Responses of Vitis vinifera Pinot gris Grapevines to Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA): I. Yield, Fruit Quality, Dormancy, and Freezing Tolerance

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Responses of Vitis vinifera Pinot gris Grapevines to Exogenous Abscisic Acid (ABA): I. Yield, Fruit Quality, Dormancy, and Freezing Tolerance"

Transcription

1 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: DOI.07/s Responses of Vitis vinifer Pinot gris Grpevines to Exogenous Ascisic Acid (ABA): I. Yield, Fruit Qulity, Dormncy, nd Freezing Tolernce Shouxin Li 1 Imed E. Dmi 1 Received: 6 Ferury 15 / Accepted: 3 June 15 / Pulished online: 4 August 15 The Author(s) 15. This rticle is pulished with open ccess t Springerlink.com Astrct Economic losses due to cold wether events re mjor constrint to the expnsion of premium ut coldsensitive winegrpe cultivrs in colder regions, such s Ohio (USDA) Plnt Hrdiness Zones 6 5 (-17.8 to C) (ARS-USDA 12). The purpose of this study ws to determine whether folir ppliction of scisic cid (ABA) could increse the freezing tolernce (FT) of field-grown Pinot gris grpevines (Vitis vinifer), nd whether the effectiveness of ABA tretments cn e influenced y the phenologicl timing of the ppliction. Mture Pinot gris grpevines were treted with folir ppliction of ABA t concentrtion of 0 mg L -1 (control), or 0 mg L -1 t vine phenologicl stges corresponding to vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest. ABA ppliction did not ffect yield components, fruit composition, or vegettive growth, ut cused erly lef senescence, lef scission, nd dvnced dormncy tht led to incresed FT of Pinot gris during the dormnt seson. The phenologicl timing of ppliction influenced ABA effectiveness, with spry pplictions mde t vérison nd post-vérison eing the most effective. It ws concluded tht folir ppliction of ABA incresed ud FT during the dormnt seson, nd thus, ABA is potentil culturl prctice tool for mitigting economic losses from cold injury in production regions with dmging cold events. Keywords Freezing tolernce Dormncy Therml nlysis Low-temperture exotherm Cold injury & Imed E. Dmi dmi.1@osu.edu 1 Deprtment of Horticulture nd Crop Science, Ohio Agriculturl Reserch nd Development Center, The Ohio Stte University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA Introduction Grpe production regions in the northern U.S. hve experienced sustntil economic losses in production due to cold wether events in 03, 04, 05, 09, 12, nd 14 (Zdl nd others 07; Dmi nd others 12, 14). The stte of Ohio hs experienced consecutive freezing-relted losses of grpe production over the pst 5 yers, with the gretest loss in 14 (Dmi nd others 14; Dmi nd Lewis 14). The recent wether events re of gret concern s they threten the expnsion of Vitis vinifer crege nd production nd thus their economic sustinility not only in Ohio (USDA Plnt Hrdiness Zones 6 5 (-17.8 to C) (ARS-USDA 12) ut lso in other regions tht experience winter su-freezing events. To mitigte the thret of cold dmge in grpes, vrious protection methods hve een developed, with the purpose of either chnging the environmentl conditions in the vineyrd or improving the FT of grpevines. Active methods involve protection immeditely prior to or during the freeze event nd include the use of wind mchines, heters, nd over-vine wter sprinklers (Poling 08). Preventtive methods involve protection long prior to freeze event such s site nd vriety selection (Zdl nd others 07) nd the ppliction of chemicl protectnts (Dmi nd Bem 04). Among the chemicl protectnts, folir pplictions of the plnt growth regultor ABA hve een found to increse FT in vrious plnt species including Aridopsis (Mntyl nd others 1995), silver irch (Li nd others 03), rley (Brvo nd others 1998), rye (Churchill nd others 1998), whet (Dllire nd others 1994), chickpe (Kumr nd others 08), potto (Mor- Herrer nd Lopez-Delgelo 07), sugr mple (Bertrnd nd others 1997), nd pple (Guk nd Fuchigmi 01). Previous work y Dmi s group hs demonstrted tht

2 246 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: ABA lso incresed FT of grpe species (Zhng nd Dmi 12, 12; Dmi nd others 15). The cultivr, Vitis vinifer, Pinot gris, is cold sensitive nd widely plnted in production regions where winter wether events commonly cuse cold injury (Zdl nd others 07). However, it is not known whether ABA would improve the FT of this economiclly importnt cultivr. Therefore, the purpose of this study ws to investigte whether folir ppliction of ABA nd the phenologicl timing of this ppliction would enhnce the FT of Pinot gris without dversely ffecting its reproductive or vegettive growth. Mterils nd Methods Plnt Mteril nd Tretments The field study ws conducted t the Ashtul Agriculturl Reserch Sttion (AARS), in Kingsville in northest Ohio (USDA Plnt Hrdiness Zone 6 (-17.8 to -.6 C) (ARS-USDA 12). Pinot gris grpevines (Clone 146, rootstock 1-14) were plnted in 1995 t AARS nd vines were spced m 2 (vine 9 row). Grpevines were trined to ilterl low cordon trining system with verticlly shoot positioned (VSP), nd spur pruned to 15 uds per meter of cordon. Tretments were pplied on vines using rndomized complete lock with four locks nd four tretments ech consisting of 4-vine plots ordered y untreted uffer vines (2 4). The four tretments consisted of the following: (1) control (no ABA), (2) ABA pplied t % vérison ( % erry softening nd color chnge), (3) ABA pplied t postvérison (2 3 weeks fter % vérison), nd (4) ABA pplied t posthrvest (6 8 weeks fter % vérison). ABA nd control (no ABA) folir spry solutions were prepred using deionized wter nd the spreder-sticker Ltron B-1956 (Dow AgroScience, Midlnd, MI) t 0.05 % (v/v). The ABA solutions contining 0 mg L -1 were prepred using Protone SG (Vlent BioSciences Corportion, Liertyville, IL) which contins.0 % (w/ sderw) s-aba s the ctive ingredient. The sprys were pplied to oth sides of the vine cnopy (leves nd clusters) using ckpck spryer tht verged spry volume of 0.5 L per vine. The experiments were repeted for two growing sesons (12 nd 13). Lef Senescence nd Ascission In 12, lef senescence ws visully oserved, nd photos were tken of ll tretments. Lef scission ws determined y counting leves per shoot pre- nd post-aba ppliction nd computing lef scission percentge. In 13, lef senescence ws monitored y mesuring chlorophyll content using SPAD-5 chlorophyll meter (Spectrum Technologies, Inc. Est-Plinfield, IL). Four shoots (one shoot per vine) were rndomly tgged per tretment-replicte, nd chlorophyll mesurements were recorded i-weekly on the upper surfce of the sl four leves (node position 4, 5, 6, 7). Lef scission ws lso recorded t the sme time nd on the sme shoots s descried ove. Yield, Fruit Qulity, nd Vegettive Growth Yield components consisted of collecting crop weight per vine, cluster numer per vine, nd computing cluster weight (crop weight/cluster numer). A 0-erry smple from ech tretment-replicte ws collected t hrvest nd weighed using n electronic scle (Denver Instrument, Bohemi, NY), nd the erry numer per cluster ws clculted [(cluster weight/0-erry weight) 9 0]. The 0-erry smple ws crushed on the dy of smpling to ssess fruit composition y mesuring three sic prmeters: solule solids (SS), ph, nd titrtle cidity (TA). The relesed juice ws pressed through cheesecloth nd used to mesure SS (%) with digitl refrctometer (MISCO, Clevelnd, OH), ph with ph electrode (London Scientific, London, Cnd), nd TA y titrting 5 ml of juice with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NOH) to ph endpoint of 8.2 using n utomtic titrtor (PH/EP Titrtion Worksttion Model 3/352) with SAC80 Smple chnge (Denver Instrument, Bohemi, NY). The nnul vegettive growth ws estimted from the weight of one-yer-old cnes/vine, nd determined from vines left unpruned (not smpled for freezing tests) in ech tretment-replicte. The Rvz index, lso referred to s crop lod, ws clculted s the rtio of crop weight to pruning weight per vine (Rvz 1903). Bud Dormncy Bud smples were collected monthly from 31Aug 12 to 21 Mr 13 in the first yer of study nd from 6 Sept 13 to 21 Nov 13 in the second yer of study. All dormncy ssys were conducted on the sme dy of smple collection nd followed the method reported y Zhng nd others (11). Eighteen single-node cuttings were prepred from totl of 24 uds on three eight-node cnes. Cnes with visile periderm formtion were excised into one-node cuttings out 5-cm long, then inserted into cm 2 fom medium (Smithers-Osis, Kent, OH) nd plced in cm 3 plstic trys (T.O. Plstics, Clerwter, MN) filled with deionized wter. Trys were then plced under forcing conditions in growth chmer (Conviron, Pemin, ND) with the following settings: 12-h photoperiod with 0 lmol m -2 s -1, 22 C, nd % reltive

3 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: humidity (Zhng nd Dmi 12). Budurst ws recorded s Eichhorn-Lorenz (EL) stge 5 (Eichhorn nd Lorenz 1977) nd monitored three times per week for dys. Dormncy ws estimted s the numer of dys to % udurst (DBB), with higher vlues of DBB indicting more dormnt uds (Wke nd Fennell 00). Freezing Tolernce One-yer-old cnes with seven sl uds (node positions three to nine) were collected from ech tretment-replicte. The cnes were wrpped in plstic gs nd plced in cooler with ice pcks nd shipped overnight to the lortory in Wooster. Cnes were stored in refrigertor t 4 C, nd freezing tests were conducted within 48 h from time of collection. FT ws determined y therml nlysis descried riefly s follows. Buds were excised nd plced on thermoelectric modules (MELCOR, Trenton, NJ), which were plced in temperture-controlled chmer (Tenney ; Therml Products Solutions, New Columi, PA). The chmer temperture ws held t -2 C for min nd then lowered to - C t the rte of 4 C h -1. The FT of uds ws determined y identifying the medin or men low-temperture exotherm (MLTE), which corresponds to the lethl temperture tht kills % of the popultion, or LT (Wolf nd Pool 1987). Cnes for freezing tests were collected t the sme times s those used to determine ud dormncy from 31 Aug 12 to 21 Mr 13 in the first yer of study nd from 6 Sept 13 to 21 Nov 13 in the second yer of study. On 7 Jn 14, the vineyrd site experienced sufreezing events with minimum low temperture of C. This temperture ws lower thn the LT of Pinot gris (-21.3 C) mesured on 25 Nov 13. As result, cnes were collected to ssess the extent of cold dmge. On 13 Jn 14, ten cnes with ten uds (node position one to ten) per cne were collected from ech tretment-repliction comintion nd stored for 24 h t room temperture. Buds were excised using rzor ldes to visully ssess the viility of primry, secondry, nd tertiry uds s well s cne phloem tissue nd ctegorized s ded or live sed upon the presence or sence of rown tissue (Dmi nd others 12). Winter injury ws expressed s percentge y dividing the numer of dmged uds or cnes with ded tissue y the smple size nd multiplying y 0. Field Budurst After pruning in 13, the totl numer of uds per vine ws counted nd recorded. Budurst ws quntified y recording the percent of uds per vine t the EL (Eichhorn nd Lorenz 1977) stge 5 nd monitored three times per week until 80 % or more of uds urst. Budurst ws not evluted in 14 ecuse of winterkill. Wether Dt nd Sttisticl Anlysis Dily minimum nd mximum tempertures were collected nd recorded y the wether sttion locted t the AARS reserch vineyrd in Kingsville (OARDC Wether Sttion System 14). Cumultive growing-degree dys (GDD), which indicte the growing seson het, were computed s cumultive dily men tempertures with se C from 1 Apr. to 31 Oct. The dtes of first fll frost events, which correspond to the dte of the first occurrence of temperture elow 0 C in the fll, were lso recorded. Frost-free dys (FFD), which indicte the growing seson durtion, were computed s the successive numer of dys with minimum dily temperture t or ove 0 C. Dys fter udurst (DAB) indicte the numer of dys from udurst to the corresponding vine phenologicl stge (Tle 1). All dt were sujected to nlysis of vrince using SAS sttisticl softwre (version 9.3; SAS Institute, Cry, NC). When tretments were sttisticlly different, n LSD test ws used for men comprison (P B 0.05). Results ABA Appliction Dtes nd Corresponding Wether nd Phenology In oth yers, ABA pplictions t vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest corresponded to the following GDD rnges: , , nd , respectively (Tle 1). ABA pplictions t the three phenologicl stges lso corresponded to the following DAB rnges 5 7, 1 134, nd , respectively. In yer 1, grpes were hrvested on 19 Sept 12, nd the cumultive GDD ws 1637 with 191 FFD. In yer 2, grpes were hrvested on 24 Sept 13, nd the cumultive GDD ws 1438 with 199 FFD (Tle 1). Lef Senescence nd Ascission In erly Octoer of 12, ABA-treted Pinot gris grpevines showed color chnge of leves erlier thn the untreted (control) vines with incresed intensity of yellowing from vérison to posthrvest tretment (Fig. 1). During the sme period of time, no differences of lef scission were oserved mong tretments (* %) except for posthrvest tretment (*80 %), which exhiited the erliest defolition (Figs. 1, 2). In 13, lef senescence ws monitored sed on chlorophyll content, which ws stedy in Septemer then declined in Octoer in oth

4 248 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Tle 1 Ascisic cid (ABA) ppliction dtes (t ve rison, post-ve rison, nd posthrvest) nd hrvest dtes nd corresponding growing degree dys (GDD) nd dys fter udurst (DAB) reltive to the phenology of Pinot gris Ve rison Dte Post-ve rison GDD Hrvest Posthrvest GDDc FFDd DAB Dte GDD DAB Dte GDD DAB Dte GDD DAB 5 31Aug Sept Sept Sept Sept Oct Yer 1 (12) 16 Aug Yer 2 (13) 21Aug 943 GDD cumultive dily men tempertures with se C from 1 Apr. through dte of corresponding stge of development DAB dys fter udurst c GDD cumultive dily men tempertures with se C from 1 Apr. through 31 Oct d FFD successive dys with minimum dily tempertures t or ove 0 C Fig. 1 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on lef senescence nd scission of Pinot gris grpevines grown in Kingsville, OH. Photos were tken on 09 Oct 12 nd 17 Oct 12. Grpevines were spryed with 0 mg L-1 (control) nd 0 mg L-1 ABA t % ve rison on 16 Aug 12, postve rison on 31 Aug 12, nd posthrvest on 28 Sept 12. Note: incresed yellowing of leves s ABA ws pplied lter in the seson from ve rison to posthrvest, which hd the most scised leves Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest control nd ABA-treted leves. There were no tretment differences on ll dtes except on 11 Oct (Fig. 3). ABA cused erly nd incresed lef scission nd resulted in nerly complete defolition in post-ve rison-treted vines y hrvest time (Fig. 2). Similr to yer 1, posthrvest ABA cused complete scission dys fter ppliction, while control vines hd % defolition (Fig. 2). Yield, Fruit Qulity, nd Vegettive Growth In oth yers, ABA did not ffect yield components or the sic fruit chemicl composition of Pinot gris. During the 2-yer study, the men rnges of yield components nd fruit compositions t hrvest were kg/vine yield, clusters/vine, g cluster weight, 55 80

5 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Fig. 2 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on lef scission of Pinot gris grpevines grown in Kingsville in 12 nd 13. In 12,, vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest tretments corresponded to ABA ppliction on 16 Aug 12, 31 Aug 12, nd 28 Sept 12, respectively. In 13,, vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest tretments corresponded to ABA ppliction on 21 Aug 13, 17 Sept 13, nd 11 Oct 13, respectively. Different letters indicte sttisticl significnce t p B 0.05 Ascised leves (%) Ascised leves (%) Oct Oct Oct-12 Oserv on dte c Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest 0 6-Sep Sep Oct-13 Oserv on dte Fig. 3 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on chlorophyll content of Pinot gris grpevines grown in Kingsville in 13. For clrity, only one ABA plot ws presented which ws the verge of vérison (ABA spryed on 21 Aug 13), postvérison (ABA spryed on 17 Sept 13), nd posthrvest (ABA spryed on 11 Oct 13). Different letters indicte sttisticl significnce t p B 0.05 Chlorophyll content (SPAD units) ABA 6-Sep Sep Oct Oct-13 Oservtion dte erries/cluster, g erry weight, Brix SS, ph, nd g L -1 TA (Tle 2). The pruning weight, n indictor of vegettive growth, lso showed no response to ABA tretment nd rnged etween 0.5 nd 0.65 kg/vine (Tle 2). The Rvz index, n indictor of lnce etween reproductive nd vegettive growth, rnged etween 4.2 nd 6.4 during the 2-yer study nd ws not different mong tretments (Tle 2). Furthermore, the Rvz index mong ll tretments ws within the optimum rnge of 5 suggesting tht vines were lnced (Smrt nd Roinson 1991). Bud Dormncy In oth yers, DBB rnged from 15 to 45 indicting tht vines trnsitioned from non-dormnt to dormnt stte, respectively. Under forcing conditions, the pttern of udurst ws similr in oth yers nd mong tretments.

6 2 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Tle 2 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on yield components, fruit composition, nd vine size in Pinot gris grpevines grown in Kingsville, Ohio Tretment Yield/vine (kg) Clusters/ vine Cluster wt (g) Berries/cluster Berry wt (g) Pruning wt/ vine (kg) Rvz index SS ( Brix) ph Titrtle cidity (g L -1 ) Hrvest: 19 Sept 12 (no ABA) Vérison Postvérison Posthrvest Significnce d NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Hrvest: 24 Sept 13 (no ABA) Vérison Postvérison Posthrvest Significnce NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS SS Solule solid, NS Not significnt Vérison, post-vérison, posthrvest: ABA spryed t % vérison, nd dys fter % vérison, respectively Rvz index ws clculted y dividing totl yield per vine y the pruning weight recorded during the winter following ech seson Vlues of DBB of single-node cuttings strted low in lte summer nd then incresed stedily towrd the utumn seson reching mximum vlues in mid-(yer 12) to lte-(yer 13) Octoer, indicting tht Pinot gris entered the deepest dormncy stte (Fig. 4). Vlues of DBB typiclly decresed rpidly fter peking in Octoer (17 Oct in 12 nd Oct in 13) nd reched lowest vlues on 21 Mrch 13 (Fig. 4, ). Even though the dormncy pttern ws the sme mong ll tretments, ABA-treted vines hd delyed udurst compred to control, nd the mgnitude of the dely vried with tretment nd seson. In the first study yer, post-vérison ppliction showed the most significnt dely of udurst under forcing conditions, nd verged 6 dys from mid- Octoer to erly Jnury (Fig. 4). In the second study yer, vérison ppliction cused the most udurst dely verging 7 dys from erly Septemer to lte Novemer. The dely of udurst is indictive tht ABA-treted vines entered deeper dormncy thn the untreted vines. In oth yers, the lter ABA ppliction during posthrvest did not ffect ud dormncy (dt not shown). Freezing Tolernce During the dormnt seson, the first fll frost occurred on 12 Oct 12, nd the lowest temperture (-16.3 C) occurred on 18 Fe 13 (Fig. 5). Throughout the dormnt seson, the minimum ir tempertures were higher thn the lowest LT indicting tht the criticl tempertures to cuse tissue dmge were not reched. Exogenous ABA incresed ud FT of Pinot gris throughout the dormnt seson prticulrly during the cold cclimtion nd decclimtion stges (Fig. 6). Vérison nd post-vérison pplictions were the most effective nd incresed FT y n verge of 2.3 C during the utumn cclimtion (lte August mid-decemer) nd 2 C during the lte winter decclimtion (lte Ferury lte Mrch) (Fig. 6). During the seson, the first fll frost occurred on 29 Nov 13 (Fig. 5). During the period etween Jnury nd Mrch, minimum tempertures elow - C occurred nine times nd rnged from to C. These tempertures were colder thn midwinter LT, indicting tht the criticl tempertures to cuse tissue dmge were reched. Therefore, freezing tests were only conducted from 6 Sept. to 25 Nov 13 nd were interrupted fter the lethl freezing events. Bud smples were collected fter these su-freezing events to determine tissue dmge. In the second study yer, ABA pplictions t vérison nd post-vérison were gin the most effective nd incresed the FT of Pinot gris y n verge of 2.2 C during the utumn cclimtion (erly Septemer to lte Novemer). Following the successive temperture events elow - C, primry, secondry, nd tertiry uds sustined 0 % dmge. However, phloem cne

7 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Fig. 4 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on ud dormncy (dys to % udurst) on Pinot gris grown in Kingsville during nd sesons. For clrity, only control nd ABA tretments with significnt effect re presented. In 12, ABA (postvérison) ws spryed on 31 Aug 12. In 13, ABA (vérison) ws spryed on 21 Aug 13. Different letters indicte sttisticl significnce t p B 0.05 Dys to % udrust ABA (post-vérison) 5-Oct Oct Nov Dec-12 9-Jn Fe Mr-13 Collec on dte Dys to % udrust ABA (vérison) 6-Sep-13 4-Oct-13 -Oct Nov-13 Collec on dte injury ws highest in control ( %) nd lowest in ABAtreted (0 %) vines (Tle 3). Field Budurst On 6 My, udurst in ABA-treted ws lower (verge 34 %) thn tht in control vines (56 %), indicting dely of udurst. However, the udurst dely ws not oserved on My 8 nd susequent dtes (Tle 4). Discussion Influence of ABA on Yield, Fruit Qulity, Dormncy, Freezing Tolernce, nd Budurst ABA did not impct negtively yield components, fruit composition, or vegettive growth of Pinot gris. These findings re consistent with previous reports on oth tle grpes (Lurie nd others 09; Peppi nd others 07) nd wine grpes including Cernet frnc (Zhng nd Dmi 12), Chmourcin (Zhng nd Dmi 12), nd Chrdonny (Dmi nd others 15). The lef senescence pttern in Pinot gris ws similr to tht reported in Cernet frnc (Zhng nd others 11; Zhng nd Dmi 12) nd Chmourcin (Zhng nd Dmi 12). These studies reported reduction of chlorophyll concentrtion in Octoer, which ws the sme time s with Pinot gris. The decrese of chlorophyll content is indictive of the slowdown of photosynthesis nd initition of lef senescence (Evns 1996). The ppliction of exogenous ABA cused erly lef senescence nd scission in Pinot gris. ABA s effects on lef color chnge nd scission incresed when pplied t lter phenologicl stges corresponding to pplictions on older leves ( DAB). These findings support previous studies tht demonstrted tht only older leves (DAB C 1) were responsive to ABA, y ccelerting lef scission in treted versus untreted greenhousegrown Vitis Cernet frnc grpevines (Zhng nd others 11). Interestingly, ABA seems to e most effective in reducing chlorophyll content thus hstening senescence t the sme time of the yer nd corresponding to DAB C 1 regrdless of vriety used. It hs een reported tht lef senescence is linked with ABA ccumultion (Dong nd others 08), y upregulting senescence genes (Prk nd others 1998). The dely of udurst in ABA-treted vines suggests tht ABA induced deeper dormncy thn in untreted vines. These results concur with previous studies with pple (Guk

8 252 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Mx Air Temp ( C) Min Air Temp ( C) BB (6-My-13) Temperture ( C) 0 - FF (12-Oct-12) - - Dte Mx Air Temp ( C) Min Air Temp ( C) Temperture ( C) 0 - FF (29-Nov-13) - - Fig. 5 Dily minimum nd mximum tempertures nd dtes of fll frost (FF) nd udurst (BB) recorded t the Pinot gris reserch vineyrd in Kingsville in study yer 1 (12 13), nd study yer 2 (13 14) Dte nd Fuchigmi 01) nd grpe (Zhng nd others 11; Zhng nd Dmi 12, ). Furthermore, the ppliction timing (vérison nd post-vérison) of ABA effectiveness ws similr to tht reported with two other grpe cultivrs, Cernet frnc (Zhng nd Dmi 12) nd Chmourcin (Zhng nd Dmi 12). It is known tht ABA is positive regultor of dormncy induction (Kucer nd others 05) nd tht its concentrtion increses during dormncy nd is highest t the deepest dormncy stte (Or nd others 00). Even though ABA concentrtion ws not mesured in this study, it is likely tht the ppliction of folir ABA led to n increse in endogenous ABA, which induced mximum dormncy. Moreover, ABA-treted vines reched the sme level of dormncy (DBB *35) 26 dys erlier thn untreted vines, suggesting tht ABA dvnced dormncy induction in Pinot gris (Fig. 4). This response is desirle ecuse it would llow n erly cold cclimtion nd the cquisition of mximum FT. Our findings tht exogenous ABA incresed the ud FT of Pinot gris support the results reported in severl woody

9 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: plnts including grpes (Bertrnd nd others 1997; Dmi nd others 15; Guk nd Fuchigmi 01; Zhng nd Dmi 12, ). In Pinot gris, vérison nd post-vérison LT ( C) LT ( C) c 31-Aug-12 6-Sep-13 c 5-Oct Oct-12 4-Oct Nov Dec-12 Collec on dte Collec on dte Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest -Oct-13 9-Jn Fe Nov Mr-13 Vérison Post-vérison Post-hrvest Fig. 6 Effect of ABA on freezing tolernce (LT ) in Pinot gris grpevines grown in Kingsville during nd sesons. In 12,, vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest tretments corresponded to ABA ppliction on 16 Aug 12, 31 Aug 12, nd 28 Sept 12, respectively. In 13,, vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest tretments corresponded to ABA ppliction on 21 Aug 13, 17 Sept 13, nd 11 Oct 13, respectively. Different letters indicte sttisticl significnce t p B 0.05 ABA tretments hd the lowest LT s nd gined n verge of 2 C in FT during the utumn cold cclimtion in oth yers nd during decclimtion in the first yer. These findings re similr to those reported in other grpe vrieties. ABA pplied t vérison nd post-vérison incresed ud FT y up to 4.2 C in Cernet frnc etween lte Octoer nd lte Ferury (Zhng nd Dmi 12) nd 3.5 C in Chmourcin etween erly Novemer nd lte Ferury (Zhng nd Dmi 12). A multi-loction study with Chrdonny confirmed the effectiveness of ABA, nd its ppliction timing with FT increses etween 1 nd 3.3 C (Dmi nd others 15). The freezing events in 14 provided n opportunity to evlute the effectiveness of ABA on field-tested Pinot gris vines. Unfortuntely, the dmge ws totl mong ll types of uds nd ll tretments. The resons for the ineffectiveness of ABA cn e explined s follows. The lowest FT of Pinot gris or LT ws C prior to the occurrence of C, which ws 4 C, lower thn the ud tissue criticl or lethl temperture. Our l freezing tests consistently showed tht ABA incresed FT y n verge of 2 C, compred to the control during tht time of the yer. Therefore, it is possile tht ABA provided 2 C of cold protection in treted uds, ut n dditionl Tle 4 Effect of scisic cid (ABA) on udurst (%) of Pinot gris grpevines t different oservtion dtes in 13 Tretment 6 My 8 My My 13 My 16 My (no ABA) Vérison Post-vérison c Posthrvest 28c Significnce * NS NS NS NS Vérison, post-vérison, posthrvest: ABA spryed t % vérison, nd dys fter % vérison, respectively NS, *, **, nd *** not significnt, significnt t p B 0.05, 0.01, nd 0.001, respectively Tle 3 Bud nd cne phloem dmge of Pinot gris fter sufreezing events (-25.3 C) on 7 Jn 14 Tretment Bud dmge (%) Cne phloem dmge (%) Primry ud Secondry ud Tertiry ud (no ABA) Vérison Post-vérison Posthrvest c Significnce NS NS NS * Vérison, post-vérison, posthrvest: ABA spryed t % vérison, nd dys fter % vérison, respectively NS, *, **, nd *** not significnt, significnt t p B 0.05, 0.01, nd 0.001, respectively Smples were collected on 13 Jn 14

10 254 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: C of protection ws needed. Previously, we demonstrted tht ABA ws effective to protect Cernet frnc from n ctul freezing event (Zhng nd Dmi 12). The sitution then ws different ecuse the minimum ir tempertures were wrmer (-19 to -23 C in two loctions) in 11 thn in 14 (-25.3 C). Further, the minimum tempertures experienced in 11 were ner the LT of Cernet frnc. This ws not the cse in 14 where the minimum tempertures were much lower thn the LT. Nevertheless, it ws interesting to oserve the lest injury of the vsculr tissue (phloem) in ABA-treted vines. This response could e very significnt where ABA could protect the permnent structures such s the cordons nd trunks of the vine from freezing injury. However, this needs further investigtion. ABA Effectiveness in Reltion to Appliction Timing In this study, the timing of ABA ppliction ws determined using three methods: (1) phenologicl stges, (2) GDD, nd (3) DAB corresponding to the respective phenologicl stges. Even though ABA ws pplied t the sme phenologicl stges (tht is, vérison, post-vérison, nd posthrvest) in oth yers of the study, the corresponding GDDs were different. GDD vried t vérison ( , or.7 % vriility from yer 1 to yer 2), post-vérison ( , or 0.3 % vriility), nd posthrvest ( , or 14.2 % vriility) (Tle 1). However, when time of ABA ppliction ws expressed s DAB, the vriility ws not s lrge s with GDD. DAB t vérison corresponded to 5 7 (or 1.9 % vriility from yer 1 to yer 2), DAB t post-vérison ws (or 11.7 % vriility), nd DAB t posthrvest ws (or 6.7 % vriility). Becuse ABA ws most effective etween vérison (yer 2) nd post-vérison (yer 1), its ppliction corresponded to DAB etween 7 nd 134, respectively. The rnge of DAB, in which leves were responsive to exogenous ABA in Pinot gris, ws similr to tht reported in Chrdonny (DAB = ) (Dmi nd others 15), Cernet frnc (DAB = 1 1) (Zhng nd Dmi 12), nd Chmourcin (DAB = 1 1) (Zhng nd Dmi 12). The consistency of the effectiveness of ABA timing sed on DAB suggests tht lef ge influenced the sensitivity to exogenous ABA nd its role on susequent physiologicl chnges including dormncy induction nd cquisition of FT. Becuse the effectiveness of exogenous ABA is optimum t nrrow time period nd DAB showed the lest vriility, it is criticl to define more ccurtely the timing nd the conditions involved during the spry ppliction sed on DAB. Therefore, it is suggested tht lef ge estimte using DAB is more ccurte indictor for timing of ABA ppliction thn the phenologicl stge of the vine. In conclusion, exogenous ABA ppliction t concentrtions of 0 mg L -1 effectively dvnced nd induced deeper dormncy nd improved the ud FT of Pinot gris without dversely ffecting vine size, yield, or fruit qulity. The optimum time to spry ABA on Pinot gris ws etween vérison nd 3 weeks post-vérison corresponding to lef ge etween DAB = 7 nd 134. The findings of this study confirmed tht ABA might provide n dditionl tool to protect Pinot gris from freezing dmge in cold regions. Acknowledgments This reserch ws funded y the Deprtment of Horticulture nd Crop Science, USDA/NIFA Specilty Crops Reserch Inititive Awrd Numer USDA-NIFA, nd Ohio Grpe Industry Progrm. We thnk Mr. Greg Jones, Ms. Yvonne Woodworth for mintining the reserch vineyrd t AARS. Ms. Dine Kinney, Mr. Thoms Todro, Ms. Ntlie Fry, Ms. Lis Roins, Mr. Steven Prk, nd Ms. Biley Miller deserve specil thnks for their ssistnce throughout the durtion of this project. Open Access This rticle is distriuted under the terms of the Cretive Commons Attriution 4.0 Interntionl License ( tivecommons.org/licenses/y/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distriution, nd reproduction in ny medium, provided you give pproprite credit to the originl uthor(s) nd the source, provide link to the Cretive Commons license, nd indicte if chnges were mde. References Agriculturl Reserch Service, U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture (12) USDA Plnt Hrdiness Zone Mp. rs.usd.gov Bertrnd A, Roitille G, Cstonguy Y, Ndeu P, Boutin R (1997) Chnges in ABA nd gene expression in cold-cclimted sugr mple. Tree Physiol 17:31 37 Brvo LA, Zunig GE, Alerdi M, Corcuer LJ (1998) The role of ABA in freezing tolernce nd cold cclimtion in rley. Physiol Plnt 3:17 23 Churchill GC, Reney MJT, Arms SR, Lwrence VG (1998) Effects of scisic cid nd scisic cid nlogs on the induction of FT of winter rye (Secle cerele L.) seedlings. Plnt Growth Regult 25:35 45 Dllire S, Houde M, Ggne Y, Sini HS, Boileu S, Chevrier N, Srhn F (1994) ABA nd low-temperture induce freezing tolernce vi distinct regultory pthwys in whet. Plnt Cell Physiol 35:1 9 Dmi IE, Bem BA (04) Response of grpevines to soyen oil ppliction. Am J Enol Vitic 55: Dmi IE, Lewis D (14) 14 Grpe Winter Dmge Survey Report. Deprtment of Horticulture nd Crop Science Series #816. The Ohio Stte University Dmi IE, Ennhli S, Zhng Y (12) Assessment of winter injury in grpe cultivrs nd pruning strtegies following freezing stress event. Am J Enol Vitic 63:6 111 Dmi IE, Kinney D, Li S (14) Polr vortex nd its impct on grpes. Ohio Grpe-Wine Electronic Newsletter Jn 14 (Specil Issue):2 6

11 J Plnt Growth Regul (16) 35: Dmi IE, Li S, Bowen P, Bogdnoff C, Shellie K, Willwerth J (15) Folir pplied scisic cid increses ud freezing tolernce of Chrdonny grpevines during utumn cold cclimtion. HortTechnology 23:1 13 Dong H, Niu Y, Li W, Zhng D (08) Effects of cotton rootstock on endogenous cytokinins nd scisic cid in xylem sp nd leves in reltion to lef senescence. J Exp Bot 59: Eichhorn KW, Lorenz DH (1977) Phenologicl development stges of the grpevine. Nchrichtenl Dt Pflnzenschutzd 29:119 1 Evns JR (1996) Developmentl constrints on photosynthesis: effects of light nd nutrition. In: Photosynthesis nd the environment. Kluwer Acdemic Pulishers, The Netherlnds, pp Guk S, Fuchigmi LH (01) Effects of pplied ABA on growth cesstion, ud dormncy, cold cclimtion, lef senescence nd N moiliztion in pple nursery plnts. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 76: Kucer B, Cohn MA, Leuner-Metzger G (05) Plnt hormone interctions during seed dormncy relese nd germintion. Seed Sci Res 15:281 7 Kumr S, Kur G, Nyyr H (08) Exogenous ppliction of scisic cid improves cold tolernce in chickpe (Cicer rietinum L.). J Agron Crop Sci 194: Li C, Junttil O, Heino P, Plv TE (03) Different responses of northern nd southern ecotypes of Betul pendul to exogenous ABA ppliction. Tree Physiol 23: Lurie S, Ovdi R, Nissim-Levi A, Oren-Shmir M, Kplunov T, Zuthy Y, Weksler H, Lichter A (09) Ascisic cid improves colour development in Crimson Seedless grpes in the vineyrd nd on detched erries. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 84: Mntyl E, Lng V, Plv ET (1995) Role of scisic-cid in droughtinduced freezing tolernce, cold-cclimtion, nd ccumultion of Lt178 nd R18 proteins in Aridopsis-Thlin. Plnt Physiol 7: Mor-Herrer ME, Lopez-Delgdo HA (07) Freezing tolernce nd ntioxidnt ctivity in potto microplnts induced y scisic cid tretment. Am J Potto Res 84: OARDC Wether Sttion System (14) Ashtul Agriculturl Reserch Sttion. ninfo.sp?id=4. Accessed 24 Oct 14 Or E, Belusov E, Popilevsky I, Ben Tl Y (00) Chnges in endogenous ABA level in reltion to the dormncy cycle in grpevines grown in hot climte. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 75: Prk JH, Oh SA, Kim YH, Woo HR, Nm HG (1998) Differentil expression of senescence-ssocited mrnas during lef senescence induced y different senescence-inducing fctors in Aridopsis. Plnt Mol Biol 37: Peppi MC, Fidelius MW, Dokoozlin NK (07) Appliction timing nd concentrtion of scisic cid ffect the qulity of Redgloe grpes. J Hort Sci Biotechnol 82:4 3 Poling EB (08) Spring cold injury to winegrpes nd protection strtegies nd methods. HortScience 43: Rvz L (1903) Sur l runissure de l vigne. Les Comptes Rendus de l Acdémie des Sciences 136: Smrt R, Roinson M (1991) Sunlight into wine: hndook for winegrpe cnopy mngement. Winetitles, Adelide Wke C, Fennell A (00) Morphologicl, physiologicl nd dormncy responses of three Vitis genotypes to short photoperiod. Physiol Plnt 9:3 2 Wolf TK, Pool RM (1987) Fctors ffecting exotherm detection in the differentil therml nlysis of grpevine dormnt uds. J Am Soc Hort Sci 112:5 525 Zdl T, Dmi IE, Goffinet M, Mrtinson T, Chien M (07) Winter injury to grpevine nd methods of protection. Michign Stte University Extension, Est Lnsing Zhng Y, Dmi IE (12) Folir ppliction of scisic cid increses freezing tolernce of field-grown Vitis vinifer Cernet frnc grpevines. Am J Enol Viticult 63: Zhng Y, Dmi IE (12) Improving freezing tolernce of Chmourcin grpevines with exogenous scisic cid. HortScience 47: Zhng Y, Mechlin T, Dmi IE (11) Folir ppliction of scisic cid induces dormncy responses in greenhouse-grown grpevines. HortScience 46:

Postharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit

Postharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit Posthrvest Appliction of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit C.M. Cntin 1, D. Holcroft 2 nd C.H. Crisosto 1 1 University of Cliforni, Dvis, Deprtment of Plnt Sciences, Dvis, CA

More information

Effect of AVG Application on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size in Abate Fetel and Packam s Triumph Pears in a Semi-Commercial Statistical Trial

Effect of AVG Application on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size in Abate Fetel and Packam s Triumph Pears in a Semi-Commercial Statistical Trial Effect of AVG Appliction on Fruit Set, Yield nd Fruit Size in Ate Fetel nd Pckm s Triumph Pers in Semi-Commercil Sttisticl Tril E. Sánchez nd M. Curetti Instituto Ncionl de Tecnologí Agropecuri Estción

More information

Central NC Organic Bell and Hot Pepper Variety Trial, Summer 2014

Central NC Organic Bell and Hot Pepper Variety Trial, Summer 2014 Ojective Centrl NC Orgnic Bell nd Hot Pepper Vriety Tril, Summer 2014 North Crolin A&T Stte University John Beck, Aron Moore, nd Dr. Snjun Gu NC A&T Frm, Greensoro, NC To evlute the performnce of some

More information

2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL In 2011, the University of Vermont Extension conducted soyben vriety tril in Alburgh, VT. The purpose of this tril ws to provide yield comprisons of food- nd feed-grde

More information

Colonization of chasmothecia of grapevine powdery mildew by Ampelomyces quisqualis

Colonization of chasmothecia of grapevine powdery mildew by Ampelomyces quisqualis Biocontrol of powdery mildew Coloniztion of chsmotheci of grpevine powdery mildew y Ampelomyces quisqulis Drio Angeli, Frnc Vlentini, Chir Msiero, Oscr Giovnnini, Ilri Pertot Fondzione Edmund Mch, S.Michele

More information

Acknowledgements. Recent Research: Vine Balance and Fruit Thinning. Brief Outline. Take Aways. How many of you have read? Vine Balance.

Acknowledgements. Recent Research: Vine Balance and Fruit Thinning. Brief Outline. Take Aways. How many of you have read? Vine Balance. Recent Reserch: Vine Blnce nd Fruit Thinning Sustinble Ag Expo Monterey County Jim Wolpert Extension Viticulturist Deprtment of Viticulture nd Enology UC Dvis Acknowledgements Funding Americn Vineyrd Foundtion

More information

Evaluation of Yogurt with Enhanced Cysteine Content

Evaluation of Yogurt with Enhanced Cysteine Content Diry Foods Evlution of Yogurt with Enhnced Cysteine Content S. Bl nd K. A. Schmidt Summry Amino cids re the uilding locks of protein nd ssist with metolism in the ody. In the humn ody, the mino cid cysteine

More information

Optimized wine quality potential through fruit-zone management practices in red varieties

Optimized wine quality potential through fruit-zone management practices in red varieties Finl Progress Report Virgini Wine Bord, 20 July 2016 Optimized wine qulity potentil through fruit-zone mngement prctices in red vrieties Principl Investigtor: Tony K. Wolf AHS Jr. AREC 595 Lurel Grove

More information

Evaluating Cultural Practices for Recovery from Cold Damage in Grapevines. Thomas Todaro Northwest Michigan Viticulture Specialist

Evaluating Cultural Practices for Recovery from Cold Damage in Grapevines. Thomas Todaro Northwest Michigan Viticulture Specialist Evluting Culturl Prties for Reovery from Cold Dmge in Grpevines Thoms Todro Northwest Mihign Vitiulture Speilist Outline Cold hrdiness lsses of grpevines Overview of freeze dmge in Ohio Gol nd ojetives

More information

EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM

EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM Texs Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Corpus Christi, TX, nd Michel nd Wlter Kuck Frm, Lvc County, 1999 Roy D. Prker, Emil D.

More information

Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries John Cline

Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries John Cline Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Qulity of Sweet Cherries John Cline University of Guelph, Simcoe & Vinelnd Cmpuses Tel: 519-426-7127 Ext 331 Jcline@uoguelph.c 1 Presenttion Outline Introduction

More information

Cluster-zone leaf removal refers to deliberate removal of selected

Cluster-zone leaf removal refers to deliberate removal of selected Lef Removl s Influence on Pinot Noir Bsl lef removl chnges chemicl nd voltile compositions By Hui Feng, Fng Yun, Ptrici A. Skinkis nd Michel C. Qin Cluster-zone lef removl refers to delierte removl of

More information

Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at

Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2010, 3(04), 368-372 Asin Journl of Food nd Agro-Industry ISSN 1906-3040 Aville online t www.jofi.info Reserch Article Effect of drying nd frying time on texturl nd sensory chrcteristics

More information

2014 Sunflower Planting Date Trial

2014 Sunflower Planting Date Trial 214 Sunflower Plnting Dte Tril Dr. Hether Drby, UVM Extension Agronomist Sr Ziegler, Eric Cummings, Susn Monhn, nd Julin Post UVM Extension Crops nd Soils Technicins (82) 524-651 Visit us on the web t

More information

Performance of Seyval Blanc Grape in Four Training Systems Over Five Years

Performance of Seyval Blanc Grape in Four Training Systems Over Five Years CROP PRODUCTON HORTSCENCE 37(7): 1023-1027.2002. Performnce of Seyvl Blnc Grpe in Four Trining Systems Over Five Yers D. Ferree, T. Steiner, J. Gllnder, D. Scurlock, G. Johns, nd R. Riesen Deprtment of

More information

Timing of partial defoliation affects carbohydrate

Timing of partial defoliation affects carbohydrate SHORT COMMUNICATION Timing of prtil defolition ffects crohydrte concentrtion of vegettive tissues nd concentrtion of phenolics in erries of potted De Chunc (Vitis sp.) grpevines Justine E. Vnden Heuvel

More information

The Relationship Between Palm Oil Index Development and Mechanical Properties in the Ripening Process of Tenera Variety Fresh Fruit Bunches

The Relationship Between Palm Oil Index Development and Mechanical Properties in the Ripening Process of Tenera Variety Fresh Fruit Bunches Reserch Journl of Applied Sciences, Engineering nd Technology 3(3): 218-226, 211 ISSN: 24-7467 Mxwell Scientific Orgniztion, 211 Received: Jnury 31, 211 Accepted: Ferury 23, 211 Pulished: Mrch 3, 211 The

More information

Effects of Prohexadione-calcium on Grape Yield Components and Fruit and Wine Composition

Effects of Prohexadione-calcium on Grape Yield Components and Fruit and Wine Composition Effects of Prohexdione-C on Yield nd Composition 73 Effects of Prohexdione-clcium on Grpe Yield Components nd Fruit nd Wine Composition Dnielle Lo Giudice, 1 Tony K. Wolf, 2 * nd Bruce W. Zoecklein 3 Abstrct:

More information

Rapid Reduction in Aroma Volatiles of Pacific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres

Rapid Reduction in Aroma Volatiles of Pacific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres Rpid Reduction in Arom Voltiles of Pcific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres H.J. Tough nd E.W. Hewett Centre for Posthrvest nd Refrigertion Reserch Institute of Nturl Resources, Mssey University Plmerston

More information

UC DAVIS VITICULTURE AND ENOLOGY EFFECTS OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON WINEGRAPE COMPOSITION S. KAAN KURTURAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SPECIALIST

UC DAVIS VITICULTURE AND ENOLOGY EFFECTS OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON WINEGRAPE COMPOSITION S. KAAN KURTURAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SPECIALIST EFFECTS OF CULTURAL PRACTICES ON WINEGRAPE COMPOSITION S. KAAN KURTURAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SPECIALIST Desirle Aspects Uniformly ripe fruit Sound fruit An undnce of flvor With correct composition Reches

More information

Sustainable Grape Productivity and the Growth-Yield Relationship: A Review

Sustainable Grape Productivity and the Growth-Yield Relationship: A Review Sustinble Grpe Productivity nd the Growth-Yield Reltionship 165 Honorry Reserch Lecture ASEV Annul Meeting, 1999, Reno, Nevd Sustinble Grpe Productivity nd the Growth-Yield Reltionship: A Review G. Stnley

More information

ScienceDirect. Development of a method for manufacturing noodles from finger millet

ScienceDirect. Development of a method for manufacturing noodles from finger millet Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi Food Science 6 (2016 ) 293 297 Interntionl Conference of Sbrgmuw University of Sri Lnk 2015 (ICSUSL 2015) Development of method for mnufcturing

More information

Early-Maturing Sweet Oranges: Research Update on Earlygold, Itaborai, Ruby, and Westin Sweet Oranges 1

Early-Maturing Sweet Oranges: Research Update on Earlygold, Itaborai, Ruby, and Westin Sweet Oranges 1 HS920 Erly-Mturing Sweet Ornges: Reserch Updte on Erlygold, Itori, Ruy, nd Westin Sweet Ornges 1 Willim S. Cstle nd Jmes J. Ferguson 2 Erlygold, Itori, Ruy, nd Westin re new sweet ornge selections with

More information

Effects of chemical treatments on dormancy breaking and some sprouting characteristics of two potato cultivars in different tuber sizes

Effects of chemical treatments on dormancy breaking and some sprouting characteristics of two potato cultivars in different tuber sizes Avilble online t www.pelgireserchlibrry.com Europen Journl of Experimentl Biology, 2014, 4(4):98-102 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Effects of chemicl tretments on dormncy breking nd some sprouting

More information

Refining Fruit-Zone Leaf Removal for Red-Fruited Bordeaux Varieties Grown in a Humid Environment. Cain Charles Hickey

Refining Fruit-Zone Leaf Removal for Red-Fruited Bordeaux Varieties Grown in a Humid Environment. Cain Charles Hickey Refining Fruit-Zone Lef Removl for Red-Fruited Bordeux Vrieties Grown in Humid Environment. Cin Chrles Hickey Disserttion sumitted to the fculty of the Virgini Polytechnic Institute nd Stte University

More information

Archived at

Archived at Archived t http://orgprints.org/13657/ Results from three yer testing project of new strwberry cultivrs in Verticillium infested soils nd under orgnic frming conditions A. Spornberger 1, H. Weissinger

More information

Semi-commercial evaluation of SmartFresh with South African export avocados in static containers at the Westfalia packhouse during 2002

Semi-commercial evaluation of SmartFresh with South African export avocados in static containers at the Westfalia packhouse during 2002 South Africn Avocdo Growers' Assocition Yerbook. 2003. 26:55-64 Semi-commercil evlution of SmrtFresh with South Africn export vocdos in sttic continers t the Westfli pckhouse during 2002 D Lemmer #, J

More information

EFFECT OF BORON AND ARSENIC ON JUICE ACIDITY

EFFECT OF BORON AND ARSENIC ON JUICE ACIDITY SMITH: BORON & ARSENIC ON GRAPEFRUIT 95 Fig. 2. Vlenci ornge leves from declining tree showing type of mteril used for electron microscopic study Ar rows point to typicl res long midveins tht were excised,

More information

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS Pkistn J. Agric. Res. Vol. 9 No1, 016 RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS Doult Big*, Fid Mohmmd Asi*, Hi Ahmed*,

More information

The Effect of Oat Bran Fiber on Texture, Moisture and Palatability of Pumpkin Muffins

The Effect of Oat Bran Fiber on Texture, Moisture and Palatability of Pumpkin Muffins The Effect of Ot Brn Fiber on Texture, Moisture nd Pltbility of Pumpkin Muffins M. Montrsi & K. Reidenbch 11/19/2012 NUTR 453 Finl Report Abstrct: Reserch hd shown n lrmingly low fiber intke of United

More information

Separation of Sunlight and Temperature Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Berries

Separation of Sunlight and Temperature Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot Berries Sunlight nd Temperture Effects on Merlot Berries 171 Seprtion of Sunlight nd Temperture Effects on the Composition of Vitis vinifer cv. Merlot Berries S.E. Spyd, 1 * J.M. Trr, 2 D.L. Mee, 1 nd J.C. Ferguson

More information

Gibberellic Acid (GA3), an Influential Growth Regulator for Physiological Disorder Control and Protracting the Harvesting Season of Sweet Orange

Gibberellic Acid (GA3), an Influential Growth Regulator for Physiological Disorder Control and Protracting the Harvesting Season of Sweet Orange Americn Journl of Experimentl Agriculture 4(11): 1355-1366, 2014 SCIENCEDOMAIN interntionl www.sciencedomin.org Gierellic Acid (GA3), n Influentil Growth Regultor for Physiologicl Disorder Control nd Protrcting

More information

2006 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS

2006 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS 26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS In Sn Joquin County University of Cliforni Coopertive Extension 42 South Wilson Wy Stockton, CA 9525 1 26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIAL In Sn Joquin County

More information

Atmospheric CO2 Levels

Atmospheric CO2 Levels Adpting to Chnging Climte: Forges for Drought Prone Conditions Chris Teutsch Southern Piedmont AREC Blckstone, VA Atmospheric CO2 Levels 1 Temperture Chnge Hnsen, J.E., R. Ruedy, Mki. Sto, M. Imhoff, W.

More information

Abstract. 1. Introduction. Journal of Nutrition & Pharmacy Research

Abstract. 1. Introduction. Journal of Nutrition & Pharmacy Research Tomto Fruits (Solncee Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Feedck Mechnism in The Presence of Exogenous Ethylene under Prolonged Chilling Temperture Storge M. Mkky,, *, K. A. Pschlidis, P. Soni, A. Mngnris,

More information

Control of black dot in potatoes

Control of black dot in potatoes Control of lck dot in pottoes Dr. Trevor Wicks SA Reserch & Development Institute Project Numer: PT11 PT11 This report is pulished y Horticulture Austrli Ltd to pss on informtion concerning horticulturl

More information

The Impact of Supplementation of Green Tea Powder in Yellow Cupcakes. Teryn Sapper & Christian Ordaz November 22, 2010 F&N 453

The Impact of Supplementation of Green Tea Powder in Yellow Cupcakes. Teryn Sapper & Christian Ordaz November 22, 2010 F&N 453 The Impct of Supplementtion of Green Te Powder in Yellow Cupckes Teryn Spper & Christin Ordz Novemer 22, 2010 F&N 453 Astrct: Green te is known to hve mny helth enefits to the humn ody. Cumultive studies

More information

Spray to Flowering Mango Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, and Fruit Quality.

Spray to Flowering Mango Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, and Fruit Quality. Effect of KN 3 Spry to Flowering Mngo Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, nd Fruit Qulity. Steven. Oosthuyse Merenslry Tuhno!ogim! 5 ervicej, P.. ox 14, Duive!sk!oof 835, South fric In South

More information

Modeling Impacts of Viticultural and Environmental Factors on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine in Cabernet franc Grapes

Modeling Impacts of Viticultural and Environmental Factors on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrazine in Cabernet franc Grapes Modeling Impcts of Viticulturl nd Environmentl Fctors on 3-Isobutyl-2-Methoxypyrzine in Cbernet frnc Grpes Justin J. Scheiner, 1 Justine E. Vnden Heuvel, 2 Bruce Pn, 3 nd Gvin L. Scks 4 * Abstrct: A study

More information

The pear cultivars Spadona and Coscia produce

The pear cultivars Spadona and Coscia produce Journl of Horticulturl Science & Biotechnology (7) 82 () 83 87 Plnt growth regultors increse the fruit size of Spdon nd Cosci pers (Pyrus communis) in wrm climte By RAPHAEL A. STERN 1 *, ISRAEL DORON 2

More information

Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter

Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter Imed Dami, Associate Professor and Extension Viticulturist Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center 1680 Madison

More information

Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology

Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology Mejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2011, 5(03), 365-373 Communiction Mejo Interntionl Journl of Science nd Technology ISSN 1905-7873 Aville online t www.mijst.mju.c.th Sunlight-stimulted phenyllnine mmoni-lyse

More information

OF THE CITRUS RUST MITE

OF THE CITRUS RUST MITE esults of this experiment re in generl greement with the results of our previous experiment (7) tht were otined under the sme grove conditions with different smple loctions. However, different grove nd

More information

The photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron is a highly effective thinner for Golden Delicious apple in a warm climate

The photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron is a highly effective thinner for Golden Delicious apple in a warm climate Fruits, 215, vol. 7(3), p. 127-134 c Cird / EDP Sciences 215 DOI: 1.151/fruits/2157 Aville online t: www.fruits-journl.org Originl rticle The photosynthesis inhiitor metmitron is highly effective thinner

More information

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet 013094.pdf IR4 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report over Sheet Resercher(s) Gry hstgner Tril: 013WA Affilition: Wshington Stte University Pullyup WA PhoneNumer: (53) 445458 Emil: chstg@wsu.edu ProjectTitle:

More information

Kucuker and Ozturk Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2):

Kucuker and Ozturk Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2): Kucuker nd Ozturk Afr J Trdit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2):114-119 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jtcm.v12i2.17 THE EFFECTS OF AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE AND METHYL JASMONATE ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND

More information

Phosphorus release from biochars prepared from rice husks, grape pomace and olive tree prunings

Phosphorus release from biochars prepared from rice husks, grape pomace and olive tree prunings Phosphorus relese from iohrs prepred from rie husks, grpe pome nd olive tree prunings Ionn Mnolikki, Argirios Mngolis, Evn Dimdopoulos Shool of Environmentl Engineering Tehnil University of Crete, Greee

More information

Towards Grower-friendly Apple Crop Thinning by Tree Shading

Towards Grower-friendly Apple Crop Thinning by Tree Shading 314 Towrs Grower-frienly Apple Crop Thinning y Tree A. Wimer 1, K. Kockerols 1, S. Schwn 1, W. Stler 1 n L. Bertschinger 1 Astrct Light mngement with shing nets, which reuce sunlight y 74%, might e n lterntive

More information

Brassinosteroids Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in the Ripening of Grape Berries

Brassinosteroids Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in the Ripening of Grape Berries Brssinosteroids Regulte Anthocynin Biosynthesis in the Ripening of Grpe Berries L.-Y. Lun 1, Z.-W. Zhng 1,2*, Z.-M. Xi 1,2*, S.-S. Huo 1 nd L.-N. M 1 (1) College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yngling,

More information

Impact of Shoot and Cluster Thinning on Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Quality of Corot noir

Impact of Shoot and Cluster Thinning on Yield, Fruit Composition, and Wine Quality of Corot noir Impct of Shoot nd Cluster Thinning on Yield, Fruit Composition, nd Wine Qulity of Corot noir Qun Sun, 1 Gvin L. Scks, 2 Steven D. Lerch, 3 nd Justine E. Vnden Heuvel 4,5 * Abstrct: Cluster thinning (CL),

More information

The effect of seed treatments on the yield and yield components of various levels of sprouted wheat

The effect of seed treatments on the yield and yield components of various levels of sprouted wheat Brnrd nd Booyse (2018). Seed Science nd Technology, 46, 1, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2018.46.1.05 The effect of seed tretments on the yield nd yield components of vrious levels of sprouted whet

More information

Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta

Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Chantalak Tiyayon and Bernadine Strik Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Email:

More information

Effects of Vine Defoliation on Pinot noir Fruit and Wine Quality

Effects of Vine Defoliation on Pinot noir Fruit and Wine Quality Effects of Vine Defolition on Pinot noir Fruit nd Wine Qulity Jessic Howe Sndrock nd Anit Nin Azrenko Deprtment of Horticulture, Oregon Stte University Industry Collbortors Leigh Bm1holomew, Archery Summit

More information

Physiological responses and production of 'Syrah' vines as a function of training systems

Physiological responses and production of 'Syrah' vines as a function of training systems Physiologicl responses nd production of 'Syrh' vines 267 Physiologicl responses nd production of 'Syrh' vines s function of trining systems An Crolin Fvero 1 ; Dniel Angelucci de Amorim 2 ; Rent Vieir

More information

Influence of some safety post-harvest treatments on fruit quality and storability of Guava fruits

Influence of some safety post-harvest treatments on fruit quality and storability of Guava fruits Current Science Interntionl Volume : 06 Issue : 03 July-Sept. 2017 Pges: 491-500 Influence of some sfety post-hrvest tretments on fruit qulity nd storility of Guv fruits 1 Ftm K. M. Shn nd 2 Ahmed M. S.

More information

PHYSIOLOGY AND POSTHARVEST BEHAVIOUR OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L. cv. TOMMY ATKINS) FRUIT GROWN UNDER WATER STRESS NANCY ONJEMO MADIGU

PHYSIOLOGY AND POSTHARVEST BEHAVIOUR OF MANGO (Mangifera indica L. cv. TOMMY ATKINS) FRUIT GROWN UNDER WATER STRESS NANCY ONJEMO MADIGU PHYSIOLOGY AND POSTHARVEST BEHAVIOUR OF MANGO (Mngifer indic L. cv. TOMMY ATKINS) FRUIT GROWN UNDER WATER STRESS NANCY ONJEMO MADIGU MASTER OF SCIENCE (Food Science nd Posthrvest Technology) JOMO KENYATTA

More information

THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT

THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT 76 Bulgrin Journl of Agriculturl Science, 6 (No ), 76-8 Agriculturl Acdemy THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT E. BAL * nd S.

More information

PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES. MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK

PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES. MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK merete.edelenos@food.u.dk Preprtion nd hndling fresh-cut root vegetles Production Hndling

More information

Testing Baits to Control Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Vineyards

Testing Baits to Control Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Vineyards COMMODITY TRETMENT ND QURNTINE ENTOMOLOGY Testing its to rgentine nts (Hymenopter: Formicide) in Vineyrds KENT M. DNE,, MONIC L. COOPER, KREN R. SIME, ERIK H. NELSON, MRK C. TTNY, ND MICHEL K. RUST J.

More information

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) Vol. 30,2002,165-178 165 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. K.K.S.K. De Alwis,

More information

Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of temperate grasses containing different concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates

Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of temperate grasses containing different concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates REPORT TO THE STAPLEDON MEMORIAL TRUST Ensiling chrcteristics nd eroic stility of temperte grsses contining different concentrtions of wter solule crohydrtes Aner A. Rodríguez-Crís Deprtment of Animl Science,

More information

Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flat Bread by the Sponge and Dough Method

Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flat Bread by the Sponge and Dough Method Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flt Bred y the Sponge nd Dough Method A. Amr 1,2 nd R. Ajo 1 ABSTRACT Cerel Chem. 82(5):499 503 Two types of flt red (thin nd thick) were produced from strightgrde

More information

Review of Arabica Coffee Management Research in Ethiopia

Review of Arabica Coffee Management Research in Ethiopia Review of Aric Coffee Mngement Reserch in Ethiopi Anteneh Netsere 1, Tye Kuf 1 Tesfye Shimer 2 1, Jimm Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.. Box 192, Jimm, Ethopi 2, Ethopin Institute of Agriculturl Reserch,

More information

Comparison of alternative postharvest quarantine treatments for sweet cherries

Comparison of alternative postharvest quarantine treatments for sweet cherries Posthrvest Biology nd Technology 20 (2000) 107 114 www.elsevier.com/locte/posthrvio Comprison of lterntive posthrvest qurntine tretments for sweet cherries Lis G. Neven, *, Stephen R. Drke Ykim Agriculturl

More information

Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth by Application of Image Analysis

Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth by Application of Image Analysis ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 59 Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth y Appliction of Imge Anlysis Denis STAJNKO 1 Zltko ÈMELIK SUMMARY The possiility of RGB imge processing nd nlysis for modelling of the development

More information

Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene

Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene Instituto Ncionl de Investigción y Tecnologí Agrri y Alimentri (INIA) Spnish Journl of Agriculturl Reserch 9(), 554-564 Aville online t www.ini.es/sjr ISSN: 695-97-X eissn: 7-99 Posthrvest qulity nd chilling

More information

Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jan.-Mar Pages:

Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jan.-Mar Pages: Middle Est Journl of Applied Sciences Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jn.-Mr. 2017 Pges: 162-167 Studies on the Impct of Successive Sprys with ertin Insecticides on Whitefly nd Aphids Infesting Roselle Plnts nd

More information

The Effect of Quinoa on the Taste and Texture of Chocolate Chip Cookies. Hannah Doren Tarryn Hake Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453.

The Effect of Quinoa on the Taste and Texture of Chocolate Chip Cookies. Hannah Doren Tarryn Hake Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453. The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies Hnnh Doren Trryn Hke Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453 November 19, 2012 Title: The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies

More information

Agronomic approaches in yield and quality stability of high oleic sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)

Agronomic approaches in yield and quality stability of high oleic sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) Agronomic pproches in yield nd qulity stbility of high oleic sunflowers (Helinthus nnuus L.) to obtin the Ph. D. degree in the Fculty of Agriculturl Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germny

More information

Effect of number of stems in the production and quality of tomato grown in greenhouse

Effect of number of stems in the production and quality of tomato grown in greenhouse Revist Mexicn de Ciencis Agrícols volume 9 numer 2 Ferury 15 - Mrch 31, 2018 Effect of numer of stems in the production nd qulity of tomto grown in greenhouse Article Cándido Mendoz-Pérez 1 Crlos Rmírez-Ayl

More information

Influence of Fermentation Temperature on Composition and Sensory Properties of Semillon and Shiraz Wines

Influence of Fermentation Temperature on Composition and Sensory Properties of Semillon and Shiraz Wines Influence of Fermenttion on Properties of Semillon nd Shirz Wines 235 Influence of Fermenttion Temperture on Composition nd Sensory Properties of Semillon nd Shirz Wines Andrew Reynolds, 1* Mrgret Cliff,

More information

Comparative Study of Nutritional Quality of Orange (Citrus sinensis) at Different Maturity Stages in Relation to Significance for Human Health

Comparative Study of Nutritional Quality of Orange (Citrus sinensis) at Different Maturity Stages in Relation to Significance for Human Health Americn-Eursin Journl of Toxicologicl Sciences 7 (4): 209-213, 2015 ISSN 2079-2050 IDOSI Pulictions, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.ejts.2015.7.4.95200 Comprtive Study of Nutritionl Qulity of Ornge (Citrus sinensis)

More information

2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards

2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION 2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Andy Kirk, Yvonne Woodworth, The Ohio State University.

More information

Relationship Between Microclimatic Data, Aroma Component Concentrations and Wine Quality Parameters in the Prediction of Sauvignon blanc Wine Quality

Relationship Between Microclimatic Data, Aroma Component Concentrations and Wine Quality Parameters in the Prediction of Sauvignon blanc Wine Quality Reltionship Between Microclimtic Dt, Arom omponent oncentrtions nd Wine Qulity Prmeters in the Prediction of Suvignon blnc Wine Qulity J. Mris, F. litz 2 nd P. D. Hsbroek3 1) AR lnfruiiec-nietvoorbij,

More information

EFFECT OF FOLIAR NITROGEN AND SULPHUR APPLICATION ON AROMATIC EXPRESSION OF VITIS VINIFERA L. cv. SAUVIGNON BLANC

EFFECT OF FOLIAR NITROGEN AND SULPHUR APPLICATION ON AROMATIC EXPRESSION OF VITIS VINIFERA L. cv. SAUVIGNON BLANC EFFECT OF FOLIAR NITROGEN AND SULPHUR APPLICATION ON AROMATIC EXPRESSION OF VITIS VINIFERA L. cv. SAUVIGNON BLANC F. LACROUX 1, O. TREGOAT 2, C. VAN LEEUWEN 1, A. PONS 3, T. TOMINAGA 3, Vlérie LAVIGNE-CRUÈGE

More information

Screening Sunflower Varieties for Reaction to Infestation by Sunflower Midge & Insecticide Update

Screening Sunflower Varieties for Reaction to Infestation by Sunflower Midge & Insecticide Update Screening Sunflower Vrieties for Rection to Infesttion by Sunflower Midge & Insecticide Updte Jnet J. Knodel 1, Ptrick B. Beuzy 1, Jrrd Prsifk 2 nd Theres A. Gross 2 1 Deprtment of Entomology, North Dkot

More information

Pruning affects the vegetative balance of the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Pruning affects the vegetative balance of the wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) crop phisiology Pruning ffects the vegettive lnce of the wine grpe (Vitis vinifer L.) L pod fect el equilirio vegettivo de l vid (Vitis vinifer L.) Pedro José Almnz-Merchán 1, Plo Antonio Serrno-Cely 2,

More information

THE EFFECTS OF BERRY THINNING AND GIBBERELLIN ON RECEL UZUMU TABLE GRAPES

THE EFFECTS OF BERRY THINNING AND GIBBERELLIN ON RECEL UZUMU TABLE GRAPES Perfor. of Summer forge legumes in Pothowr Pk. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 49(2), 105-112; 2012 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 http://www.pkjs.com.pk THE EFFECTS OF BERRY THINNING AND GIBBERELLIN

More information

Interactions between 1-MCP concentration, treatment interval and storage time for Bartlett pears

Interactions between 1-MCP concentration, treatment interval and storage time for Bartlett pears Posthrvest Biology nd Tehnology 31 (24) 127 136 Intertions etween 1-MCP onentrtion, tretment intervl nd storge time for Brtlett pers J.H. Ekmn, M. Clyton 1, W.V. Bisi, E.J. Mithm Deprtment of Pomology,

More information

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model hpter 3 Lbor roductivity nd omprtive Advntge: The Ricrdin Model review Opportunity costs nd comprtive dvntge roduction possibilities Reltive supply, reltive demnd & reltive prices Trde possibilities nd

More information

Application of Toasted Oak and Micro-oxygenation to Ageing of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines

Application of Toasted Oak and Micro-oxygenation to Ageing of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Appliction of Tosted Ok nd Micro-oxygention to Ageing of Cernet Suvignon Wines Dr. Jeff McCord StVin Inc., Cliforni, USA Introduction For mny yers, tosted ok in the form of rrels hs een used for wine storge

More information

Growth and yield of three sunflower hybrids cultivated for two years under mediterranean conditions

Growth and yield of three sunflower hybrids cultivated for two years under mediterranean conditions Emirtes Journl of Food nd Agriculture. 2016. 28(2): 136-142 doi: 10.9755/ejf.2015-05-291 http://www.ejf.me/ REGULAR ARTICLE Growth nd yield of three sunflower hyrids cultivted for two yers under mediterrnen

More information

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND L-CYSTEINE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT ON FLESH BROWNING OF FRESH-CUT CHERIMOYA (Annona cherimola Mill.)

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND L-CYSTEINE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT ON FLESH BROWNING OF FRESH-CUT CHERIMOYA (Annona cherimola Mill.) RESEARCH EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND L-CYSTEINE AS AN ANTIOXIDANT ON FLESH BROWNING OF FRESH-CUT CHERIMOYA (Annon cherimol Mill.) Reinldo Cmpos-Vrgs 1,*, Bruno G. Defilippi 1,, Pul Romero Q. 2, Héctor Vldés

More information

IMPACT OF HARVESTING TIME AND LENGTH OF COLD STORAGE PERIOD ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS OF FOUR QUINCE GENOTYPES (CYDONIA OBLONGA MILL.

IMPACT OF HARVESTING TIME AND LENGTH OF COLD STORAGE PERIOD ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS OF FOUR QUINCE GENOTYPES (CYDONIA OBLONGA MILL. Journl of Horticulturl Reserch 2017, vol. 25(1): 67 79 DOI: 10.1515/johr-2017-0008 IMPACT OF HARVESTING TIME AND LENGTH OF COLD STORAGE PERIOD ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY TRAITS OF FOUR QUINCE GENOTYPES

More information

ain Advanced Fruit Management Technical Manual Asia Pacific Plant Growth Regulator No. bins picked Date 21-Feb 28-Feb 7-Mar 14-Mar 21-Mar 28-Mar

ain Advanced Fruit Management Technical Manual Asia Pacific Plant Growth Regulator No. bins picked Date 21-Feb 28-Feb 7-Mar 14-Mar 21-Mar 28-Mar in Plnt Growth Regultor Advnced Fruit Mngement Technicl Mnul Asi Pcific No. bins picked 8 6 -Feb 8-Feb 7-Mr -Mr -Mr 8-Mr Dte A WORD ABOUT VALENT BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION Vlent BioSciences Corportion ws

More information

Research Article Chemometrics of Wheat Composites with Hemp, Teff, and Chia Flour: Comparison of Rheological Features

Research Article Chemometrics of Wheat Composites with Hemp, Teff, and Chia Flour: Comparison of Rheological Features Interntionl Journl of Food Science Volume 2013, Article ID 968020, 6 pges http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/968020 Reserch Article Chemometrics of Whet Composites with Hemp, Teff, nd Chi Flour: Comprison

More information

2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards

2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards OHIO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION 2018 Grape Maturity at OSU Research Vineyards Imed Dami, Diane Kinney, Andy Kirk, Yvonne Woodworth, The Ohio State University.

More information

Volume 2, ISSN (Online), Published at:

Volume 2, ISSN (Online), Published at: SEASONAL VARIATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WILD GENOTYPES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus ms L.) Aldin Islmovic 1, Merjem Mlco 1, Ndir Berbic 1, Asim Begic-Akgic 1, Snj Orucevic 1, Amel

More information

Characterization of Fruitbody Morphology on Various Environmental Conditions in Pleurotus ostreatus

Characterization of Fruitbody Morphology on Various Environmental Conditions in Pleurotus ostreatus Mycobiology 31(3): 145-150 (2003) Copyright 2003 by The Koren Society of Mycology Chrcteriztion of Fruitbody Morphology on Vrious Environmentl Conditions in Pleurotus ostretus Kb-Yeul Jng, Chng-Sung Jhune,

More information

How to get the best eating quality of pork

How to get the best eating quality of pork The effect of ft on the eting qulity of pork Ensuring the best eting qulity Ensuring the best flvours The effect of cooking ft on the eting qulity of pork How to get the best eting qulity of pork The cooking

More information

NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial

NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial Iowa State Research Farm Progress Reports 2014 NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial Paul A. Domoto Iowa State University, domoto@iastate.edu Gail R. Nonnecke Iowa State University, nonnecke@iastate.edu

More information

Garlic Sprouts Grown Indoors at Kitchen Sites

Garlic Sprouts Grown Indoors at Kitchen Sites Medicinl nd Aromtic Plnt Science nd Biotechnology 008 Globl Science Books Grlic Sprouts Grown Indoors t Kitchen Sites FeiFei Qin,,3* HuiLin Xu Gng M 4 Interntionl Nture Frming Reserch Center, Ht, Ngno,

More information

Effects of guar gum and arabic gum on the physicochemical, sensory and flow behaviour characteristics of frozen yoghurt

Effects of guar gum and arabic gum on the physicochemical, sensory and flow behaviour characteristics of frozen yoghurt doi: 1.1111/j.1471-37.211.75.x ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effects of gur gum nd ric gum on the physicochemicl, sensory nd flow ehviour chrcteristics of frozen yoghurt RAHIL REZAEI, MORTEZA KHOMEIRI,* MAHDI KASHANINEJAD

More information

Research Article Guar Gum as an Edible Coating for Enhancing Shelf-Life and Improving Postharvest Quality of Roma Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.

Research Article Guar Gum as an Edible Coating for Enhancing Shelf-Life and Improving Postharvest Quality of Roma Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Hindwi Journl of Food Qulity Volume 217, Article ID 86834, 9 pges https://doi.org/.11/217/86834 Reserch Article Gur Gum s n Edile Coting for Enhncing Shelf-Life nd Improving Posthrvest Qulity of Rom Tomto

More information

The effects of UV-C treatment on the quality of orange, carrot and celery juice blend

The effects of UV-C treatment on the quality of orange, carrot and celery juice blend Review Article http://www.lliedcdemies.org/journl-food-science-nutrition/ The effects of UV-C tretment on the qulity of ornge, crrot nd celery juice blend Nik Nornis, Chndrn Somsundrm*, Zulin Rzli Biotechnology

More information

Euhrychiopsis lecontei Distribution, Abundance, and Experimental Augmentations for Eurasian Watermilfoil Control in Wisconsin Lakes

Euhrychiopsis lecontei Distribution, Abundance, and Experimental Augmentations for Eurasian Watermilfoil Control in Wisconsin Lakes J. Aqut. Plnt Mnge. 38: 88-97 Euhrychiopsis lecontei Distribution, Abundnce, nd Experimentl Augmenttions for Eursin Wtermilfoil Control in Wisconsin Lkes LAURA L. JESTER 1,5, MICHAEL A. BOZEK 1, DANIEL

More information

HANDS-ON SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME FAST GRAPE RIPENING

HANDS-ON SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME FAST GRAPE RIPENING HANDS-ON SOLUTIONS TO OVERCOME FAST GRAPE RIPENING 1 Techniques based on modification of growing and ripening pattern Increase of vine yield (> bud load) Late shoot trimming Late irrigation (i.e. just

More information

Research Note Relationship between Skin Break Force and Anthocyanin Extractability at Different Ripening Stages

Research Note Relationship between Skin Break Force and Anthocyanin Extractability at Different Ripening Stages Reserch Note Reltionship etween Skin Brek Force nd Anthocynin Extrctility t Different Ripening Stges Luc Rolle, 1 * Frizio Torchio, 2 Giuseppe Zepp, 1 nd Vincenzo Geri 3 Astrct: The extrctility of nthocynins

More information

Induction of ethylene in avocado fruit in response to chilling stress on tree

Induction of ethylene in avocado fruit in response to chilling stress on tree Journl of Plnt Physiology ] (]]]]) ]]] ]]] www.elsevier.de/jplph Induction of ethylene in vocdo fruit in response to chilling stress on tree Ver Hershkovitz,,, Hy Friedmn, Eliezer E. Goldschmidt, Oleg

More information

Original article The effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatment concentration on peach cell integrity after high-pressure processing

Original article The effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatment concentration on peach cell integrity after high-pressure processing Interntionl Journl of Food Science nd Technology 2017, 52, 635 643 635 Originl rticle The effect of clcium chloride nd clcium lctte pretretment concentrtion on pech cell integrity fter high-pressure processing

More information