Epic Epic Epic Study Guide
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Conquistadors Cortes Malinche Pizarro Sapa Inca Tupac Milpas Maize Potatoes Chasquis Vocab: Slash and Burn Terraces Empire Montezuma Pachacuti Sacrifice Tribute Galleons Disease (Smallpox) Quipus Mita Hummingbird on the Left Inti Chaac Floating Gardens Halach Uinic City States Pok-a-Tok Proxy War Staple Crop
Mayans (Classic Period) Incas Aztecs 300------------900 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1230--------------------------------------1532 1250------------------------------1521
Mayans 300-900 The Mayans were a civilization located on and around the Yucatan Peninsula, in modern day Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize. Rather than being an Empire, the Mayans were a group of independent city-states.
Society Use your "Class Structure" Outline to complete this pyramid of Mayan Society Jobs/responsibilities of each class: ------------------------ ------------------- --------------- -----------
Common Mayan men typically worked as farmers, laborers and hunters. The number four was very important to Mayan boys and men because it represented the sides of the maize fields (or milpas) where they would spend most of their lives. The number three was very important to Mayan girls and women because it represented the three stones of the fireplace where women would spend most of their lives.
Food Staple Crop of the Mayans was Maize Grown on fields called milpas Mayans used a style of agriculture (still used by people in the area today) called slash and burn. This led to soil exhaustion and forced the Mayans to move fields every 2-3 years.
Sacrifice The Mayans used human sacrifice to mark special occasions. -List 3 possible events that would be deserving of human sacrifice. Most of the Mayan sacrificial victims were killed to honor the Rain God. For this reason they were painted blue.
Other Pok-a-tok was the Mayan ballgame that was extremely popular. Every city-state had at least one court, and the game was played by nobles. In addition to being entertaining, Pok-a-Tok also played an important religious ( ) and political ( ) role.
List two signs of Mayan beauty, and explain how each was achieved. 1.) 2.)
Unlike the Inca and Aztec Empires which were both conquered by Spanish Conquistadors, the Mayan civilization declined. Why do we call it a decline instead of a collapse? List five causes for the decline of Mayan Civilization.
Incan Empire 1230-1532 The Incan Empire was located in the Andes Mountains, in modern day Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. The greatest emperor (Sapa Inca), was named Pachacuti, which means "he who shakes the earth"
The staple crop of the Incas was the potato, which was relatively easy to grow at high altitudes. The Inca used agricultural terraces to create flat, farmable land high in the Andes mountains. Because the Incas had no system of writing, they used Quipos to record statistical information. These quipos and verbal messages were transported along a network of roads and bridges by Chasquis, a highly trained team of relay runners.
The Incan army was very large due to a military service requirement, similar to a draft, known as the mita. From the central capital of Cuzco, the Sapa Inca (Emperor) ruled over an empire with the help of nobles. In the Incan empire a noble was known as a Tupac
Define Capacocha, how is it different from the sacrifice practiced by the Mayans and Aztecs? December 11, 2014
Aztecs 1250-1521 Founding Myth: Searching for an Eagle sitting on a Cactus eating a Serpent. After seeing this, they built their capital of Tenochtitlan in Lake Texcoco, in Central Mexico
Similar to the Mayans, the staple crop of the Aztecs was Maize. They grew their crops on man made pieces of land known as Floating Gardens The Aztecs practiced human sacrifice on a much larger scale than the Mayans. They believed that their chief deity "Hummingbird on the Left" (the sun god) needed human blood to rise again every morning.
Conquistadors The Spanish Conquistadors travelled across the Atlantic on massive ships known as galleons. Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortes arrived. The deadliest weapon the Spanish brought was smallpox
After seeing the wealth that Cortes had acquired from the Aztecs, Francisco Pizarro travelled to the Pacific coast in search of the gold and silver of the Inca Empire. December 11, 2014
Motivations of the Conquistadors 1.) 2.) 3.)
Columbian Exchange "the cultural exchange between Europeans and American civilizations brought about after Columbus "discovered" the New World." List 5 things the Spanish had that the Aztecs had never seen before: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) List 5 things the Aztecs had that the Spanish had never seen before: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.)
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