New Insect Traits in Corn Glenn Studebaker Extension Entomologist
Insect Pests of Arkansas Corn Soil Insects Wireworms White Grubs Seed Corn Maggot Southern Corn Rootworm Fire Ants Seedling Insects Cutworms Chinch Bugs Stink Bugs Aphids Flea Beetles Whorl Insects Corn Earworm Fall Armyworm Ear Insects Corn Earworm Fall Armyworm Stink Bugs Stalk Insects Southwestern Corn Borer European Corn Borer Sugar Cane Borer
Corn Insect Traits Caterpillar Events Cry1Ab Cry1F Cry2Ab Cry1A.105 Vip3A Rootworm Events Cry3Bb1 Cry35Ab1 Cry34Ab1 Cry3Bb2
Caterpillar Events Most active against the borers Southwestern European Sugarcane (south AR?) Some activity against others: Corn earworm Fall armyworm
Rootworm Events Active against Northern corn rootworm Western corn rootworm Mexican corn rootworm Very little activity against Southern corn rootworm Predominant species in Arkansas
Tradmark Traits Proteins YieldGard Corn Borer Bt Cry1Ab YieldGard Rootworm Rootworm Cry3Bb1 YieldGard Plus Bt + Rootworm Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 RoundUp Ready 2 RR2 RR2 YieldGard Corn Borer RR2 Bt + RR2 Cry1Ab + RR2 YieldGard Rootworm RR2 Rootworm + RR2 Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard Plus RR2 Bt + Rootworm + RR2 Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard VT Rootworm RR2 Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) YieldGard VT Triple Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) + Cry1Ab YieldGard VT Pro Bt (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) YieldGard VT Triple Pro Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) + (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) Herculex I Bt Cry1F Herculex Rootworm Rootworm Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 Herculex Xtra Bt + Rootworm Cry1F + Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 SmartStax Bt + Rootworm + RR2 + LL Viptera Bt Vip3A Cry3Bb2, RR2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F, LL
Tradmark Traits Proteins YieldGard Corn Borer Bt Cry1Ab YieldGard Rootworm Rootworm Cry3Bb1 YieldGard Plus Bt + Rootworm Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 RoundUp Ready 2 RR2 RR2 YieldGard Corn Borer RR2 Bt + RR2 Cry1Ab + RR2 YieldGard Rootworm RR2 Rootworm + RR2 Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard Plus RR2 Bt + Rootworm + RR2 Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard VT Rootworm RR2 Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) YieldGard VT Triple Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) + Cry1Ab YieldGard VT Pro Bt (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) YieldGard VT Triple Pro Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) + (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) Herculex I Bt Cry1F Herculex Rootworm Rootworm Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 Herculex Xtra Bt + Rootworm Cry1F + Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 SmartStax Bt + Rootworm + RR2 + LL Viptera Bt Vip3A Cry3Bb2, RR2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F, LL
Tradmark Traits Proteins YieldGard Corn Borer Bt Cry1Ab YieldGard Plus Bt + Rootworm Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 RoundUp Ready 2 RR2 RR2 YieldGard Corn Borer RR2 Bt + RR2 Cry1Ab + RR2 YieldGard Plus RR2 Bt + Rootworm + RR2 Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard VT Triple Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) + Cry1Ab YieldGard VT Pro Bt (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) YieldGard VT Triple Pro Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) + (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) Herculex I Bt Cry1F Herculex Xtra Bt + Rootworm Cry1F + Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 SmartStax Bt + Rootworm + RR2 + LL Viptera Bt Vip3A Cry3Bb2, RR2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F, LL
Tradmark Traits Proteins YieldGard Corn Borer Bt Cry1Ab YieldGard Plus Bt + Rootworm Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 RoundUp Ready 2 RR2 RR2 YieldGard Corn Borer RR2 Bt + RR2 Cry1Ab + RR2 YieldGard Plus RR2 Bt + Rootworm + RR2 Cry1Ab + Cry3Bb1 + RR2 YieldGard VT Triple Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) + Cry1Ab YieldGard VT Pro Bt (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) YieldGard VT Triple Pro Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) + (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) Herculex I Bt Cry1F Herculex Xtra Bt + Rootworm Cry1F + Cry34Ab1 + Cry35Ab1 SmartStax Bt + Rootworm + RR2 + LL Viptera Bt Vip3A Cry3Bb2, RR2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F, LL
Tradmark Traits Proteins YieldGard Corn Borer Bt Cry1Ab RoundUp Ready 2 RR2 RR2 YieldGard Corn Borer RR2 Bt + RR2 Cry1Ab + RR2 YieldGard VT Pro Bt (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) YieldGard VT Triple Pro Bt + Rootworm + RR2 (Cry1A.105 & Cry2Ab) + (Cry3Bb1 + RR2) Herculex I Bt Cry1F SmartStax Bt + Rootworm + RR2 + LL Viptera Bt Vip3A Cry3Bb2, RR2, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry1F, LL
VT Triple Pro Corn Gibson Co., TN 2009 Kernel Damage per 10 Ears (low pressure)
VT Triple Pro Corn Spring Hill, TN 2009 Kernel Damage per 30 Ears (moderate pressure)
VT Triple Pro and SmartStax Corn Madison Co., TN - 2009 Kernel Damage per 10 Ears (high pressure)
VT Triple Pro and SmartStax Corn Madison Co., TN 2009 CEW per 10 Ears
Effect of Smartstax and Other Bt Traits on Fall Armyworm Whorl Infestation and Damage a a b b b b b b b b Protected LSD, P = 0.05 Davis et al. (1992) scale: 0= no damage, 9=whorl&furl destroyed
Effect of Smartstax and Other Bt Traits on Percentage of Ear Infested and Damaged by Corn Earworm Protected LSD, P = 0.05
Effect of Smartstax and other Bt Traits on Corn Earworm Infestation in Ears of Field Corn, Spalding Co., GA, 2009 2.48 a 2.15 a 1.55 b 1.05 c 0.85 c Number at top of bar is total larvae per ear; different letter indicate significant difference LSD α = 0.05.
Effect of VT3PRO Bt Trait on Corn Earworm Infestation in Ears of Field Corn at Tifton and Plains, GA, 2009
Effect of Smartstax and Other Bt Traits on Corn Kernel Damage by Corn Earworm Protected LSD, P = 0.05
Non Bt YieldGard CB Herculex 1 VT3PRO Smartstax (VT3P, HXX)
Viptera Vip3A Bt vegetative protein Active against multiple caterpillar pests Appears to be more active against ear feeders
Viptera Trial in Corn (Milk) Starkville, MS 2009
Viptera Trial in Corn (Dough) Starkville, MS 2009
VT3P Strip Trial Test Starkville, MS 2009
VT3P Strip Trial Test Starkville, MS 2009
Benefits of Earworm, Armyworm Control Slight yield increase depending on pressure Biggest benefit in the south may be lower ear damage which could translate into lower incidence of aflatoxin.
Refuge Requirements Refuge is 50% non-bt corn for Yieldgard and Herculex corn in Arkansas Refuge is 20% for Yieldgard Triple Pro and SmartStax If refuge is a separate field it must be ½ mile or closer to Bt corn.
Refuge Compliance EPA has been informally monitoring compliance. Compliance has been dropping across country. Measures to increase compliance will be taken in future.
Questions?