University of Minnesota Selections Swenson Varieties Traditional Hybrid Varieties More selections as they become available.
46 Vineyard Design 8FT Row Spacing X 4 FT Vine Spacing VSP Training 150 Vine Rows One variety per row Multiple rows for high volume varieties Drip Irrigation Insect control and chemigaion
47 J Training System
48 Timeline vines planted 18,000 vines 6000 vines Some plants available for sale 2019 and beyond vines will be available in increasing numbers
49 60 Selections Ready to plant
50 Key Practices Aggressive Mealybug control Virus testing Nematode testing Cover crops Winter protection
51 Cost Yes 80 Acres of premium quality land Vineyard Establishment costs Extra care and monitoring costs Profit Capital Costs + Operating + Testing costs+ profit/vines produced /time= Added cost per vine
52 Certified Nursery Stock
53
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