Horticulture List of Tables 8.1: Area, Production & Productivity of Fruits in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) 8.2: Area / Production Data under Fruit Crops 8.3: Area under Major Horticulture Crops 8.4: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-A) 8.5: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-B) 8.6: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-C) 8.7: Availability and Distribution of Fruit Plants 8.8: Details of Plant Protection Machinery 8.9: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-A) 8.10: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-B) 8.11: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-C) 8.12: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-A) 8.13: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-B) 8.14: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-C) 8.15: Export of Almond and Foreign Exchange Earned 8.16: Export of Walnut and Foreign Exchange Earned 8.17: Wholesale Average Rate of Fresh Fruits 8.18: Export of Fruits outside the State through Fruit Mandi
Table 8.1: Area, Production & Productivity of Fruits in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) Year Kind of Fruit Area (in Lakh ha.) 2013-14 2014-15 Production (Lakh MT) Productivity (per ha.) Fresh 2.43 18.55 7.63 Dry 1.12 2.6 2.32 Total 3.55 21.17 5.96 Fresh 2.47 20.19 8.17 Dry 1.13 2.57 2.27 Total 3.6 22.76 6.32 Table 8.2: Area / Production data under Fruit Crops Year Area (in ha.) Production (MT) 2010-11 325133 2220493 2011-12 342795 2161034 2012-13 347223 1742142 2013-14 355921 2117299 2014-15 360000 1947000 Source (Tables 8.1& 8.2): Directorate of Economics & Statistics, J&K (Economic Survey 2014-15, Vol. II) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 15.01.2016)
8.3: Area under Major Horticulture Crops (2012-13) (in ha.) District Apple Pear Apricot Peach Plum Cherry Citrus Mango Ber Others Total Anantnag 16539 1057 337 239 375 199 0 0 0 242 18988 Kulgam 16766 894 124 125 206 72 0 0 0 218 18405 Pulwama 11425 687 87 43 59 45 0 0 0 12 12358 Shopian 21625 396 24 6 6 745 0 0 0 97 22899 Srinagar 3089 353 160 76 249 1254 0 0 0 450 5631 Ganderbal 5716 312 108 92 149 804 0 0 0 244 7425 Budgam 14649 1784 62 51 953 185 0 0 0 594 18278 Baramulla 24661 645 120 56 0 207 19 0 0 263 25971 Bandipora 5605 115 60 14 24 74 0 0 0 0 5892 Kupwara 18942 433 54 37 41 104 3 0 0 18 19632 Leh 732 3 775 4 0 1 0 0 0 2 1517 Kargil 407 26 1451 5 0 9 0 0 0 4 1902 Jammu 0 1 0 19 5 0 2166 4749 2783 2125 11848 Samba 0 10 0 9 5 0 1604 1482 3421 1166 7697 Udhampur 1063 720 250 280 113 0 1663 974 223 981 6268 Reasi 930 307 65 129 80 0 1712 840 118 733 4914 Doda 5314 1399 332 149 109 9 50 0 0 589 7951 Kishtwar 2309 200 650 158 207 10 9 0 0 39 3582 Ramban 3322 492 283 124 88 10 34 0 0 458 4811 Kathua 877 650 36 84 68 0 2795 3820 744 2657 11731 Rajouri 1227 1595 416 265 549 0 3464 633 615 1699 10463 Poonch 2082 1623 892 607 1322 0 363 0 0 1508 8397 Total J&K 157280 13702 6285 2572 4608 3728 13882 12498 7904 14099 236559 Source: Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-13) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 02.11.2015)
Table 8.4: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-A) (Area in ha & Production in MT) Fruit 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Name Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Fresh Fruits Apple 86651 929022 88149 751310 90080 909583 94874 953946 100702 1041538 Pear 9110 29241 9169 31324 9674 35608 9858 36089 10175 39920 Apricot 3953 6604 4012 7139 4099 5620 4234 5835 4349 12675 Peach 1686 1439 1684 1672 1702 2256 1677 2460 1889 2082 Plum 2867 3856 2876 4060 2856 4679 2903 4320 3328 3757 Cherry 2293 5316 2368 5293 2384 7164 2594 7703 2531 7306 Grapes 218 1475 221 311 208 328 211 375 227 329 Citrus 9615 13296 9479 11591 9461 11597 9659 9111 10000 14718 Olive 206 2 213 4 231 2 276 2 291 2 Mango (G) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mango (D) 7375 10551 7459 8779 7471 7057 7562 6680 7700 12906 Ber 7568 8972 7570 5436 7423 5657 7362 5477 0 12427 Aonla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7683 0 Guava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kiwi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Fresh 7476 11232 7654 10373 6636 11336 7273 13749 8710 18226 Total 139018 1021006 140854 837292 142225 1000887 148483 1045747 157585 1165886 Dry Fruits Walnut 59428 74906 59900 83399 61782 86263 66340 90032 69182 94579 Almond 18817 9672 18059 10901 17247 9879 16526 10621 15379 13263 Peacan-nut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Dry 282 189 226 208 335 179 378 187 400 183 Total Dry 78527 84767 78185 94508 79364 96321 83244 100840 84961 108025 Grand Total 217545 1105773 219039 931800 221589 1097208 231727 1146587 242546 1273911 Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.5: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-B) (Area in ha & Production in MT) Fruit 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Name Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Fresh Fruits Apple 107925 1093275 111881 1151712 119041 1222176 127795 1311845 133102 1332812 Pear 10541 40250 10995 42358 11250 43089 12102 45860 12350 47392 Apricot 4932 11975 5252 12380 5428 13158 4780 12766 4923 13492 Peach 1940 2130 2112 2353 2238 2375 2234 4256 2261 4400 Plum 3391 3710 3579 4124 3858 4711 3841 7810 3931 8140 Cherry 2554 7365 2587 8149 2753 8730 3137 10629 3294 10576 Grapes 229 333 262 374 238 380 282 532 290.00 551 Citrus 10397 15157 10907 18227 11026 18445 11806 19208 12286 18778 Olive 306 5 361 10 407 13 454 12 466 13 Mango (G) 0 0 0 0 9334 17671 0 0 5595 11519 Mango (D) 7984 13292 8863 14895 0 0 10323 21044 5104 38278 Ber 7967 12799 8100 15760 7935 18286 7815 16245 7815 16333 Aonla 207 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kiwi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 9195 17313 10197 18954 11208 24725 11567 27713 11903 27628 Fresh Total 167568 1217604 175096 1289296 184716 1373759 196136 1477920 203320 1529912 Dry Fruits Walnut 74894 100596 77226 109167 81393 114926 82045 146781 84558 147642 Almond 15433 13473 15549 14327 16374 15192 16405 11261 17182 12043 Peacan-nut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Dry 416 188 413 202 602 224 555 241 561 251 Total Dry 90743 114257 93188 123696 98369 130342 99005 158283 102301 159936 Grand Total 258311 1331861 268284 1412992 283085 1504101 295141 1636203 305621 1689848 Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.6: Area and Production of Fruits (Part-C) (Area in ha & Production in MT) Fruit Name 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Area Production Area Production Area Production Area Production Fresh Fruits Apple 138191 1372973 141717 1852412 154720 1756192 157280 1348149 Pear 12547 47982 12536 52503 13218 47820 13883 54847 Apricot 5248 15609 5856 15572 6051 10310 6287 14501 Peach 2364 4262 2425 4781 2510 3910 2772 4855 Plum 4085 7687 4335 8603 4341 8102 4628 8682 Cherry 3412 10910 3469 11445 3488 11467 3728 11122 Grapes 306 543 310 569 329 803 344 746 Citrus 12756 19067 13436 18988 13655 19734 13882 20814 Olive 430 20 481 22 514 77 533 22 Mango (G) 5659 3813 6784 11570 7291 8098 7466 8206 Mango (D) 5003 8252 5003 29524 5015 14762 5032 14884 Ber 7836 15917 7852 12756 7852 13074 7904 13200 Aonla 520 512 1248 669 1466 1248 1530 1324 Guava 2045 7238 2280 5444 2342 5608 2372 5692 Kiwi 2 1 14 1 45 2 18 1 Other Fresh 9376 19896 9311 20697 17348 47966 9121 17548 Total 209780 1534682 217057 2045556 240185 1949173 236780 1524593 Dry Fruits Walnut 87280 165024 89788 163745 83613 208738 93641 209051 Almond 17540 12515 17654 12506 16418 3258 15932 8208 Peacan-nut 461 20 428 15 551 0 619 12 Other Dry 144 170 148 170 2024 0 251 278 Total Dry 105425 177728 108018 176436 102606 211996 110443 217549 Grand Total 315204 1712409 325075 2221992 342791 2161169 347223 1742142 Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.7: Availability and Distribution of Fruit Plants Year Kashmir Province Jammu Province Total in State Plants Available Plants Distributed Plants Available Plants Distributed Plants Available 1975-76 6.17 2.27 2.38 1.35 8.55 3.62 1978-79 8.55 3.84 3.40 1.74 11.95 5.58 1979-80 10.80 2.17 5.43 2.45 16.23 4.62 1980-81 9.55 3.16 6.52 2.58 16.07 5.74 1985-86 6.77 2.17 7.71 2.81 14.48 4.98 1990-91 1.82 1.53 9.68 3.59 11.50 5.12 1995-96 2.19 1.44 7.25 3.35 9.44 4.79 1999-00 7.37 1.66 4.20 2.24 11.57 3.90 2000-01 6.95 1.91 6.21 2.97 13.16 4.88 2001-02 5.86 2.25 5.94 3.06 11.80 5.31 2002-03 5.59 2.01 7.94 4.73 13.53 6.74 2003-04 6.93 NA 5.17 3.36 12.10 3.36 * 2004-05 5.66 1.52 5.56 3.42 11.22 4.94 2005-06 15.01 3.23 9.30 4.28 24.31 7.51 2006-07 43.66 1.67 8.35 5.69 52.01 7.36 # 2007-08 8.57 4.45 8.41 5.7 16.98 10.19 2008-09 8.53 2.82 6.15 5.05 14.68 7.87 2009-10 6.40 2.18 4.75 2.71 11.15 4.89 2010-11 6.09 6.09 6.20 3.10 12.29 9.10 2011-12 7.65 2.50 6.76 3.48 14.41 5.98 2012-13 1.92 1.56 4.30 2.68 6.22 4.24 * excluding Plants Distributed in Kashmir Province, # excluding Plants Distributed in Leh District, (in Lakh) Plants Distributed NA: Not Available Source: Directorate of Economic & Statistics Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-13) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 02.11.2015)
Table 8.8: Details of Plant Protection Machinery Year Power Sprayer Foot Pumps Numbers Supplied Subsidy Involved (Rs. in Lakh) Numbers Supplied Subsidy Involved (Rs. in Lakh) 1987-88 155 7.27 559 2.10 1990-91 44 1.32 32 0.27 1995-96 507 15.21 1235 10.50 1996-97 550 16.50 1736 14.76 1997-98 249 7.49 1320 10.89 1998-99 129 3.87 979 8.07 1999-00 112 3.36 2213 18.257 2000-01 178 8.40 678 5.59 2001-02 350 17.50 700 9.51 2002-03 600 30.00 2800 25.55 2003-04 567 28.55 1575 13.99 2004-05 499 24.95 1704 14.85 2005-06 609 30.45 3200 35.11 2009-10 (P) 394 20.23 1295 19.34 2011-12 (P) * 2656 318.72 378 5.67 2012-13 960 366.07 467 7.20 P Provisional, * indicates position of Kashmir. Division only. Source: Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-13) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 02.11.2015)
Table 8.9: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-A) (in MT) Month 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables April 12039.20 29186.60 15259.70 14759.10 16176.10 31914.50 May 20373.75 21847.20 24152.00 22814.20 2594.35 2985.40 June 26373.75 25847.20 17509.00 16908.20 3026.02 2253.76 July 16234.80 11932.60 11845.90 9247.70 16310.60 13892.95 August 11006.80 10109.00 9114.10 6921.90 10893.40 19103.48 September 10683.40 10022.10 10337.80 10300.70 11125.90 8391.00 October 10525.10 21131.00 12392.70 13945.78 13081.30 12183.75 November 12896.90 10743.80 14010.35 39394.80 12410.85 16273.65 December 12981.60 20496.60 11576.35 2191 1.93 12234.85 22946.95 January 13830.60 17539.30 11281.15 1876.75 12137.60 21375.26 February 17866.10 17191.10 8867.15 14448.94 14661.70 18957.05 March 15432.30 28527.50 15006.80 26108.20 18588.19 27402.25 Total 180244.30 232574.00 161353.00 198638.20 143240.86 197680.00 Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.10: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-B) (in MT) Month 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09(P) Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables April 20359.25 28853.20 16325.80 22960.60 10323.50 13377.00 May 32419.15 21031.95 27850.50 21720.10 21791.20 16952.70 June 24437.45 15410.90 25697.30 15495.60 16051.20 12249.30 July 13855.00 6742.45 14302.10 8850.90 9903.30 7306.90 August 110770.85 136077.20 8749.80 8363.80 4491.00 6430.00 September 10456.85 11021.40 10126.20 10805.70 11046.80 9629.60 October 13399.75 11737.60 11597.80 14762.00 11433.10 823.90 November 14581.20 20106.10 6874.40 18400.60 11498.80 16507.80 December 12811.10 21470.30 24240.90 452.00 12974.30 12306.10 January 11735.95 19278.55 6730.80 15696.70 11864.80 20435.40 February 15912.10 14375.95 6141.60 13523.90 138225.40 671373.80 March 15944.10 21970.70 9291.40 16134.10 18906.30 29540.20 Total 296682.75 328076.30 167928.60 167166.00 278509.70 816932.70 P=Provisional
Table 8.11: Import of Fruits and Vegetables (Part-C) (in MT) Month 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables Fruit Vegetables April 17903.60 27084.40 14144.30 34474.70 21189.90 23453.54 May 20294.70 18675.80 24660.90 27692.00 27187.30 17972.80 June 18058.50 18757.40 24936.70 22079.30 26073.55 17250.75 July 11178.60 11110.70 16916.80 16137.10 18798.35 8510.75 August 6143.70 16601.60 11152.30 14648.60 11889.75 11455.05 September 6718.30 14538.00 10609.0 16085.10 8425.05 16371.20 October 10432.60 16347.00 10031.90 18813.20 8509.10 18856.09 November 10418.94 18404.00 13217.50 23579.40 10624.11 20762.67 December 10596.20 17674.40 12477.40 26858.50 12366.54 25731.92 January 10876.40 21939.30 10354.75 30364.90 12242.39 26854.59 February 22099.90 24503.10 12726.00 22872.30 17994.60 22280.05 March 14924.60 35887.40 23449.10 30662.60 27424.90 33702.80 Total 148769.64 241523.70 184676.65 284267.70 202725.54 243202.21 Source (Tables 8.10 & 8.11): Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.12: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-A) (in MT) Month 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Fresh Dry Fresh Dry Fresh Dry April 66.40 323.60 98.20 863.90 206.65 637.00 May 225.10 1760.90 17.94 98.63 1.00 6.45 June 2293.10 660.80 6141.92 849.50 2.87 9.70 July 18674.10 326.40 30014.20 404.60 100.87 35.02 August 34731.60 39.70 41772.20 407.30 27.70 16.30 September 61017.10 466.80 84165.30 1059.90 40.53 32.84 October 174195.70 2924.90 232975.20 3165.10 196446.25 2617.90 November 203400.70 1399.20 224766.90 1618.60 205768.30 1353.58 December 138148.30 1423.30 126755.70 1846.49 179122.40 1690.15 January 76441.70 1395.30 52080.60 1338.60 88124.50 872.48 February 48806.10 1302.60 11031.19 983.50 75595.22 1092.70 March 4401.20 869.00 10592.30 1341.10 14218.50 859.48 Total 762401.10 12892.50 820412.05 13977.22 759654.89 9223.60
Table 8.13: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-B) (in MT) Month 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Fresh Dry Fresh Dry Fresh Dry April 286.90 602.80 122.00 1134.61 182.90 1017.60 May 705.10 605.37 1240.50 913.95 760.00 1134.068 June 4291.30 813.45 4127.70 734.1 1 2460.90 1134.068 July 47.96 66.41 19612.10 821.30 2023.20 362.80 August 21688.93 397,02 34376.80 345.70 31349.83 264.37 September 174145.29 1447.62 112154.70 817.00 200450.60 1476.50 October 242852.40 2998.86 220049.10 3742.14 325744.88 2687.346 November 156632.60 711.59 177473.85 1873.20 273398.40 1243.336 December 50759.00 1821.30 106672.30 1796.22 137909.70 1396.50 January 23087.90 1757.02 51884.60 1203.61 75976.10 1598.50 February 3530.30 1344.10 3535.30 1361.88 29769.00 1383.40 March 432.90 1888.97 2461.40 1334.07 2639.38 1480.443 Total: 678440.58 14454.51 733710.35 16077.78 110925.75 15479.136 Source (Tables 8.12 & 8.13): Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 15.09.2015)
Table 8.14: Export of Fresh and Dry Fruits (Part-C) (in MT) Month 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Fresh Dry Fresh Dry Fresh Dry April 581.80 1087.9 446.90 1618.10 1515.35 1974.89 May 931.00 1850.6 449.70 2347.15 562.76 2111.45 June 5315.00 1266.9 1446.40 1139.60 1862.75 2078.17 July 23403.70 929.0 5 17120.30 14610.26 18802.77 1562.71 August 57166.00 120 0.74 46699.90 995.21 48959.31 1356.60 September 143586.40 636.29 170435.45 1827.96 232574.40 1659.35 October 341988.75 475 2.70 328290.45 4725.90 393941.68 4274.49 November 278365.15 227 7.41 237407.0 3094.90 286262.83 2164.08 December 172287.10 2985.47 149294.40 2944.80 118818.98 2719.15 January 50612.85 3048.93 58676.95 2865.28 51075.57 2490.16 February 11324.6 0 228 2.10 36684.70 2388.99 15732.20 1499.70 March 2095.70 1806.10 6883.20 2459.21 5519.90 1723.23 Total 1087638.05 251 24.16 1053832.95 27868.36 1176228.50 25613.98 Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 15.09.2015)
Table 8.15: Export of Almond and Foreign Exchange Earned Year Export (in MT) Foreign Exchange Earned (Rs. in Crore) 2000-01 20.00 0.22 2001-02 19.74 0.22 2002-03 21.00 0.22 2003-04 34.86 0.24 2004-05 302.01 1.19 2005-06 296.45 1.48 2006-07 260.88 1.82 2007-08 197.108 0.91 2010-11 81.29 1.44 2011-12 54.47 1.09 2012-13 181.00 5.90 Source: Directorate of Economic & Statistics, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-13) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 02.11.2015) Table 8.16: Export of Walnut and Foreign Exchange Earned Year In Shell Quantity Exported (in MT) Kernel Foreign Exchange Earned (Rs. in Crores) 2000-01 597 7145 109.94 2001-02 987 6415 117.78 2002-03 656 6976 121.23 2003-04 300 6001 99.30 2004-05 257 5417 92.83 2005-06 179 5077 114.47 2006-07 376 5061 118.02 2007-08 161 6531 160.53 2008-09 273 4000 NA 2010-11 235 3124 87.89 2011-12 142 4321 177.91 2012-13 309 4986 199.82 NA= Not Available Source: Directorate of Economic & Statistics Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir (Digest of Statistics, 2012-13) http://ecostatjk.nic.in/publications/publications.htm (accessed on 02.11.2015)
Table 8.17: Wholesale Average Rate of Fresh Fruits (in Rs. per Box) Year Delicious American Maharaji Kesri Hazrratbali Razahwari Pear Cherry 2000-01 318.39 268.93 228.56 192.83 141.50 166.49 420.00-2001-02 906.19 359.92 178.45 144.01 154.44 195.75 464.90-2002-03 355.08 298.42 198.55 146.11 205.63 208.75 401.05-2003-04 308.84 266.61 192.26 125.40 174.26 180.09 328.42-2004-05 384.61 279.76 207.56 168.00 272.67 222.83 397.91-2005-06 386.80 337.60 233.80 186.40 245.00-320.00-2006-07 393.00 240.00 288.00 210.00 182.00 231.00 325.00 90.00 2007-08 264.96 118.92 159.90 NA 73.00 133.50 309.00 673.00 2008-09 418.24 388.03 236.17-206.22 133.67 360.02 168.80 2010-11 436.31 414.08 296.28-241.11 547.37 347.37 137.36 2011-12 289.6 303.02 373.73-431.48 407.20 336.68 160.66 2012-13 437.00 238.00 277.00 213.00 316.00 512.00 267.00 94.00 NA= Not Available Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 12.09.2015)
Table 8.18: Export of Fruits outside the State through Fruit Mandi Year Fruit Mandi Pararnpora Srinagar Fruit Mandi Sopore Boxes Quantity Boxes Quantity (in No.) (MT) (in No.) (MT) 2000-01 2116000 38988.00 2202000 40034.00 2001-02 1414600 25462.70 3010600 54825.00 2002-03 2006500 35937.00 4182250 75284.00 2003-04 2659330 43352.35 4620951 84016.00 2004-05 3910650 71099.60 500100 90928.00 2005-06 3601500 65482.00 7022000 127673.00 2006-07 1688428 33768.56 5650000 282500.00 2007-08(P) 3635700 72714.00 11500000 200000.00 2008-09(P) 2918835 58277.00 11800000 236000.00 2011-12 2590079 47092.00 7200000 1310909 2012-13 2731934 43710.94 6656400 1065024 P: Provisional Source: Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir http://hortikashmir.gov.in (accessed on 15.09.2015)