Managing Pests & Disease in the Vineyard. Michael Cook

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1 Managing Pests & Disease in the Vineyard Michael Cook

2 Who is this guy?

3 Challenges Facing Growers 1) Pierce s Disease 2) Pest & Disease Pressure fungal 3) Late Freeze 4) Rain excess and timing 5) Vigor 6) Variety Selection 7) Hail 8) Labor 9) Suppliers 10) Education

4 Diseases

5 ?

6 The Environment Precipitation Heavy Dew High Humidity Levels (dense canopy)

7 Proper Canopy Architecture is CRITICAL

8 How to keep an open canopy in Texas Manage vine vigor irrigate but do not over irrigate be judicious with fertilizer applications, especially N conduct good canopy management practices leaf removal, shoot thinning, summer pruning It s a constant battle of vegetative growth, it needs to be managed

9 The Pathogen Spores are present on wild grapes tolerant cultivars neighboring vineyards old wood that was previously infected pruning trash vineyard floor The pathogen is here, its just a matter of time your vineyard sees them!

10 Host No single variety tolerant of all fungal pathogens Table courtesy of Dr. Justin Scheiner

11 Fungal Pathogens Dormant Trunk Diseases Anthracnose 1 Shoots Phomopsis Powdery Mildew 3-5 Shoots Phomopsis Black rot Powdery Mildew Images courtesy of Dr. Justin Scheiner Shoots Phomopsis Black rot Powdery Mildew Downy Mildew

12 Anthracnose Distribution: everywhere except West TX Conditions for infection: 12 hrs. of leaf wetness, 36 to 90 o F wet conditions promote further spread

13 Phomopsis Distribution: statewide Conditions for infection: rainy weather during early season leaf and cane lesions typically appear in 3 to 4 weeks Images from: Dr. Justin Scheiner and Fritz Westover

14 Black Rot Distribution: statewide Conditions for infection: 50 o F and leaf wetness at optimal temperature (80 o F), only 6 hours of leaf wetness is required Images from: Cornell Cooperative Extension Disease ID Sheet No. 102GFSG-D4

15 Powdery Mildew Distribution: statewide Conditions for infection: 50 o F and 0.1 rain moisture is not required after initial infection

16 Downey Mildew Distribution: everywhere except West TX Conditions for infection: 52 o F and 0.1 rain 4 to 5 day cycle if conditions are favorable (warm and moist)

17 Fungicides When are grapes susceptible to disease? All season most critical period is 2 weeks before bloom through 4-6 weeks post-bloom use your best systemic products at this time Grape varieties + phenology + diseases + weather + fungicides

18 Fungal Control Solutions 1. Develop your own spray management strategy 2. Scout for disease, not just on the weekends 3. Keep that canopy open 4. Monitor weather conditions as if you were a meteorologist 5. Keep good spray notes 6. Be adaptable (do not rely on a rigid spray plan) 7. Change nozzles/filters and calibrate sprayer

19 Rotate to Prevent Resistance

20 Follow the Label..It s the Law!

21 Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTD s) over 20 fungal pathogens responsible, usually found as a complex slow spreading disease symptoms more noticeable with older vineyards spread by injury (pruning wounds, freeze damage, etc.) looking for dead spots, internal tissue discoloration, splits/cracks, foliar symptoms

22 Eutypa Images courtesy of Dr. Justin Scheiner

23 Esca

24 Cotton Root Rot (CRR) found on calcareous sites (soil ph 7.0 +) found across the state look for vine collapse during stress periods, leaves attached vine often pulls out of ground easily (roots rotted) confirm by sending off sample to lab Rogue or Topguard Terra Image courtesy of Dr. Justin Scheiner

25 Bunch Rots Botrytis Bitter Rot Sour Rot Ripe Rot

26 Bunch Rots Spread via wounding Fruit splitting/cracking Insect Damage Fungal Damage Vertebrate Damage

27 Bacterial Diseases Crown Gall Pierce s Disease Crown Gall Agrobacterium vitis Survives systemically Injury (freeze, weed eater) activates Leads to vine decline and death ROGUE NO CURE

28 Disease Testing

29 Insect Pests

30

31 Insect Solutions Manage pest population Chemically with insecticides foliar spray or chemigation Culturally clean up property suppress weeds Biologically most not economically feasible commercially

32 Pheromone Traps

33 Get ready for a great 2018! 1. check stock of chemicals/fertilizers 2. vine health check disease management 3. Chemigation/irrigation inspection 4. sprayer calibration check nozzles & output 5. go over spray management program

34 Further Resources winegrapes.tamu.edu Growing Grapes in Texas Jim Kamas Texas Grape Pest Management Guide Compendium

35 Any Questions? Texas Viticulture & Enology

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