PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWER UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITION OF DIKHAN Aman Ullah*, Muhammad Mansoor* and Nazir Hussain* *= Senior Scientific Officer, Arid Zone Research Instititute, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK. ABSTRACT Trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute, Ratta Kulachi, DIKhan during spring 2011. 18 hybrids of sunflower were included in the trail. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. The data showed significant differences for all the parameters except plants plot -1. It was observed that maximum days to flowering initiation were recorded in the hybrids Golden-1, Ausigold-4 and Ausigold-7 while minimum Hybrids FH-417, SMH-1007, SMH-1027, SMH-1027 and SMH-0917 days to flowering initiation were noted in the hybrids. `Maximum days to maturity were recorded in hybrids FSS-60 whereas hybrid SMH-1007 recorded minimum days to maturity. Taller plants were attained by plots sown with hybrid Ausigold-7 whereas dwarf plants were noted in FH-417. Among the hybrids highest head diameter was produced by plots seeded with hybrids Ausigold-7 whereas hybrids T-40318 recorded lowest head diameter. Seeds were heavier in hybrids Ausigold-7 and SMH-0917 while FH-417 noted lowest hundred seed weight. Significant variation was also observed in grain yield among the various hybrids under study. Maximum grain yield was produced by LG-55-25 which was closely followed by NK-S-278 while hybrids FH-417 showed minimum grain yield. It is concluded that the hybrids LG-55-25, Ausigold-7 and NK-S-278 showed high productivity and were best adapted to the climatic conditions of DIKhan condition. Keywords: sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), hybrid, performance, yield, DIKhan KPK, Pakistan. INTRODUCTION Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) originated in United States and play an important role in oil seed crops. In Pakistan, sunflower was first introduced as an oil seed crop in 1960 s. During 2009-10, the production of oil at country level is estimated at 0.680 million tons while 1.246 million tons of edible oil was imported by spending 77.78 billion rupees. The area under sunflower crop in 2009-10 was 872 thousand acres with seed and oil production of 554 and 211 thousand tons, respectively Anonnymous (2009-2010). For reducing this huge gap between production and import of edible oil, we should grow and expand the area of sunflower crop (Khan et al) 2003. The production of sunflower can be increased by planting of promising hybrid. With
the increase of plant population per unit area of sunflower crop, decreased head diameter, number and weight achene s per head and a higher plant density above a certain limit had a negative effect on achene s yield (Majiri and Arzani) 2003.Plant density is invariably linked with yield, more the plant stands; there is up to certain limit the higher the expected production (Bertoria et al) 1984. Increasing sunflower population, generally, increases the achene s yield to certain level. Optimum population depends on cultural, environmental and field management factors (Robinson et al., 1998; Weiss, 1980. Eva and Andrei (1990) observed that seed yield and seed oil yield ranged from 4.3 to 4.72 t ha -1 and 2.2 to 2.55 t ha -1 in hybrid Festive, respectively when compared with hybrid Fundulea 206. Maddonni and Satorre (1992) reported that hybrid Contiflor-3 had the highest seed yield and dry matter yields in the early sown trial. Similarly, Mancuso (1992) reported that hybrid Cargill S400 had the highest oil content (46.2%), but the most suitable cultivar for use across favorable environments was Peredovick (43.9%). Rahim and Siraj (1993) concluded that the highest yield was given by hybrid No.6 and hybrid NK-265. Similarly, Hanif et al. (1996) worked out that variety NK-212 was the best for plant height and 1000-grains weight whereas, Hysun-44 gave maximum grains per plant. Varietals means were significantly different for all the parameters except stem thickness, leaf area and 1000-grain weight. One of the reasons for low sunflower seed production is the cultivation of exotic hybrids, which are not well adapted to agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan. We need hybrids that can produce high yield, mature early with improved oil content under intense summer temperature and drought conditions. We need short duration, early maturing and short stature hybrids. To make sunflower as a successful crop in Pakistan, we have to develop our own hybrids which mature early, give higher yield and can easily fit in our existing cropping pattern and in changed conditions. NWFP has a unique agricultural environment where raising of two crops of sunflower in a year are possible by adopting appropriate cultural practices. In KPK vast acreage of irrigated land is available for sunflower cultivation during the month of June till October. Sunflower is the best alternative which can fill up this gap because hybrids of sunflower are available that can mature in 95-110 days Work on development of sunflower hybrids in the country is inadequate and therefore demand of seed is met out through import. The present research was under taken to determine high yielding sunflower hybrids best adapted to climatic condition of DIKhan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute Farm, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK during spring 2010. Eighteen hybrids of sunflower along with two cheks (SMH-1026, SMH-1007, NK-Tekni, Ausigold-4, Golden-1, FSS- 60, Pan-08-101, T-40318, NK-Singi,LG-55-25, FSS-58, FH-417, SMH-1027, Ausigold-7, Aditya, SMH-0917, Hysun-33(Check-1)and NK-S-278 (Check-2) were used in the trail. The trial was sown on 17th March 2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each hybrid was sown at a spacing of 20 and 75 cm between plants and rows, respectively. Planting was done on ridges using 2-3 seeds per hill with the help of dibbler. Plants were thinned to one plant per hill when the plants reached to four-leaf stage. Fertilizer was applied @ 125-50 NP kg/ha, Nitrogen and phosphorus was applied in a form of urea and DAP, respectively. All the phosphorus and half dose of nitrogen were applied at seedbed preparation and the remaining half of nitrogen was applied when the plants attained the knee height. All the cultural practices like weeding, irrigation and protection measure were adopted uniformly from sowing till harvesting. The following characters were recorded during study: 1. Days to flower initiation 2. Days to flowering completion 3. Number of plant plot -1 4. Days to maturity 5. Plant height (cm) 6. Head diameter (cm) 7. 100 seed weight 8. Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) The above mentioned parameters were recorded in the following manner: Days to flowering initiation were recorded when about 5 percent buds plot -1 open to flower, then calculated days to flower initiation from the date of sowing. Days to flower completion were also calculated from the date of sowing when 90 % buds plot -1 open to flower. Number of plants plot plot -1 counted from the two central rows at the time of harvest. Days to maturity were recorded when back of the heads turned yellow and bracts starts turning brownish in color, then calculated the days to maturity from the of planting. Average of ten plants selected at random from the two central rows at maturity. Height was taken in centimeter from ground level to the attachment of head with the stem and then their average was calculated. Head diameter was recorded on the same 10 plants selected at random from the two central rows for plant height and measured from one edge of the disc to the other and their average was worked out. Hundred grains from each subplot were counted and their weight was
recorded in grams. The two central rows from each treatment were harvested, threshed and weighted to record seed yield plot -1 then converted into kg ha -1. The data collected during the experiment was analyzed according to RCB design and upon obtaining significant differences; Least Significant Differences (LSD) test was applied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION All the data of different parameters showed significantly (p < 0.05) affected by various hybrids of sunflower except plants plot -1 presented in Table-1 & 2. Table 1: Days to flower initiation, flower completion and days to maturity of various hybrids of sunflower under irrigated condition of DIKhan. S.No Hybrids Days to flower Days to flower Days to Plant height (Treatments) initiation completion maturity (cm) 1. FSS-60 70.67 b 74.33 bc 104.33 a 186 fghi 2. Pan-08-101 64.0 d 68.0 d 99.33 e 143.67k 3. Golden-1 74.0 a 77.0 a 104.33 a 178.33hi 4. T-40318 71.0 b 74.0 bc 102.0 bc 205 abc 5. NK-Singi 63.33 d 68.0 d 96.33 fg 201.33bcde 6. LG-55-25 63.0 d 67.67 d 96.00 fg 207.66ab 7. FSS-58 70.67 b 75.33 ab 100.33 cde 177.0 hi 8. Ausigold-4 73.0 a 77.0 a 102.33 ab 180.33ghi 9. FH-417 60.0 e 66.33 de 95.67 gh 164.0j 10. NK-Tekni 67.0 c 74.0 bc 100.33 de 196.0cdef 11 SMH-1007 60.33 e 66.33 de 93.33 f 175.33ij 12 SMH-1026 61.0 e 65.33 e 94.00 i 187.0fgh 13 SMH-1027 60.0 e 66.33 de 94.33 hi 190.0efg 14 Ausigold-7 73.33 a 76.67 a 100.67cde 216.0a 15 Aditya 67.33 c 74.0 bc 100.0 de 201.66bcd 16 SMH-0917 60.33 e 66.67 de 97.33 f 175.66hi 17 Hysun-33 67.33 c 73.33 c 103.33 ab 204.0bc 18 NK-S-278 66.33 c 73.33 c 101.33cd 191.67defg LSD value (0.05) 1.732 1.712 1.373 11.45 Mean values of the same category followed by different letter are significantly different at (p < 0.05) level of probability using LSD test. NS = Non-significant. Table-1 revealed that days to flower initiation ranged from 74 to 60 days. Maximum number of days (74) to flower initiation was recorded in hybrids Golden-1, Ausigold-4 and Ausigold-7. Hybrids FH-417, SMH-1007, SMH-1026, SMH-1027 and SMH-0917 took minimum (60) days to flower initiation. Similar
trend was observed in days to flower completion. Hanif et al. (1996) reported that a non-significant correlation was found for days to flower initiation and completion among the various varieties. Table-1 also shows comparison of various sunflower hybrids in terms of days to flower initiation and completion. Statistical analysis of the data showed in Table-1 that days to maturity ranged from 96.66 to 104.33. Maximum days of 104.33 taken for maturity were given by hybrid FSS-60 and Golden-1 while the minimum days were taken by hybrid SMH-1007 (96.66 days). These results are in great agreement with those reported by Hanif et al. (1996). Data presented in Table-1 revealed that plant height ranged between164 cm to 216 cm. Hybrid Ausigold-7 had the tallest plant height of 216 cm which was closely followed by hybrid LG-55-25 and hybrid FH-417 had the lowest plant height of 164 cm. reported similar results. Table 2: Number of plants plot -1, head diameter (cm), 100 seed weight (gm) plant height (cm) and seed yield kg ha -1 of various hybrids of sunflower under irrigated condition of DIKhan. S.N o Hybrids (Treatments) Number of plants plot -1 Head diameter(cm) 100 seed weight (g) Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) 1. FSS-60 41.67 14.33ghi 4.23cdef 2355bcd 2. Pan-08-101 35.66 13.00i 5.09ab 1511j 3. Golden-1 39.66 15.00fgh 3.97ef 2044efg 4. T-40318 41.00 10.00j 5.06ab 1911fghi 5. NK-Singi 41.66 15.66efg 4.03ef 1977fgh 6. LG-55-25 42.00 15.00fg 4.83abc 2666a 7. FSS-58 41.33 14.67fgh 3.98ef 2089def 8. Ausigold-4 39.66 16.67de 5.01ab 1933fgh 9. FH-417 40.00 13.33hi 3.80f 845l 10. NK-Tekni 41.33 17.33cd 4.11def 2266cde 11 SMH-1007 38.66 19.00b 4.97ab 1644ij 12 SMH-1026 41.33 16.67de 4.25cdef 1778ghij 13 SMH-1027 36.00 19.00b 4.60bcde 1733hij 14 Ausigold-7 40.00 21.00a 5.44a 2533abc 15 Aditya 38.66 17.33cd 4.78abcd 1889fghi 16 SMH-0917 38.00 16.00def 5.42a 1555j 17 Hysun-33 42.00 18.67bc 5.07ab 1222k 18 NK-S-278 39.33 17.0de 4.97ab 2622ab LSD value (0.05) NS 1.347 0.688 284.5
Maximum head diameter (21 cm) was recorded in hybrid Ausigold-7 while minimum head diameter of 10 cm was noticed in hybrid T-40318 (Table-2). Yousaf et al. (1989) tested seven cultivars of sunflower and all the parameters showed significant difference among the hybrids except head diameter, which showed non-significant variation. Data reported in Table-2 demonstrated the comparative effect of different sunflower hybrid on hundred seed weight. Sunflower hybrids had significantly (p < 0.05) affected hundred seed weight. Maximum hundred seed weight of 5.42 g was observed in hybrids Ausigold-7 and SMH-0917 while plots seeded with hybrid FH-417 produced minimum seed weight with average weight of 3.80 g. These findings were also supported by Pirani and Gupta (1995) who reported significant variation for 1000 grain weight and other agronomic traits due to various sunflower hybrids. The data of Table-2 also revealed that sunflower hybrids had significantly (p < 0.05) affected seed yield. Highest seed yield of 2666 kg ha -1 was observed in hybrid LG-55-25 followed by plots which were sown with hybrid NK-S-278 having seed yield of 2622 kg ha -1. It is also clear from the mean value of the data that lowest seed yield was recorded in hybrid FH-417 with an average production of 845 kg ha -1. These finding are supported by Dash et al. (1996) who reported significant differences for seed yield plant -1 among the 18 hybrids. References 1. Abdel, A.A, S.A Saleh, M.A Ashoub and M.M. El-Gazzer 1984. Correlation study between leaf surface, head characteristics and yield of certain sunflower cultivars in Egypt. Seed abstracts 1989 Ab.no 02370. 2. Abdel-Motogally, F..M..F., and E.A Osman..2010. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization combinations on productivity of two sunflower cultivars under east of Elewinate condition.american Eurasian J.Agrica and environmental. Sci, 8(4): 397-99 3. Allam, A.Y and A.H Galal. 1996 Effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant density on yield and quality of sunflower Assiut J.Agric Sci, 27, no 2, 169-177. 4. Al-Thabet, S.S.2006. Effect of plant spacing and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus Annus L.) J. Agric. Sci., 19: 1-11. 5. Anonymous. 2009-2010. Agricultural statistics of Pakistan 2009-10, Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of food, Agriculture and livestock, economic wing. Islamabad, Pakistan.
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