How to Identify and Manage Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

How to Identify and Manage Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Paul Botch Department of Entomology Michigan State University Email: botchpau@msu.edu

Question: How aware are you of brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) in your state? A. Not very aware B. Somewhat aware C. Very aware

Contents of Presentation I. Introduction to brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) II. Identification III. Management

I. Introduction The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) Native to SE Asia. Introduced to NA in late 1990s. Major agricultural and nuisance pest. http://ucanr.org/blogs/pestnews/blogfiles/9411.jpg http://citybugs.tamu.edu/files/2012/12/brown- Marmorated-stink-bug-aggregation-Leskey-2010.jpg In 2010: $37 million cost to mid-atlantic apple growers. Leskey et al. 2012. Pest status of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys in the USA. Outlooks on Pest Management. 23(5): 218-226.

Origins:

http://www.stopbmsb.org/

Zhu et al. 2012. Potential geographic distribution of brown marmorated stink bug invasion (Halyomorpha halys) PLoS ONE. 7(2): 1-10. Potential Geographic Distribution

Potential Geographic Distribution Holtz, T. and K. Kamminga. 2010. Qualitative analysis of the pest risk potential of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in the United States. United States Department of Agriculture APHIS (http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mda/bmsb_pest_risk_potential_ -_USDA_APHIS_Nov_2011_344862_7.pdf)

History in Michigan

BMSB in Minnesota http://www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/insects/stinkbug/bmsbmonitoring.aspx

Seasonal Habitat Use

~170 reported host plants in US http://www.stopbmsb.org/where-is-bmsb/host-plants/

http://www.stopbmsb.org/where-is-bmsb/crops-at-risk/

http://eorganic.info/sites/eorganic.info/files/u1889/5.jpg

Edge Effects https://www.pioneer.com/cmroot/pioneer/us/images/agronomy/library_corn/pests/stink_bugs/bmsb_delayed_maturity.jpg

Feeding Damage http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs /13338_13532/BMSB.JPG http://ucanr.org/blogs/pestnews/blogfiles/9411.jpg

Images modified from Day et al. 2011. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Virginia Cooperative Extension. www.ext.vt.edu

Image modified from Fraser & Beaton 2012. Least Wanted: Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). www.ontario.ca/omafra Image modified from Gill et al. 2011. The Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys). IPM Garden Center Fact Sheet. University of Maryland Extension. www.ipmnet.umd.edu

Urban Pest Nuisance pest Aggregates in the fall months (Sept Oct) Enters buildings Strong odor Staining secretions

Points of Entry Doors Windows Utility interfaces Siding & trim Chimneys

Points of Entry http://bugoftheweek.com/blog/2013/9/13/the-gatheringstorm-brown-marmorated-stink-bug-ihalyomorpha-halysi

II. Identification?

BMSB Life Cycle

Anatomy of a Stink Bug Hebert et al. 2014 Hebert et al. 2014

Beetles vs. True Bugs Forewing thickened & shell-like (Elytra). Forewing thickened at base and membranous at tip (Hemelytra) Hemelytron

Piercing Sucking Mouthparts Hebert et al. 2014

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) Habitat: Urban structures. Woodlots. Weedy riparian habitat. Agricultural areas. Feeds on >170 plants. Appearance: Mottled brown. Alternating dark, light bands on antennae & legs. Black & white striping along sides of abdomen. Smooth shoulders. Length 12.0 17.0 mm.

Brown Stink Bugs Euschistus spp. Genus of brown stink bugs includes: The Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus servus (Say). The Dusky Stink Bug, Euschistus tristigmus (Say). The Onespotted Stink Bug, Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois). Habitat: Meadows, golden-rod, mullein, woodlots. Appearance: No banding on antennae or legs. Rounded or pointed shoulders. Length 8.0 15.0 mm.

Spined Soldier Bug Podisus maculiventris (Say) Habitat: Meadows and goldenrod. Feeds on caterpillars and bees. Appearance: Thick, short beak Pointed shoulders. Two dark spots near apex of hind femur. Length 8.5-13.0 mm.

Rough Stink Bug Brochymena quadripustulata (Fabricius) Habitat: Variety of trees, herbaceous plants, grasses. Appearance: Cryptic bark-like coloration. Legs with white bands. Banding on sides of abdomen. Margin of pronotum distinctly toothed. Length 10.0-18.0 mm.

Comparison of Shoulder Margins Rough Stink Bug BMSB Toothed shoulders Smooth shoulders Paiero et al. 2013

BMSB Identification Native Stink Bug BMSB Striped Antennae

BMSB Identification Native Stink Bug BMSB Striped Legs

BMSB Identification Native Stink Bug BMSB Smooth Shoulder Margins

What Else Can Be Mistaken For BMSB? Western Conifer-Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann). Family: Coreidae Boxelder Bug, Boisea trivittata (Say). Family: Rhopalidae

III. Management Strategies

Chemical Control Some tree fruit growers in mid-atlantic increased insecticide applications fourfold & reduced intervals between sprays (Leskey et al. 2012). Broad-spectrum insecticides can disrupt IPM programs. Targeted application: edge-only treatment can be effective. BMSB adults less susceptible to pesticides than nymphs. https://www.pioneer.com/cmroot/pioneer/us/images/agronomy/library_corn/pests/stink_bugs/bmsb_delayed_maturity.jpg

Attract and Kill Baited traps on orchard or other high value crop borders. http://entomology.umd.edu/news/spring-2015-colloquium-rob-morrison

Trap Crops http://eorganic.info/node/10003 http://eorganic.info/brown-marmorated-stink-bug-organic/resources Photos by Taliaferro Trope

Biological Control

Natural Enemies Rice et al. 2014

Classical Biological Control Supported by a Farm Bill grant (managed by USDA-APHIS). Collaborators: USDA-ARS (Newark, DE & EBCL, France). University of Delaware. Florida Dept. Agriculture & Consumer Services Michigan State University. Oregon Department of Agriculture. Oregon State University. University of California, Riverside & CDFA.

Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

But

IPM of BMSB

Identification Resources Hebert et al. 2014. Field guide to stink bugs of agricultural importance in the United States. Second Edition. Virginia IPM Program. Paiero, S.M., S.A. Marshall, J.E. McPherson, and M.-S. Ma. 2013. Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the

Online BMSB Resources http://www.stopbmsb.org/ http://www.stinkbug-info.org/ http://www.ipm.msu.edu/invasive_species/brown_marmorated_stink_ bug https://entomology.ces.ncsu.edu/predators-and-parasitoids-of-brownmarmorated-stink-bug-eggs/ http://rodaleinstitute.org/organic-management-of-brown-marmoratedstink-bug-bmsb/

Minnesota Resources http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/insects/find/brownmarmorated-stink-bug/ http://blog-crop-news.extension.umn.edu/2014/10/status-of-brownmarmorated-stink-bug-in.html http://www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/insects/stinkbug.aspx http://www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/insects/stinkbug/bmsbmonitor ing.aspx http://www.mda.state.mn.us/en/plants/pestmanagement/arrestthepes t.aspx

Thank You!