THREE WORLDS MEET CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1: PEOPLING THE AMERICAS SECTION 2: NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES AROUND 1492 Mitten CSHS AMAZ History Semester 1
Peopling the Americas Three Worlds Meet Main Idea - In ancient times, migrating peoples settled the Americas, where their descendents developed complex societies Why it Matters Now Patterns of immigration have always shaped and continue to shape American history
Peopling the Americas Ancient Peoples Come to the Americas ~22,000 years ago Humans come from Asia to N. America via Beringia Hunted big-game woolly mammoth ~12,000 years ago Ice Age ends; Beringia disappears Big-game disappears; humans forage or hunt small-game ~10,000-5,000 years ago Humans in Mexico begin growing crops Some cultures remain nomadic moving in search of food and water
Discussion Why was the development of agriculture important? What does it allow humans to do?
Paleo-Indian Age Clovis Points Projectile points medium/large spear Similar projectiles are found all across the Americas
Review Where did the first people to inhabit the Americas come from and how did they get there? They were from Asia (modern Russia) and they walked across a land bridge known as Beringia. What did they do to survive and how do we know this? Hunted big game mammoth bones and other artifacts such as Clovis Points Where was evidence found of early native agricultural efforts? Central Mexico estimated to have begun some 5 to 10 thousand years ago.
Complex Societies Flourish Early Cultures in the Americas About 3,000 years ago, inhabitants begin forming large communities Empires of Middle and South America Olmec: 1200 BCE till mysterious collapse in 400 BCE Maya: 250-900 CE in Guatemala Aztec: 1200 CE in the Valley of Mexico Inca: establish massive empire around 1200 CE in western South America These cultures built large cities, palaces, pyramids, and most had writing systems
Complex Societies Flourish Ancient Desert Farmers People have lived in Arizona for at least 11,000 years Groups establish civilizations, 300 BCE to 1400 CE Hohokam settled in Salt River Valley; dug canals Anasazi lived on mesas or in cliff sides near Four Corners Mogollon developed in the mountains of Eastern Arizona
Complex Societies Flourish Mound Builders In eastern N. America, Adena, Hopewell, Mississippian cultures establish trading societies Adena, Hopewell build huge burial and animal-shaped mounds Mississippian people build giant pyramidal mounds
North American Societies Around 1492 Sect. 2 Main Idea: The varied landscapes of North America encouraged the diversity of Native American cultures N. America West Coast/PNW Large communities reliant on water for resources Kwakiutl gather shellfish, hunt whales, otters, seals Place totems (symbols of ancestral spirits) on masks, boats, poles (totem poles) Potlatches elaborate ceremonies where families give away possessions
Diverse Native Americans Southwest By 1300, Pueblo settle near waterways, build multistory houses Hopi, Acoma live near cliffs, develop irrigation Grow corn, beans, squash Eastern Woodlands Tribes like Iroquois build villages in forests; farm, hunt, gather Wood had many uses tools, shelter, weapons, ceremonial
Diverse Native Americans Northeast Harsh winters lead to reliance on wild animals meat, pelts Farming not common
Shared Cultural Patterns Native American societies differed greatly, but held some similarities such as: Trade patterns Attitudes towards use of land Some religious beliefs/social values
Shared Cultural Patterns Trading Patterns Trade brought different Native American peoples into contact Different groups had reputations for certain skills or goods Nootka in PNW known for whale meat Some goods traveled thousands of miles away from source
Shared Cultural Patterns Land Use Native Americans consider land the source of life, not to be sold We cannot sell the lives of men and animals, therefore we cannot sell this land. Land only disturbed for necessities farming, shelter For Europeans, land = power and wealth.
When we dig roots, we make little holes. When we build houses, we make little holes We shake down acorns and pinenuts we do not chop down the trees. We only use dead wood for fires But the white people plow up the ground, pull down the trees, and the tree says, Do not. I am sore. Do not hurt me. - Freedom and Culture
Shared Cultural Patterns Religious Beliefs Most Native American peoples believed spirits filled the natural world; ancestors guided the living Social Organizations Kinship (strong ties among family members) was important across most Native Americans Society was organized around families
Credits http://www.ccsf.edu/library/exhibits/olmec1.jpg http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/parasites2006/enterobius/beringia.jpg http://artswork.asu.edu/arts/students/content/comdrama/hohokam_culturemap.jpg http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/westweb/ancient/hohokam/graphics/hohokamrocks.jpg http://blendradioandtv.com/tucson_az/pottery-collection.jpg http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/collections/rla/images/beringia.jpg http://www.native-art-in-canada.com/image-files/moundbuilder-sites-map.png https://eee.uci.edu/clients/tcthorne/map/adenahopewellmoundbuilders.jpg http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20230/map%20adenahopewellmiss.jpg