Famil: Mrtaceae Taxo: Szgium jambos Som: ) Eugeia jambos L. (basiom) Commo Name: jambos Malabar-plum rose-apple Questioaire : curret 20090513 Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Patti Clifford Desigatio: H(HPWRA) Data Etr Perso: Patti Clifford WRA Score 20 101 Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, =-1 103 Does the species have weed races? =1, =-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio 205 302 Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, =-1 405 Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 1 of 6
411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, =-1 603 Hbridizes aturall =1, =-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic =1, =-1 605 Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, =-1 607 Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = -1 701 Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, =-1 703 Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, =-1 704 Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, =-1 705 Propagules water dispersed =1, =-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed =1, =-1 707 Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, =-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, =-1 801 Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, =-1 802 Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, =-1 803 Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, =-1 805 Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 20 Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 2 of 6
Supportig Data: 101 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Is the species highl domesticated?? No] No evidece of domesticatio that reduces ivasive characteristics. 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Has the species become aturalized where grow?] NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Does the species have weed races?] NA 201 2011. USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network (GRIN) [Olie Database Idex]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Beltsville, Marlad. http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 202 2011. USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network (GRIN) [Olie Database Idex]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Beltsville, Marlad. http://www.ars-gri.gov/cgibi/pgs/html/idex.pl 203 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto 203 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 204 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto 205 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto 205 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 301 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical"?] Probable origi Malesia. [Qualit of climate match data?] Probable origi Malesia. [Broad climate suitabilit? Yes] "The rose apple flourishes i the tropical ad eartropical climates ol. I Jamaica, it is aturalized from ear sea-level up to a altitude of 3,000 ft (915 m); i Hawaii, from sea-level to 4,000 ft (1,200 m). I Idia, it rages up to 4,400 ft (1,350 m); i Ecuador, to 7,500 ft (2,300 m). At the upper limits, as i Califoria, the tree grows vigorousl but will ot bear fruit." [Broad climate suitabilit? Yes] 0-2300 m. Does ot produce fruit at higher elevatios. [ Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates?] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Itroduced rage: Ivasive i the Caribbea, Hawaii, Galapagos, Sechelles, Fiji, Cook Islads, Mauritius ad a small part of Australia. Itroduced but ot cosidered ivasive i souther Africa ad Tazaia, southeaster USA, Mexico ad tropical South America." [Naturalized beod ative rage?] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." 302 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed?] Scored as a evirometal weed. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 3 of 6
303. Bigelli, P.. The huma dimesios of ivasive wood plats. http://members.multimaia.co.uk/woodplatecol og/docs/mcneel01-145.pdf 304 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 305 2007. Richarc, A./Rame, V.. Ivasive ad oative plats ou should kow, recogitio cards Publ. No.SP431. UF/IFAS Ceter for Aquatic ad Ivasive Plats, http://plats.ifas.ufl.edu/ode/441 401 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 402 2004. Kueffer, C./Laverge, C.. Case studies o the status of ivasive wood plat species i the Wester Idia Ocea 4. Reuio. Food ad Agriculture Orgaizatio of the Uited Natios, Rome http://www.fao.org/forestr/6842-04f45dce1364a6bd9ed43e68e8d39 [ Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? Yes] "Similarl o Pitcair Islad the dese ad extesive root mat produced b mature Szgium jambos trees is detrimetal to shiftig agriculture or i agroforestr sstems." [Evirometal weed? Yes] "Forms dese, fast growig caopies that block out light for lower vegetatio, leadig to moospecific stads. Trees are able to resprout quickl if damaged. Has the abilit to ivade udisturbed forest due to shade tolerace. Rapidl ivades disturbed areas.' [Cogeeric weed? Yes] Szgium cumii is a ivasive weed i Florida, where it forms dese caopies that shade out oug ative trees i wet pilads, hammocks, ad well draied uplads. [Produces spies, thors or burrs? Yes] "Trees 6-15 m tall, bark graish brow, smooth, glabrous throughout. Leaves thi, coriaceous, somewhat pedet, arrowl laceolate." [Allelopathic?] Szgium jambos has bee reported to exhibit allelopathic effects. 403 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Parasitic? No] Mrtaceae. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 404 1996. Dhakal,M.R./Aziz, A.. Geeral surve of fodder trees ad shrubs of Biratagar ad [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] Szgium jambos is used as fodder for goats i Biratagar. surroudig localit. Tribhuva Uiversit Joural. 19: 77-82.http://epjol.ifo/idex.php/TUJ/article/viewFile /3882/3311 405 2011. Natioal Ceter for Biotecholog Iformatio. PubMed. U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie, Bethesda, Marlad http://www.cbi.lm.ih.gov/ [Toxic to aimals? No] No evidece of toxicit. 406 2008. Cao, P.. Developig a agreemet for the Uiversit of Vicosa, i Brazil, to stud guava rust for the State of Hawaii. USDA Forest Service, http://www.fs.fed.us/outeret/r6/r/fid/iat/reports/c etral-south-america/2008-cao-brazilguava_rust. 407 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Yes] Szgium jambos is extremel vulerable to Pucciia psidii rust. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "Aroud the tropical world, rose apples are mostl eate out-of-had b childre. The are seldom marketed. I the home, the are sometimes stewed with some sugar ad served as dessert." Medicial uses: "I Idia, the fruit is regarded as a toic for the brai ad liver. A ifusio of the fruit acts as a diuretic. A sweeteed preparatio of the flowers is believed to reduce fever. The seeds are emploed agaist diarrhea, dseter ad catarrh. I Nicaragua, it has bee claimed that a ifusio of roasted, powdered seeds is beeficial to diabetics. The sa i Colombia that the seeds have a aesthetic propert. The leaf decoctio is applied to sore ees, also serves as a diuretic ad expectorat ad treatmet for rheumatism. The juice of macerated leaves is take as a febrifuge. Powdered leaves have bee rubbed o the bodies of smallpox patiets for the coolig effect. The bark cotais 7-12.4% tai. It is emetic ad cathartic. The decoctio is admiistered to relieve asthma, brochitis ad hoarseess. Cuba people believe that the root is a effective remed for epileps." 408 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece of biomass loadig o ecosstems. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 4 of 6
409 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 410 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto 410 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] Prefers full su but is shade tolerat. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)? Yes] "A deep, loam soil is cosidered ideal for the rose apple but it is ot too exactig, for it flourishes also o sad ad limestoe with ver little orgaic matter." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)? Yes] Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios. 411 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] Tree 6-15 m tall. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 412 2003. Motooka, P./Castro, L./Nelso, D./Nagai, G./Chig,L.. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures ad [Forms dese thickets? Yes] Forms dese stads i mesic forests ad pastures, shadig out udergrowth. Natural Areas: A Idetificatio ad Maagemet Guide. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/ivweed/weedshi.htm l 501 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 502 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Grass? No] Mrtaceae. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 503 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Mrtaceae. 504 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No]. Tree. 601 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece. 602 1987. Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ewcrop/morto [Produces viable seed? Yes] Mail grow from seeds. 603 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall?] Ukow. 604 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 605 1994. Shivaramu, K./Jaga Moha, N.. Impact of bee flora i a platatio-based ecosstem. http://www.betuco.be/agroforestr/multipurpuse% 20tree%20idia%20.pdf#page=112 606 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] Fruits are produced after self-polliatio. [Requires specialist polliators? No] Szgium jambos trees were plated as bee foragig plats to assist polliatio ad hoe productio at the cetral horticultural experimet statio at Chettalli i Kodagu. [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Yes]. Dispersed b vegetative fragmets i flowig water. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 5 of 6
607 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 701. Bigelli, P.. The huma dimesios of ivasive wood plats. http://members.multimaia.co.uk/woodplatecol og/docs/mcneel01-145.pdf 702 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >3] Fruits are produced after five ears. [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Yes] "Similarl o Pitcair Islad the dese ad extesive root mat produced b mature Szgium jambos trees is detrimetal to shiftig agriculture or i agroforestr sstems." [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] Itroduced b humas for use as a orametal tree, fruit tree or for fuel. 703 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] No evidece of produce cotamiatio. 704 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] Berries. 705 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja 706 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 707 1999. Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. 708 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja [Propagules dispersed b? Yes] Seeds ad root fragmets are dispersed b flowig water. [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] Berries subglobose, 2-4 cm log. Seed usuall oe. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] Berries. [o meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Yes] The fruit is dispersed b humas ad pigs. 802 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)?] Ukow. 803 2003. Motooka, P./Castro, L./Nelso, D./Nagai, G./Chig,L.. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures ad [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Yes]. "Sesitive to picloram applied cut-surface ad to glphosate applied to drilled holes. Good cotrol with triclopr applied Natural Areas: A Idetificatio ad Maagemet basal bark ad cut-surface(30)." Guide. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/ivweed/weedshi.htm l 804 2011. Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., http://www.tropicalbiolog.org/research/dip/species/szgium%20ja [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Forms dese, fast growig caopies that block out light for lower vegetatio, leadig to moospecific stads. Trees are able to resprout quickl if damaged. Has the abilit to ivade udisturbed forest due to shade tolerace. Rapidl ivades disturbed areas." 805 2011. WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)?] Ukow. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 6 of 6