(=;~rf/ k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg

(=;~rf/ k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;df k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfgsf] hgd ;g\!(*# df sf7df8f}+sf] c;gdf epsf] xf]. a'af z+s/nfn k wfg / dftf /Dafb]jL k wfgsf] h]i7 ;'k'ql ;fwgfsf] jfnosfn adf{ -Dofgdf/_df ljtof]. a'af z+s/nfn Jofkf/ Joj;fo u/l adf{df a:g'x'gyof]. To;}n] ;fwgfn] klg adf{ af6} siff & ;Ddsf] cwoog k'/f ug'{eof]. Tolta]nf adf{ / ef/t a]nfotsf] pklgj]z lyof]. g]kfndf /f0ff;f;gsf] rsrsl lyof]. ;ltk yf sfod} lyof]. 5f]/L dfg5]n] k9\g] / r'gg r'lgg kfpg] kfpb}gy]. lj=;+ @))) ;fndf hfkfgl ;]gfn] adf{df leif0f cfs d0f u of]. cgod'n'saf6 upsfx?nfo{ 7"nf] ;d:of eof]. Tolx ;dodf ;fwgfk wfgsf] kl/jf/ /ftf]lbg lx8]/ g]kfn kmls{g'eof]. adf{sf] v'nnf ;dfhdf x'ls{psl ;fwgf / pgsl jlxgl ;fwgfnfo{ g]kfnsf] aftfj/0fn] ps';d's'; jgfof]. Toltj]nf k hftgqsf] nflu rf/ zlxbn] Hofg u'dfo{ ;s]sf lyp. /f0ff;f;gsf lj?4 hgtf ;r]t agb} lyp. lj=;+= @))$ ;fndf dlxnfn] klg k9\g kfpg'k5{ egg] dfu /fv]/ h'n'; k bz{g eof]. pqm h'n';sf] g]lqtj ;fwgf k wfg, ;fxgf k wfgn] u/]. cfgbf]ngdf plgx? ;lxt rf/hgf dlxnfnfo{ ttsflng /f0ff ;/sf/n] ks ]/!^ lbg;dd y'gfdf /fvof]. ttsflng k wfgd+ql kb\d ;d;]/ ;+u olg} dfunfo{ hf]8bf/?kn] p7fp. plgx?sf] dfu k'/f ug]{ cf:jf;g lbp/ rf/} hgf dlxnfnfo{ y'gfd'qm u/]. @))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut] /f0ff;f;gsf] cgto ep kl5 @))* ;fndf ;fwgf k wfg ;Dkfbs ep/ dlxnfú dfl;s klqsf k sfzg eof]. ;fwgfsf] ;d'xdf sfdifb]jl, >Ldfof / rdkfb]jl jh frfo{ x'g'x'gyof]. pqm klqsfn] gf/l r]tgf / hfu/0fsf] ld;g k'/f ug]{ sfd u of]. pqm klqsfdf e'jgnfn k wfg, k ]djxfb'/ s+;fsf/ nufotsf k'?ifx?n] gf/l;dfgtfjf/] n]v n]v]/ 5kfPsf] b]lvg5. To;eGbf klxn] g]kfndf dlxnf ;Dkfbs ep/ klqsf k sfzg epsf] lypg. o;/l g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;df k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs jgg'eof] ;fwgfk wfg. o;}qmddf ;fwgfn] g]kfn sdo'lgi6 kf6l{sf] ;b:otf k fkt ug'{eof]. kf6l{, sfd / kqsfl/tfs} cleofgdf dgdf]xg clwsf/l ;Fu e]63f6 eof]. lrghfg eof]. dg ldnof], / @)!! ;fndf plgx?ljr cgt/hftlo ljjxf ;DkGg eof]. ljjxf kzrft ;fwgfsf] /fhgllts s[oflzntf /f]lsof]. lj/f6gu/sf] jflnsf ljbfnodf ltgbzs egbf j8l c+u ]hl lzlifsf x'g' eof]. 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ lzifflbiff lbb} >LdfgnfO{ /fhgllts jftfj/0f ldnfolbg' eof]. @)%! ;fnsf] dwofjlw r'gfj kl5 dgdf]xg clwsf/l d'n'ssf] klxnf] sdo'lgi6 k wfgd+ql jgg' eof]. t/, ;fwgfn] slxno} kbsf] b'?kof]u ug'{ epg. Pshgf cfb{z lzlifsf / zflng dlxnfsf]?kdf cfkm"nfo{ peofpg ;kmn x'g'eof]. @)%( ;fndf >Ldfg\ dgdf]xgsf] lgwg epkzrft pxff lzlyn jgb} hfg'eof]. @)%& ;fndf ;fwgfn] g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;df k' ofpsf] of]ubfgsf] prr d"nofíg ub}{ cgt/fli6«o >lds lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ g]kfn ;/sf/ dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsnof0f dgqfnosf] pxffnfo{ klxnf] dlxnf ;Dkfbssf] ;Ddfg k bfg u of]. @)%& ;fndf g]kfnsf] k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg -clwsf/l_sf] lgwg eof]. pxffsf] ef}lts z/l/ xfd f ;fd' 5}g. t/, pxffn] k' ofpg' epsf] of]ubfg ;bf :d/0flo /xg] 5. ;fwgf k wfgsf gfd g]kfnl k ];sf] Oltxf;df :j0f{ cif/n] n]lvpsf] 5, n]lvg]5. 1

xl/x/ lj/xl lgle{s kqsf/ ;g\!(%# clk ndf g]kfnsf] l;gw'nl lhnnfdf hgdg'epsf xl/x/ lj/xl, lgle{s kqsf/ x'g'x'g5. g]kfnl k ];sf] ljsf;df lj/xln] dxtjk'0f{ of]ubfg k' ofpg' epsf] 5. xl/x/ lj/xlsf] kqsfl/tf ;dk{0fefjaf6 ;'? epsf] xf]. k~rfotl Joj:yfsf] gfddf g]kfndf /fhglltstfgfzfxsf] ljsf; eo/x]sf] ;Gbe{df To;sf] cgtosf nflu ;+3if{sf d}bfgaf6 p7]sf] sndn] hgtfdf ljb f]xefjsf] dfq ljsf; u/fpg, ToxL snd xf] h'g sndn] hgdfpsf zab zabdf /fho;qfsf sff8fx? cf]slnps x'gy]. To;jfkt y'k } h]ng]n ef]ug' epsf xl/x/ lj/xlsf] lgi7f g} hljgsf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] klxrfg xf]. lgi7fjfg\ / lgzsn+ª\lst kqsfl/tfsf sf/0f pxff g]kfnl kqsf/x?sf cfbz{ JolQmtj x'g'x'g5. g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tf k]zfdf nfu]sf JolQmx?df JolQm:jfy{sf] kif k jn agb} upsf] ;Gbe{df xl/x/ lj/xlsf] hljga[lqn] To;k sf/sf dgf]a[lqnfo{ u} xk]zfut cfr/0fsf]?kdf k'li6 u/]sf] 5. Ps ljb f]xl kqsf/sf]?kdf pxffn] k~rfotsfnlg zf;sx?nfo{ olt ys{dfg agfpg' eof] ls k ~rfotsfndf /fhokifaf6 cfpsf y'k } k nf]eg tyf oftgfsf afah'b klg cfˆgf] k]zfut pq/bflotjaf6 pxff ljd'v x'g' epg. lj/xl /fhgllts :jr5tfsf] cefjdf kqsfl/tf klg ToxL?kdf ljsfl;t x'fb} hfg'nfo{ b"ef{uok"0f{ ;+s]tsf?kdf lng' x'g5. JolQmdf ;+oddtfsf] ljsf; ha;dd x'fb}g, ta;dd Pp6f ;fdfgo JolQm kqsf/ agg ;Sb}g Ú egg] lj/xlsf] a'emfo 5. kqsf/ ;dfhsf] dfu{bz{s epsf] atfpg' x'g] lj/xl ;fdflhs tyf /fhgllts ljsf;df kqsf/sf] e"ldsf ;a}egbf cu 0fL /xg] atfpg' x'g5. /fhgllts ultljlwdf klg ;+nug /xg' epsf xl/x/ lj/xl dxfdfgj lj=kl sf]o/fnfsf] k ]/0ffaf6 /fhgllt tyf n]vgtkm{ s[ofzln x'g' epsf] xf]. @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfgbf]ngsf] pknlaw:j?k d'n'sdf k hftgq k'g/jxfnl ep klg kqsf/x?n] k hftgq jxfnlsf] oy]i6 cg'e"t ug{ gkfpsf] pxff atfpg' x'g5. d'n'sdf k ]; :jtgqtfsf] jxfnl epkl5 /fhokifaf6 oftgf kfpg' x'g] lj/xl klxnf] kqsf/ x'g'x'g5. k~rfotl sfndf pxff bh{gf}+ k6s k zf;gsf] tf/f] agg' epsf] lyof]. pxff g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;efklt /xg' epsf a]nf g} dof{lbt tyf Joj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd kqsf/ cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] sfd ;'? epsf] xf]. pxffn] kqsf/ dxf ;+3sf] ;efkltsf] sfo{ef/ x:tfgt/0f ubf{ ;+3nfO{ dxf;+3sf] a[xt?kdf?kfgt/0f u/]/ kqsf/x?sf] Pp6f 7"nf] ;+u7gsf] k f?k to ug{ epsf] lyof]. sfo{biftf / sfo{sf}zntfsf wgl kqsf/ lj/xl g]kfnl 5fkfhutsf /fhgllts ljzn]ifs klg x'g'x'g5. g]kfnsf] 5fkf ;~rf/ dfwodsf] ljsf;df lj/xln] ljz]if of]ubfg k' ofpfg' epsf] 5. pxffn] k; ] sfplg;n g]kfnsf] cwoifsf] lhdd]jf/l ;d]t s'zntfk"j{s jxg ug'{epsf] lyof]. nnf]stgqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf nflu dof{lbt Pjd\ Joj;flxos ldl8ofsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ x'g] b[9 wf/0ff /fvg' x'g5. o; sf/0f g]kfnl k ]; hutn] ;Ddfgk"j{s ;ldemg] gfd xf] xl/x/ j/xl. 2

Bio-data Name Nationality : Harihar Birahi (Acharya) : Nepali 3

Language Sex Date of Birth Marital Status : Nepali, English, Hindi : Male : April 1953, Sindhuli,Nepal : Married Academic : Qualiication Profession : Graduate : Journalism Present Position Chairman Advisor : Press Council Nepal : Nepal Journalist Federation Chief Editor & Publisher :"Saptahik Bimarsha" Leading Nepalese Weekly and "Bimochan" Monthly. Experiecce President : Nepal Journalist Federation (1994-97) Member : Press Council Nepal (1988-94) Executive Member : Central Committee NJA(1988-92) Advisor : Press council Nepal (1990-92) Advisor : NJA Central Committee (1990-94) Member : Board of Director Nepal Television (1992-95)Member : Press Council Nepal (1994-97) General Secretary : Editiors Society of Nepal (1994-99) Advisor Advisor Advisor : Nepal Sports Journalists Forum (1992-95-till now) : Involvement in Journalism since the last 20 years. : Involvement in the task force in formulating Present National Communication Policy Honors : Ram Raj Paudyal National 4

Honors Honors Social Activites : Gorkha Daxin Bahoo Travel Abroad : India, USA, Sweden, Thailand, N.Korea, Germany. : Participation in Different social activities Active Involvement in the struggle for restoration of Democracy and its stability uf]kfn yklnof k] ; :jtgqtfsf ;]gfgl kmf6]sf] k]g6 nufp/ xss/ sfd uy]{. klqsfdf sfd u/] jfkt z'?df c;l?k}off tnj lyof],. lax] u/]sf]!^ aif{kl5 dfq} >LdtL;Fu a:g kfpf. k~rfotsfndf a'l4hljlx?n] lbpsf sk8f nfpfy]. 5

ol cg'ej x'g\ k ]; :jtgqtf ;]gfgl uf]kfn yklnofsf]. @))^ ;fn cflzjg!% ut] hgdg'epsf uf]kfn yklnof :jfledfgl kqsf/ x'g'x'g5. ækmf6]sf] / v' fdf rkkn nufpsf] dfg5] 5nkmnsf] ;Dkfbs xf], To;}nfO{ ;dfp/ Nofpg'Æ k~rfotsfnlg ;'/IffsdL{x? oxl lgb]{zg af]s]/ 5nkmn ;fktflxssf] sfof{nodf bfgjlo rl/q k bz{g ub}{ snd lgdf]7\g p4t /xgy]. y'k } lu/km\tf/l / cfbz{ k ;ª\ux?sf] syf x'g'x'g5 uf]kfn yklnof. t/, pxffsf] lu/km\tf/lx?sf] syfdf g]kfnl kqsfl/tfsf] :jfledfgk"0f{ k lta4tf b]lvg5. g]kfnl kqsfl/tf If]qsf Ps ;Ddflgt JolQmTjsf] gfd lng' kbf{ >dhljl kqsf/x?sf] d'vf/ljgbn] xqkq Pp6f gfd km':sfo xfn5 uf]kfn yklnof. ljut tlg bzsegbf nfdf] ;dob]lv kqsfl/tfdf cljrlnt?kdf lqoflzn al/i7 kqsf/ uf]kfn yklnofn] cfkm\g} ;Dkfbg / k sfzgdf 5nkmn ;fktflxs k sfzg ug{ yfng'epsf] lyof], hf] xfn klg lg/gt/ /x]sf] 5. of] cjlw vf;u/l k~rfotlsfndf uf]kfn yklnofn] ttsfnlg lg/s'+z zf;gsf lj?4sf] cfˆgf] n]vfonfo{ o;/l ;zqm / k efjsf/l kfg'{eof] ls pglx?sf gh/df Tof] s'g} If0fdf klg ;Do x'g ;s]g. To;}n] x/]s c+ssf] k sfzg kzrft\ ;Dkfbs yklnof k x/lsf] cufl8 pleg'kyof]{ hf] pxffsf] Pstfsf b}lgsl em}+ epsf] lyof]. @)@% ;fndf g]kfn sdo'lgi6 kf6l{sf] ;b:otf kfpg' epkl5 /fhgllts?kdf ;d]t s[ofzln yklnof ttsfnlg k~rfotl zf;g lj?4 n]vg] ;a}egbf ;zqm kqsf/ x'g'x'g5. @)#( ;fn c;f]h @) ut]af6 sf7df8f}+sf] wf]ljwf/fl:yt lagfos k ];af6 k sfzg kzrft\sf lbgx? Uff]kfn yklnofsf nflu ctogt} r'gf}ltk"0f{ / uf}/jzfnl /x]. To;cufl8 yklnofn] @)#% ;fndf kf}/v dfl;sú sf] k sfzg ug'[{ epsf] lyof]. pxffn] g]kfnl kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf k' ofpg' epsf] of]ubfgnfo{ sb/ ub}{ k ]; sfplg;n g]kfn k ]; :jtgqtf ;]gfgl k'/:sf/ 4f/f ;Ddflgt u/]sf] 5. yklnof kqsf/x?sf] cgt/fli6«o ;+:yf ;fkmdf g]kfn RofK6/sf] ;+:yfks cwoif ;d]t x'g'eof]. o; cltl/st ;~rf/ ;DjGwL ljlegg ;+:yfaf6 ;Ddflgt Pjd\ k'/:s[lt x'g'x'g5. yklnofsf] s[oflzntfsf] g]kfnl k ];sf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df pnn]vglo ;xof]u k'u]sf] b]lvg5. x]d/fh 1jfnL Joj;flos kqsfl/tfsf cu 0fL ax'nafbl ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmddf d'n'sdf jfs :jtgqtfn] dfgotf kfof].;/sf/n] ;+rf/sf nflu v'nnf gllt clvtof/l gubf{ n]vg :jtgqtf ep/ klg g]kfnln] To;sf] cg'e"t ug{ kfo/x]sf lypgg\. 6

;/sf/l ;]jfaf6 cjsf; kfpkl5 cvaf/l k sfzgtkm{ nfnlot x'g' epsf x]d/fh 1jfnLnfO{ @)$* ;fnsf ;+rf/ glltn] gllh If]qnfO{ k f]t;flxt u/]kl5 dfq cvaf/ k sfzgsf] nflu ;s[o u/fpsf] xf]. @)$( ;fn kmfu'g & ut] sflgtk'/ /fli6«o b}lgslsf k sfzg ;'? eof]. gful/s ;dfhdf ;/sf/l ;"rgfsf] z}nl / ;f]rn] hlt dxtj /fv5 g]kfnsf] kl/k ]Iodf ;f] lypg. sflgtk'/sf] lgoldt k sfzgkl5 gllh If]qaf6 ;+k ]lift ;dfrf/nfo{ pkef]u ug]{ pkef]qmf g]kfnl ;dfhdf j[l4 x'gyfnof]. klqsf k9\g] jfglsf] ljsf; eof]. Tof] qmd clxn] klg hf/l 5. Psflt/ kf7slo kl/l:ylt sflgtk'/n] ;'b[9 / ;jn agfof], csf{tkm{ Joj;flos kqsfl/tfnfo{ c+ulsf/ u/]sf g]kfnl kqsf/x?sf nflu sflgtk'/ Pp6f bl/nf] 5fgf]sf?kdf :yflkt x'g k'uof]. o;sf gfos x'g'x'g5 u'ndl dfdsf]6df!((% ;fndf e'jg]zj/ 1jfnL / k"0f{s'df/l 1jfnLsf] sf]vaf6 hlgdg'epsf x]d/fh 1jfnL. sflgtk'/ ;'?sf lbgdf cltsi6sf ;fy k f/de eof]. g]kfnl Joj;flos 9+un] cvaf/ k sfzg ug{sf nflu gllh If]qnfO{ ;f]sf] ;+ogq h'6fpg' si6bfos s'/f lyof]. 5fkfvfgf ;+rfng ug]{ k fljlws hgzlqmsf] cefjsf sf/0f sflgtk'/df k f/desf lbgdf ef/tsf k ]; k fljlwsx?n] sfd u/]. sflgtk'/ /fli6«o b}lgsnfo{ ;w} kf7s;fd' k' ofpg lbgsf]!) 6g Go"hlk G6 rflxg] t/ g]kfndf Tof] kl/0ffddf sfuh ptkfbg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] s'g} ldn lypg / clxn] klg 5}g. sfuh nufotsf srrf kbfy{ ;a} ef/t jf t]; f] d'n'saf6 cfoft ug'{ kg]{ kl/l:ylt lyof]. g]kfndf lyp t, dfq s]xl OdfGbf/ >dhllj kqsf/x?. of] kl/l:yltdf b'o{ aif{ ;t\k ltzt 3f6f vfp/ klg x]d/fh 1jfnLn] sflgtk'/ k sflzt ul//xg' eof]. pxff k f/denfo{ ;DemFb} egg' x'g5 @)$* ;fnsf] kmfu'g & ut] uf]ogsf ;d"xn] of] klqsf ;'? u of]. xfdl!& ut] b]lv ;+nug eof}+. uf]ogsfhlx?n] 5f]8kl5 xfdln] lhddf lnof}+. )$( ;fnsf] ebf}+df dlxgf;dddf @% b]lv #) nfv 3f6fdf kl/of]. t/, xfdl xtf]t;flxt epgf}+.ú pxffsf cg';f/ z'?df b}lgs * xhf/ k lt klqsf k sfzgaf6 sflgtk'/ z'? epsf] lyof], clxn]sf] ahf/df sflgtk'/sf] vkt b}lgs 8]9b]lv b'o{ nfv;dd x'g] u/]sf] 5. a:t'sf] d"no cfsflzp/ hfg] ub{5. t/, klqsfn] dfq o:tf] d"no lgwf{/0f ug'{ kb{5, hf] bfn rfdnsf] efpsf] z}nldf 36\b}g a9\b}g. of] ;d:of g]kfnl k ];n] aif}{ b]lv ef]ub} cfpsf] 5. ;/sf/n] k ];sf nflu oyf]lrt pbf/tf gb]vfpg' csf]{ ;d:of xf]. o:tf ;d:ofaf6 sflgtk'/ k ToIftM k efljt, 5 t/ xtf]t;flxt 5}g. sflgtk'/ Joj;foLs kqsfl/tfsf] Ps :tde xf]. o;df 1jfnLsf] ljz]ifof]ubfg /x]sf] 5. k sfzs 1jfnL klqsf k sfzgnfo{ cem} :t/lo tyf ljzj;glo agfog' kg]{tkm{ hf]8 lbg'x'g5. cfkm"df klg n]vslo u'0f /x]klg pxff cfkm\gf] k sfzgdf afx]s cgoq cfkm"nfo{ k :t't ug{?rfpg' x'gg. pxff k sfzs ep/ klg s'zn k zf;slo / Joj:yfksLo e"ldsf lgefpg' kg]{ dfgotf /fvg' x'g5. ha k sfzgdf b'li6sf]0fsf] cefj x'g5 ta k sfzg u[xdf ;d:of cfpg] pxffsf] 7x/ 5. clxn] sflgtk'/af6 cnluup/ gful/s /fli6«o b}lgs k sfzgdf s[oflzn x'g'x'g5. o;/l g]kfndf gllh If]qaf6 j O;]6df b}lgs cvjf/ k sfzg ug{df 1jfnLsf] dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5. g]kfndf Joj;flos k ];sf] ljsf;sf] k f/de sflgtk'/ k sfzg kzrft g} epsf] xf]. t/, Joj;flostfsf] gfddf x'g] Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] k efjaf6 eg] o:tf k sfzg u[x x'g' kg]{ b]lvg5. b'uf{gfy zdf{m Ps zfnlg k :tf]tf 7

b'uf{ gfyzdf{sf] hgd Onfdsf] lkmssn j/jf]6]df lj=;+=@))$ ;fnsf] h]i7 dlxgfdf lktf k hfktl pkfwofo / dftf 6Lsfb]jL pkfwofosf] sf]vaf6 epsf] xf]. b'uf{gfy zdf{ Ps zfnlg tyf k efjsf/l 6]lnlehg sfo{qmd k :tf]tfsf]?kdf Psa]nf rlr{t x'g'x'gyof]. zdf{ ;~rf/if]qsf] 1ftf xg'x'g5. k hfklt pkfwofo Onfd lhnnfsf] Ps k ltli7t JolQm x'g'x'gyof]. pxffn] Onfd lhnnfdf lziff / ;8s lgdf{0f If]qdf 7"nf] of]ubfg k' ofpg' epsf] 5. pxffsf cgo ^ hgf 5f]/f / $ hgf 5f]/L x'g'x'g5. h]i7 ;'k'qsf?kdf 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{ x'g'x'g5. b'uf{gfy zdf{sf] jfnosfn k9fod} ljtof]. pxffsf] kl/jf/ lzlift kl/jf/ epsf]n] bfh'x?sf] lziffsf] pxffdf klg k efj k of]. k fylds txsf] lziff lkmssn :s"ndf lno{ ;s]kl5 t]>f] siffb]lv pxffn] s/kmf]s dfwolds ljbfnodf!) siff;dd cwoog u/l P;\=Pn=;L= bf]>f] >]0fLdf pql0f{ ug'{ epsf] xf].xfo{:s"n hljgb]lv g} pxffdf ;flxtok lt cle?lr lyof]. pxffn] To;a]nf sljtf uf]i7l, afb ljjfb k ltof]lutf, syf n]vg k ltof]lutf / gf6sx?df clego ug'{x'gyof]. ljb]zdf cwoog ug]{ bfh'x? 3/df ljbf dgfpg cfpfbf pxffn] cfkm\gf bfh'x?af6 w]/} s'/fx? l;sg'x'gyof]. P;\=Pn=;L= pql0f{ u/] kl5 pxffsf h]7f bfh' 8f= tf/fgfy zdf{ km]l/ p;}sf] nfluú k':tssf] cfnf]rgf u/]jfkt h]n kg'{ epsf]n] Tof] Ps aif{ :yfglo :s"ndf k9fpg' eof]. csf]{ aif{ pxff prr cwoogsf nflu sf7df8f}+ cfpg' eof] / hdndf k fwofks lgjf;df a;l lj1fgdf cfkm\gf] cwoog k f/de ug'{ eof]. lj1fgdf cfkm\gf] cwoog Tolt /fd f] gepsf]n] pxffn] @)@^ ;fn df3 dlxgfdf uf]/vfkq b}lgsdf hflu/ vfg ;'? u/l k fo{e]6 ljbfyl{sf]?kdf jl=p= cwoog ug'{eof]. uf]/vfkqsf] lj1fkg zfvfdf sfd z'? u/] klg pxffsf] n]vg Ifdtf x]/]/ ttsflng k wfg ;Dkfbg uf]kfnk ;fb e /fo -;Gt g]tf s'i0fk ;fb e /fo{sf bfh'_ n] pxffnfo{ ;DkfbsLo zfvfdf tfgg'eof]. o;/l b'uf{gfy zdf{sf] kqsfl/tfsf] hljg z'? eof]. pxff z'?df ;Djfbbftf clg pk;dkfbs x'fb} ;xfos ;Dkfbs ;Dd k'ug'eof]. pxffn] ljljw ljifox? ofqf ;+:d/0fdf k sflzt ug'{epsf] 5. uf]/vfkqdf sfd ubf{ /]l8of] g]kfndf Ps hgf dl7f] :j/ epsf] / ;Dkfbg ;d]t ug{;sg] JolQmsf] vf]hl eof]. uf]/vfkqdf ttsfnlg k wfg ;Dkfbs ef/tbq sf]o/fnfn] pxffnfo{ cfkm\gf] :j/ k/liff lbg /]l8of] g]kfn k7fpg' eof]. pxffsf] :j/ ToxFf cg's"n / dl7f] af]nl :ki6 / z'4 dflgpkl5 ljxfg / a]n'sl /]l8of] g]kfnsf] ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbg / pb\3f]if0f ug{ yfng'eof]. pxff @)#@ ;fnb]lv @)$@ ;fn;dd /]l8of] g]kfndf ljxfg ( ah] lgto ;dfrf/ k9g' x'gyof]. pxffsf] gfd To;} a]nfb]lv nf]slk o x'g yfn]sf] xf]. 6]lnlehgn] g]kfnl cfsfzaf6} ;+rfl/t x'g] df}sf kfpkl5 zdf{ To;sf] k f/desf lbgaf6} g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf ;+nug x'g'eof]. g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] k zf/0flo / k sfzslo b'j} bflotjdf plqs} s'zn /xg' b'uf{gfy zdf{sf] ljz]iftf dfgg' kb{5. 6]lnlehgsf bz{sn] pxffsf] nf]slk o sfo{qmd ljzj 36gfaf6 ljz]iftm kl/ro k fkt u/]sf x'g\. cgogt} zfnlg / ;Eo JolQmTj b'uf{gfy zdf{sf] ;kmntfsf] ;"rs xf]. Pp6f ;Ifd kqsf/ / eb k :tf]tf x'g'x'g5 pxff. g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] dxfk jgws;d]t eo{ xfn ;]jf lgj[t x'g' epsf zdf{n] g]kfnl kqsfl/tfsf] vf;u/l ljb'tlo ;+rf/ dfwoddf k' ofpg' epsf] of]ubfg clj:d/0flo /xg]5. o;sf ;fy;fy} ;flxto / cvjf/l ;~rf/ dfwodsf] If]qdf ljl;{g g;lsg] JolQmTj x'g'x'g5 b'uf{gfy zdf{. ax'cfoflds JolQmTj lgd{n u'?ë 8

j}lblzs /f]huf/ ;~rf/ tyf dfgjclwsf/ ol If]qdf cfˆgf] hljg ck]{/ /fi6«sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfpg'epsf s'zn Joj:yfks tyf Ps ;zqm JolQmsf] gfd xf] lgd{n u'?ë. ;g!(%^ )%!* df 3fGb 's * sf:sldf hgdg'epsf u'?ësf] :yfol 7]ufgf n]vgfy gu/kflnsf @ sf:sl xf] eg] pxff cfˆgf] kl/jf/ >Ldlt / Ps 5f]/fsf ;fy sf=d=kf @( 7d]ndf a;f]af; ug'{x'g5. ljlegg ;+3 ;+:yfdf Joj;flos?kn] ;+nug /xg'ep klg u'?ësf tl ;+3;+:yfx?n] b]z tyf ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lxtsf] nflu sfo{ ub}{ cfo/x]sf 5g\. ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;'rgfsf] xsnfo{ ;'lglzrt u/fpfb} hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{s dx?nfo{ cufl8 NofP/ b]zsf] k efjsf/l ljsf;sf nflu ;xof]u ul//x]sf ;u/dfyf 6]lnlehg k f=ln=sf cwoif /xg'epsf pxff nfvf}+ g]kfnlx?nfo{ ;'/lift tyf ljzjfl;nf]?kdf a}b]l;s /f]huf/lsf lgldt ;xof]u ul//x]sf] ;+:yf unkm cf]e/l;h sg;n6]g6 k f=ln=sf k agw lgb]{zs x'g'x'g5 eg] cnsl/e cf]e/l;h k f=ln=sf k d'v x"g'x'g5. u'?ënfo{ lziffk ]dl tyf lziffsf] Hof]lt ;a};fd' k' ofpg rfxg] lziff;]jlsf?kdf klg lrgg ;lsg5. ;du /fi6«sf] k f0f dflgpsf] cy{ If]qnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg Zjf;k Zjf;sf] sfd ug]{ uf]/vf ljsf; a}ª\ssf] lgb]{zs ;d]t /xg'epsf] lyof]. ;fy} pxff g]kfn tyf Jofj;flos ;xsf/l ;+:yf lnld6]8sf] lgb]{zssf]?kdf sfo{/t x'g'x'g5. a}b]lzs /f]huf/, dfgjclwsf/,v]ns'b tyf ljlegg ;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfdf cfj4 /xg'epsf u'?ë lj=;=@)%# b]lv @)%^ ;fn;dd j}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;flo dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] pkfwoif x'g'x'gyof] eg] lj=;=@)%^ b]lv @)^^ ;fn;dd pqm ;+:yfsf] cwoif x'g'x'yof]. ;g @))! ;Dd >d tyf oftfoft Joj:yf dgqfnosf] ;Nnfxfsf/ /xg'epsf u'?ë /fglb]jl k fylds ljbfno nflhdkf6, sf7df8f}+sf] lgdf0f{ ;ldltsf] Joj:yfks x'g'xgyof]. ;g\ @))! b]lv @))# ;Dd nfog; Sna sf7df8f}+sf] cwoif ;d]t x'g'x'gyof]. ;g\ @))@ df dfgjclwsf/ tyf zflgt k lti7fg g]kfnsf] pkfwoif x'g'epsf u'?ë cggk"0f{ sfk]{6 Sna kf]v/fsf] ;+:yfks cwoif /lx;sg'epsf] 5. ;fy} pxffn] /]8s ; g]kfnsf] cfhljg ;b:o, n]vgfy Sna kf]v/fsf] ;b:o, clk n @))# df g]kfn nfog;snasf] cfdlgqt cwoif, 8ga:sf] tflnd s]gb nflhdkf6 sf7df8f}+sf] cwoif, lqj]0fl Ps]8]dL sn]h n]vgfy @ sf:slsf] cwoif, g]kfn af:s]6an dxf;+3, /fli6«o v]ns'b k lti7fg sf7df8f}+sf] k"j{ pkfwio -cui6!%,@))#_, unkm cnsl/d k fljlws tflnd s]gb k f=lnsf] cwoif, gful/s ;/f]sf/ ;dfh g]kfnsf] cwoif, va/bf/ /fli6«o ;fktflxs klqsfsf] k sfzs, zfxl cf}ifwl s]gb sf] cwoifsf]?kdf /x]/ ;dfh tyf /fi6«sf] cu ufdl ljsf;sf nflu cfˆgf] hljg nufgl u/l/xg'epsf] 5. o;/l ljlegg ;+3 ;+:yfdf cfj4 tyf ;fpbl c/]laof, s'a]t, ax/fog, o'=p=o, stf/, cf]dg, dn]l;of nufot b]zx?df xhf/f}f a]/f]huf/ g]kfnl o'jfx?nfo{ /f]huf/ k bfg ug{df ;xof]ul e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{epsf u'?ën] lziff, :jf:yo tyf a}b]l;s /f]huf/sf] If]qdf ct'nlgo of]ubfg k' ofpfg'epsf] 5. pxffn] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] x}l;otdf g]kfnsf ljlegg ljbfnosf] lgdf0f{df ;lqmo of]ubfg ug'{epsf] 5. n]vgfy gu/kflnsf @ sf:sl / cgo If]qx?df vfg]kfglsf] cfof]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdf ;+nug x'g'epsf pxffn] ljlegg :yfgx?df lgmz'ns :jf:yo l;lj/sf] cfof]hgf ug'{epsf] 5. dfgljo :jf:yosf ;'wf/sf nflu ljlegg lzlj/x?sf] cfof]hgf u/l ;dfhnfo{ 7'nf] u'0f nufpg'epsf u'?ën] a}b]l;s /f]huf/sf nflu g]kfnl d]gkfj/x/sf] j}b]l;s /f]huf/df ;Defjotfsf] o'=p=o, OlhK6, s'j]t, cf]dfg, aª\unfb]z, kfls:tfg, xªsª\, dn]l;of, ;o'qm clw/fho, k mfg;,a]lnhod O6fnLsf] e d0f ul/;sg'epsf] 5. w]/} ;+3;+:yfdf sfd u/]/ cyfx cg'ej ;+ufng'epsf u'?ën] a}b]l;s /f]huf/sf] If]qdf ct'nglo of]ubfg k' ofpafkt >d ljefun] ;d]t k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5. 9

Bio-data 10

Name Father's : Mr. Nirmal Gurung : Mr.Musang Gurung Date of Birth : 6 th March, 1954 Place of Birth Permanent Adress Present Marital Status Profession Qualification Nationality : Ghandruk 8,Kaski : Lekhnath Municipality 2, Kaski : Thamel-29, Kathmandu : Married with one son : Business and Social Service : Intermediate : Nepali Business Companies: 1. President of Sagarmatha Television (p) Ltd. 2. Managing Director of Gulf Overseas Consultant(P) Ltd. 3. Chairman of AL Karim Overseas Consultant(P) Ltd. 4. Chairman of Oscar College. 5. Director of Gorkha Development Bank. 6. Director of Nepal Printers & Traders Co-operative Ltd. Associated With 1. Vice President of Nepal Association of Foreign Employment Agencies (2053-2056) 2. President of Nepal Association of Foreign Employment Agencies (2056-2057). 3. Advisor to the Ministry of Labour and Transport Management form 2001 to 2002. 4. Organiser of Ranidevi Primery School Construction Committee, Lazimpat, Kathmandu. 5. President of Lions Club of Kathmandu Kingdom from 2001 till April 2003. 6. Vice President of Human Rights and Peace Foundation (HURPEF) Nepal since 2002. 7. Founder President of Annapurna Charpate Club, Pokhara. 8. Life long Member of Red Cross Nepal. 9. Member of Lekhnath Club, Pokhara. 10. Chartered President of Nepal Kingdom Lions Club from April 2003. 11. President of Don Bosco Training Centre Institute, Lazimpath, Kathmandu. 12. President Trivini Academy College, Lekhnath-2, kaski. 13. Ex-Vice President, Nepal Basketball Association, national Sports Council Kathmandu, Nepal from 15 August 2003. 14. President of Gulf Alkarim Technical Training P.Ltd. 11

15. President of Civic Concern Society Nepal 16. Publisher of Khabardar national weekly newspaper. 17. President of Royal Medical Centre. tkgfy z'sn ;~rf/ k ljlwsf lj1 tkgfy z'sn 12

lktf j+zuf]kfn z'sn tyf dftf u+ufb]jlsf] t]; f] ;Gtfgsf]?kdf lj=;= @))& cflzjg z'sn l4tlofsf lbg slknj:t' lhnnfsf] k"jl{ e]udf a/s'n ufpfdf hgdg' epsf tkgfy z'sn g]kfnl ;+rf/ hutsf Ps ljz]if1 x'g'x'g5. k ljlw / ;~rf/sf] o'udf z"snsf] sfo{ifdtf dxtjk"0f{?kdf /x]sf] 5. lhnnfsf] k"jl{ e]udf Pp6f klg dfwolds ljbfno gepsf]. ufpfsf] jl/kl/ k fylds ljbfno;d]t g/x]sf] cjzyfdf k f/ldes lziff dfjnl -xfn l;4fy{gu/,pq/ k b]z, ef/t_ df k"/f ug'{ x'g] z'snn] ;g\!(&) df ef/tsf] uf]/vk'/ ljzjljbfnoaf6 lap:;l pql0f{ ug'{ epsf] 5. ef/tsf] k'gf l:yt lkmnd P08 6]lnlehg OG:6LRo'6 ckm Ol08ofaf6 ;g\!(&% df l8knf]df Og l;g]df -;fp08 /]sl8ë P08 ;fp08 OGhLlgol/Ë_ pkflw k yd >]0fLdf xfl;n ug'{ epsf] 5. pxff g]kfnl ;~rf/ hutsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/k lt k"0f{tfm ;d{lkt /xg' epsf] 5. g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] :yfkgfsfnaf6} 6]lnlehgsf] k zf/0f k ljlwsf] ;+of]hg tyf k efjsf/ltfdf pxffsf] ljz]if e"ldsf /x]sf] 5. ;g\!(&% -lj=;= @)#@_ b]lv lj=;= @)$! ;Dd ttsflng zflx g]kfn rnlrq ;+:yfgdf al/i7 Wjlg lgogqs eo{ pxffn] sfd ug'{ epsf] lyof]. ;+:yfgdf sfo{/t\ /xfbf y'k } g]kfnl rnlrqx? pxffsf] biftfaf6 nfeflgjt epsf lyp. g]kfnsf] klxnf] /ËLg rnlrq s'df/lú af6 cfˆgf] Joj;flos ofqf z'? u/l hljg/]vfú, ablnfbf] cfsfzú, sfg5lú, af;'b]jú, / s]lx lxgbl rnlrqdf Wjlg c+sgsf] sfd ug'{ epsf tkgfy z'sn rnlrq k ljlwnfo{ glhsaf6 hfgg] Ps 1ftf klg x"g'x'g5. @)$! ;fnsf] cgtolt/ g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] :yfkgf epkl5 @)$@ h]7 @ ut]b]lv g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf sfo{/t\ /xg' epsf z'snsf] sfo{if]q o; ;+:yfnfo{ k fljlws?kdf ;Ifd t'nofpgtkm{ g} nlift /xg k'u]sf] 5. sfo{qmd k d'vsf]?kdf g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf cfˆgf] Joj;flos ofqf k f/de u/l sfo{qmd lgb]{zs ;dfrf/ lgb]{zs, gfoj dxfk jgws x'b} @)$* kmfu'g!% ut] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] dxfk agwsdf lgo'qm x'g'epsf pxffsf] sfo{sfndf g]kfn 6]lnlehgn] k ;:t} k fljlws k ult xfl;n u/]sf] 5. @)$* b]lv @)%! ;Dd pxff g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cwoif;d]t /lx;sg' epsf] 5. dxfk agwssf]?kdf * jif{ ;]jf u/l @)%^ ;fndf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ dgqfnodf sfhdf hfg' eo{ pxff % dlxgf dgqfnodf ljz]if clws[t-k fljlws_ kbdf / @ jif{sf] nflu s06«l 8fO/]S6/ kbdf sfo{/t /xg' eof]. @)%( efb! b]lv g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] dxfk agws kbdf k'gmlgo'qm x'g'epsf pxff g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] jxfjfnf dxfk agws x'g'x'gyof]. @)$* ;fndf k yd k6s dxfk agws x'bff g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] kx'fr sf7df8f}+ pktosf / lj/f6gu/df dfq lyof]. ;f]xl jif{ k mfg; ;/sf/;fu ;Demf}tf eo{ g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] s]gb Lo k ;f/0f :6'l8of]df goff pks/0fn] hl8t eof] / kf]v/f,hn]zj/, wgs'6f, gjnk/f;laf6 klg s]lgb o k ;f/0f k 0ffnLdf g]kfn 6]lnlehg cfa4 eof]. of] @)$( ;fnsf] s'/f lyof]. xfn g]kfn 6]lnlehg!# j6f l/n]s]gb dfkm{t nueu %& k ltzt hg;+vofdf k'u]sf] z'sn atfpg' x'g5. lgs6 eljiodf u'ndl, t]x y'd / 8f]6Ldf klg l/n]s]gb :yfkgf x'g] atfpb} dxfk agws z'sn 6]lnlehgsf] k efjsfl/tf ;dfhdf a9\bf] dfqfdf /x]sf] kl/k ]Iodf To;nfO{ o'ufgfs'n agfpg] tkm{ cfkm'x? udel/ /x]sf] atfpg' x'g5. g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] bf]; f] Rofgnsf]?kdf NTB+;'? epsf] 5. ;g\!(*% df ttsflng o'uf]:nfleofaf6 æp8efg;sf]if{ Og 6]lnlehg :6'l8of] OGhLlgol/ËÆ ug'{ epsf z'snn] ;g\!(*^ df ;+o'qm /fho cd]l/sfsf ljlegg 6]lnlehg :6]zgsf]! dlxgf cwoog e d0f ug'{ epsf] lyof]. -/fli6«o / cgt/fli6«o_ df aqmf tyf ;xefulsf?kdf efu lng' epsf z'sn g]kfnsf] k ltlglwtj ub}{ ;+oqm /fi6«;+3sf] U.N.T.V. Forum df b'o{ k6s (paper Presentetor) sf]?kdf ;xeful eo;sg' epsf] 5. pxffn] Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (A.B.U) / European Broadcasting Union df g]kfnsf] k ltlglwtj ug'{epsf] lyof]. 13

z'sn g]kfn 6]lnlehgnfO{ ctofw'lgs, lzi6 zflng 9ª\un] ljsf; ug{df k lta4 /xg' epsf] 5. hljgdf st{jokyaf6 larlnt geo{ cfkm' ;+nug If]qsf] ljsf;nfo{ g} cfˆgf] ;kmntf 7fGg' x'g5. ;~rf/ pbdl dx]gb z]/rg cfªbf]h]{ nfdfn] d'n'sdf k hftgqsf] axfnlsf nflu ;+3if{sf] r/0fsf]?kdf /fhwfgl ;fktfflxsú sf] gfdaf6 cvaf/sf] k sfzg u/]/ hgdt l;h{gf ug]{ Pp6f dxtjk'0f{ sfo{sf] yfngl ug'{ epsf] lyof]. 14

cfh a f]8l;8df ahf/df cfpg] /fhwfglú pt;u{ k sfzg k f=ln=n] k sfzg ul//x]sf] 5 / To; ;+:yfsf cwoif x'g'x'g5 dx]gb z]/rg. cfhsf] /fli6«o b}lgs /fhwfglú nfo{ hfgg'cl3 o;sf] k[i7e'ld hfgg' af~5glo /x]sf] 5. bdggfy 9'Ëgf, s'j]/ zdf{, 8f=/fdz/0f l;ub]n, k'?iff]qd a:g]t, 8f=t'n;Lk ;fb e /fo{, nf]s]z 9sfn, e}/j l/;fn, kggfsfhl >]i7x?sf] ;fydf cfªbf]h]{ nfdfn] ;'?jft ug'{epsf] /fhwfgl cleofgú cfh?kfgtl/s?kdf k]z epsf] 5. o;n] cfhsf] Joj;foLs kqsfl/tfsf] ahf/df cfˆgf:tl/o ;"rgf ;Dk ]if0fsf] dfwodaf6 ;~rf/sf] ;~rfn dfq lkmfhfo{ /x]sf] 5}g clkt' /fhwfglú Pp6f ef}uf]lns /fhwfglú egbf klg a[xt tyf?kdf pkl:yt /x]sf] 5. k hftgqsf lgldt cf/deb]lv /fhwfgln] cg]s cf/f]x cj/f]x kf/ u/]sf] 5. k hftgqsf nflu epsf] ;+3if{af6 hlgdpsf] /fhwfgln] cfh Pp6f b}lgs cvaf/sf]?kdf g]kfnl ;"rgf ;fd fhodf cfˆgf] pnn]vglo cl:ttj k :t't u/]sf] 5. pt;u{ k sfzg k f=ln=sf nflu dx]gb z]/rg cwoif /xg' epsf] /fhwfgl /fli6«o b}lgssf] pkl:ylt g]kfnl cvaf/sf] ahf/df pts[i6 ;dfrf/, l6kk0fl tyf ;fdu Lx?sf ;fy eo/x]sf] 5. cwoif z]/rg klqsf k sfzgk"j{ a}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] Joj;fodf ;s[o /xg' epsf] lyof]. pxffn] Joj;foeGbf a9l ;"rgf ;Dk ]if0fsf] If]qdf :tl/otf / ljzj;glotfsf] k Tofe"ltsf nflu ;r]t x'g' x'g5. )$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g / k hftflgqs ;/sf/x?sf] s[ofzlntfsf sf/0f gllh If]qnfO{ k f]t;flxt u/fpg] ;/sf/l ;~rf/ gllt to epkl5 ;f]sf] pkef]u ub}{ /fhwfgl /fli6«o b}lgs a f]8l;8 cfsf/df k sfzg x'g yfn]sf] xf]. ;/sf/n] clvtof/ u/]sf] ;~rf/ glltn] gllhif]qnfo{ ;~rf/sf] If]qdf pt;flxt afpklg sltko kl/l:yltx? ;/sf/sf] ljlqo ;~rf/ gllt :ki6 gx'fbf ;d:of /x]sf] z]/rg atfpg' x'g5. sfuhsf] cfoft nufotsf k fljlws kifx?df ctogt} r'gf}tlk"0f{ kl/l:ylt /x]sf] pxff atfpg' x'g5. gllh If]qaf6 b}lgs a f]8l;8 cfsf/df cvaf/ k sfzg ug{ cfjzos kg]{ k fljlws hgzlqm g]kfndf kof{kt /x]klg pglx?nfo{ ;dofg"s"n] bif agfpfb} n}hfg' kg]{ pxff atfpg' x'g5. ;/sf/n] ;~rf/ If]qnfO{ pknaw u/fpg' kg]{ ;'ljwfx?sf] cefj eo{ /x]sf] pxffn] dx;'; ug'{ epsf] 5. To;df klg ;~rf/df ljb]zl nufglstf{nfo{ ;xh?kdf k j]z ug{ lbo{+bf d'n'snfo{ b"/ufdl c;/ kg]{ pxffsf] 7x/ /x]sf] 5. pxff g]kfnl cvaf/ k sfzgsf] If]qdf :tl/otfsf nflu ljlegg s;/t x'g yfn]sf] / g]kfnl va/x? ;"rgf ;Dk ]if0fdf s'g} ljb]zl ;~rf/dfwodegbf sd g/x] klg ljb]zlx?nfo{ klqsf lgsfng] cg'dlt lbo{+bf :jb]zl ;~rf/sdl{ lg?t;flxt x'g] dfq gep/ To;n] s;}sf] lxt gug]{ atfpg' x'g5. pxff egg' x'g5 xfdl :jb]zsf] lrgtg u5f}+, xfd f] klqsf / ;f]r klg :jb]zk lt nlift /x]sf] 5. t/, ljb]zlsf] k j]zaf6 xfd f] efjgfdfly s'7f/f3ft x'g] cj:yf cfpsf] 5.Ú Clif wdnf Ps hgf ;[hglzn kqsf/ /fhwfgl aflx/sf dfg5]n] 6]lnlehg /]l8of] g]kfnl cvaf/sf kfgfx?df x/38l e]6\g] of] kqsf/nfo{ sf7df8f}+df k'tnl;8s, nfhldkf6 / l;+xb/af6sf ;8sx?df sfnf] sf]6 / /ftf] ;6{df xftdf df]jfondf s'/f ub{} lxf8]sf] b]vg ;lsg5. pxff x/38l xtf/df b]lvg' x'g5, t/ cfkm"n] lrg]sf] ;fdfgob]lv 15

prrju{sf dfg5]nfo{ b]vgf;fy xft ldnfo{ xfng'x'g5. xfn va/ s] 5 eg]/ ;f]wlxfng' x'g5. glrg]sfn] of] kqsf/sf] pd]/ ;f7l gf3]sf] cg'dfg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\, t/ ha klxnf]kn6 e]65g\, tlg5ss k5{g. xf], pxff g]kfnl kqsfl/tf hutsf] Pp6f s[ofzln k ltefzfnl o'jf JolQmTj x'g'x'g5. Hofd?ª ( wflbªdf @)#@ ;fn sflqs & ut] lktf s'nk ;fb wdnf / dftf r]t s'df/l wdnfsf] uj{ jf6 hlgdpsf Clif wdnf. clxn] g]kfnl hgdfg;sf nflu ckl/lrt gfd xf]og. l/kf]6{;{ Snj g]kfnsf s]gb Lo cwoif wdnf o'jf k':tfsf nflu d]xgt / kl/>dsf] Ps :yflkt kqsf/ x'g'x'g5. t/, cfhsf] cj:yf;dd cfok'ug pxffn] w]/} ck7of/f h+3f/ tg'{epsf] 5,. hljgsf] :jl0f{d ;donfo{ si6x?;fu ;f6\g' epsf] 5. ;ft aif{sf] pd]/df cfkm\gl cfdf r]ts'dfl wdnfnfo{ u'dfpg' epsf wdnfsf] afnosfn el/ kfvfx?df ufo{j:t' r/fpfb} / a];l em/]/ v]tlkftl ub}{ ljtof]. wdnfsf a'af s'nk ;fbn] cfdfsf] l/qmtf dx;"; ug{ glbg ufpfs} z+vfb]jl lgdg dfwolds ljbfnodf pxffnfo{ k9\g k7fpg' eof]. ;fg}b]lv ljnif0f k ltefsf wlg wdnfsf hljgdf s]xl u/]/ b]vfpg] c7f]6 lyof]. t/ a~r/ e"lddf u'nfkmsf] km"n sxff x's{g ;SYof] / < To;}n]!@ aif{sf] pd]/df wflbë Hofd?Ësf] uf]7fnf] hljg Tofu]/ sf7df8f}+ emg'{ eof] pxff. /fhwfglsf] sfnwf/fdf Ps 7s'/L afa';fx]j h;n] pxffnfo{ kf7zfnfdf egf{ ul/lbp. wdnfn] ;f]xl kf7zfnfdf siff^ ;Dd cwoog ug'{eof]. p:t}df Ps lbg 7s'/L afa';fx]jn] pxffnfo{ eg]5g\ oxff k9\g' egbf d ltdlnfo{ kfls:tfg n}hfg5', ToxL up/ cwoog u/.ú t/ b]zleq} ;+3if{ u/]/ gfd /fvg] c7f]6 u/]sf wdnfn] Tof] :jl0f{d cj;/nfo{ :jlsfg'{ epg. a?, pxff ufpf kmls{g' eof]. pxffn] uffps} :s"n z+vfb]jl lgdg dfwolds ljbfnoaf6 & siff plq0f{ ug'{eof]. t/ ;f] ljbfnodf yk k9fosf] ;'ljwf gepsf sf/0f pxff k'gm sf7df8f}+ cfpg' eof] / sf7df8f}+l:yt hgk eft dfwolds ljbfnodf * siffdf egf{ ep/ tli0f a'l4sf wdnfn] k9fonfo{ lg/gt/tf lbg'eof]. of] @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfgbf]ngsf] k[i7e"ld tof/ eo/x]sf] a]nfsf] s'/f xf]. @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfgbf]ngdf xfl;of xyf}8sf] em08f af]s]/ ;+3if{df plqg' epsf wdnf pktosfel/sf ljbfnox?sf] ;+3if{ ;ldltsf] ;+of]hs;d]t x'g'eof]. To; qmddf pxff Ps xktf k x/lsf] kmgbfdf klg kg'{eof]. o:t}df wdnf kqsfl/tftkm{ cfslif{t x'g'eof]. sflndf6ldf kqsf/ l;dv8fsf] Pp6f t/sf/l k;n lyof]. t/sf/l lsgg hfg] qmddf l;dv8f / pxffsf] e]6 epsf] lyof]. lhj]gb l;dv8fn] wdnfnfo{ egg'eof] xfdl Pp6f klqsf lgsfnb} 5f}+, To;df ltdln] klg sfd ug'{kb{5.ú Tolta]nf kqsf/ l;dv8f ;dfnf]rgf b}lgs lgsfng] t/v/df x'g'x'gyof]. kqsf/ Pj+ slj /fdrgb e /fo{n] a'6jnaf6 lgsfnb} cfpg' epsf] ;dfnf]rgf b}lgs cfgbf]ngnfo{ an k bfg ug{sf nflu sf7df8f}+af6} k sfzg ug]{ tof/l epsf] lyof], l;dv8f klqsfsf] sfo{sf/l ;Dkfbs x'g'x'gyof]. Clif wdnfn] kqsfl/tfdf cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/ Pp6f klqsf ljt/0fsf]?kdf k f/de ug'{ epsf] lyof]. ;dfnf]rgf b}lgsnfo{ k zf;gsf cffvf 5n]/ kf7s;dd k' ofpg wdnfn] ;fx;sf ;fy sfd ug'{ eof]. hgcfgbf]ngdf ;dfnf]rgf b}lgssf] e"ldsf pnn]vlgo lyof]. k~rfot la/f]wl klqsf a]r]sf] cleof]udf wdnf kqmfp kg'{eof] / Ps xktf dx]gb k'ln; Snadf y'lgg'eof]. hg cfgbf]ngnfo{ ;3fpg pktosfel/sf dfwoflds :t/lo! ;o *) j6f ljbfnnox?sf ljbfyl{x? ldn]/ u7g u/]sf] ;+3if{ ;ldltdf wdnf ;+of]hs agg'eof]. h;n] cfgbf]ngnfo{ rsf{pg yk d2t k' ofpsf] lyof]. @)$* ;fndf P;=Pn=;L kf; u/]kl5 wdnfn] kqsfl/tfd} nfug] lgzro ug'{eof] / lszf]/ sf'j/4f/f ;Dkflbt k sflzt kl/j]z b}lgsdf sfd ug{ yfng'eof]. o:t}df Ps lbg pxffsf] e]6 eof] kqsf/ zde' >]i7;fu. ;De' >]i7n] b[li6;fu} ;"o{ gfdsf] Pp6f dfl;s klqsf lgsfng] tof/l ul//xg' epsf] lyof]. wdnfn] ;"o{ ;fktflxs cvaf/sf] Joj:yfkgsf] If]qaf6 sfd yfng'eof] / b'li6 ;fktflxsdf klg ;+jfbbftfsf]?kdf sfd ug'{eof]. wdnfsf cg';f/ pxffn] b[li6df sfo{/t\ /x]sfa]nf Pdfn]sf ttsfnlg g]tf ;LkL d}gfnlsf] JolQmTjsf af/]df nfdf] cfn]v tof/ ug'{ eof], h;sf] lzif{s lyof], æudel/ pkgof;sf b'bf{gt gfosú. t/, of] cfn]v k sflzt ug{ k sfzs ;De' >i]7 tof/ /xg'epg. k'g{hfu/0f 16

;fktflxssf ttsflng sfo{sf/l ;Dkfbs z/b\rgb j:tln] cfn]v x]/]kl5 egg'eof] of] d k'g{hfu/0fdf 5fK5'. Ps} lbg 5flkg] km/s wf/sf] cvaf/df n]v 5fk]kl5 wdnf cfkm" b'li6df /xg g;s]sf] atfpg'x'g5. kf6l{sf km/sdtsf g]tfsf] k z:tl ufpsf] cf/f]k klg pxffnfo{ nfu]sf] pxff atfpg' x'g5. :d/0flo 5, b[li6 To;tfsf Pdfn]sf] dbg e08f/l v]dfsf] cvaf/sf?kdf rlr{t lyof]. To;kl5 pxff cfkm}+ Pp6f klqsf lgsfng] lxddtsf ;fy To;sf] tof/ldf nfug' eof]. k'tnl;8s l:yt Ps lrof k;ndf Clif wdnf, lhj]gb l;dv8f / s';'d e /fo{ a;]/ Pp6f kflifs klqsf lgsfng] af/]df 5nkmn u/]./, klqsfsf] gfd h'/fp goff k':tf. goff k':tfsf] k sfzgkl5 pxffsf] kqsfl/tfn] Pp6f ljlzi7 df]8 lng yfn]sf] xf]. ;fydf lbjobz{g,lxgb", lkk'n; l/eo", :k6nfo{6 cflb cvaf/x?df k d'v ;+jfbbftfsf]?kdf sfd ubf{ ub}{ pxff ;fktflxs 36gf / ljrf/;dd cfo{k'ubf Ps s'zn Pj+ rlr{t cgtjf{tfsf/ eo;sg' epsf] lyof]. tfhf ljifodf tfhf JolQmTj;Fu pxffn] lnpsf y'k} cgtjf{tfx? ;8sb]lv ;+;b;dd, em'k8lb]lv b/af/;dd rrf{sf] ljifo klg agof]. o;} sf/0fn] jl/i7 kqsf/ xl/x/ lj/xln] pxffnfo{ ;fktflxs ljdz{sf nflu cgtjf{tfsf/sf]?kdf :yfg lbg'epsf] pxff atfpg'x'g5. @)%@ ;fnb]lv cfh;dd nuftf/ wdnf ;fktflxs ljdz{df sfo{/t\ /xg' epsf] 5. o;alrdf pxffn] g]kfn hfu/0f, ;Tofu x, k hftgq va/klqsfdf / ef/tl b}lgs k~rfj s]z/ldf klg cfkm\gf] snd rnfo{;sg' epsf] 5. t/ pxffsf] kl/ro l/kf]6{;\ Snj g]kfn lagf ck'/f] agb5. cgtjf{tf{sf] If]qdf pxffsf] xfn;dd ljlegg If]qsf kffr xhf/egbf a9l JolQmsf] cgtjf{tf lno{;sg'epsf] 5. xjfohxfhdf r9\bfr9\b} xf]; of uf8ldf, ;+;bdf xf]; of kf6l{ sfof{nodf, kqsf/ wdnf cfkm"n] cgtjf{tf lng'kg]{ JolQm;Fu lnp/} 5f]8\g' x'g5 of] x7 / cftdljzjf; pxffsf] ;kmntfsf sf/s klg xf]. ef/tsf k"j{ k wfgdgql rgb z]v/, OGb/s'df/ u'h/fn, k"j{ u[xdgql j'6f l;+x, ef/tsf ljb]zdgql h;jgt l;+x, a+unfb]zsf k"j{ /fi6«klt Pzf{b df]xddb x';}g, hfkfgsf k"j{ k wfgdgql xfl;df]tf], hd{gsf k"j{ /fi6«klt xfuf]{; tyf y'k } :jb]zl tyf ljb]zl g]tfx?sf] cgtjf{tf lno{ ;Sg' epsf wdnfn] snfsf/x?df cldtfe arrg, b]jfggb, zfx?v vfg, dlgiff sf]o{/fnfsf] klg cgtjf{tf{ lng' epsf] 5. pxffsf] cgtjf{tf lng] ljlzi6tfsf sf/0f cª\u ]hl ;fktflxs ;08] l8:kofrn] pxffnfo{ b OG6/Eo'c/sf] pkflw lbpsf] lyof]. l/kf]6{;\ Snj g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsf] k ;+u sf]6\ofpfb} pxff egg'x'g5 ;a} kqsf/x?, vf; u/l o'jf kqsf/x?sf] ;femf rf}tf/l agfpg] wf]sf] lyof], Tof] k"/f epsf] 5.Ú kmfu'g dlxgfsf] Ps lbg udl{ 5Ng s]xl o'jf kqsf/x? Pp6f af/df a;]/ lao/ lko/x]sf] lyof]. pglx? alr kqsf/x?sf] Pp6f Sna vf]ng] ljifodf klg 5nkmn eo/x]sf] pqm sfo{qmddf Ps kqsf/n] eg] ækqsf/x?sf] ToxFf e]nf xf}+, Pp6f jf/ klg /fvf}+, ljo/ vfb} kqsf/x? alr x/]s ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg5.æ pqm ;sf/ftds tyf /rgftds cjwf/0ffnfo{ pxffn] d"t{tf lbg y'k } lbg / /ft vlr{g' eof] / ;f] Ps lbg ;Dej klg eof]. jl/i7 kqsf/ lhj]gb l;dv8fsf] kl/snkgfadf]lhd Snjdf ;fifftsf/ sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug{ yflnof]. cfh l/kf]6{;\ Snj g]kfnsf] ;fifftsf/ sifn] g]kfnl gful/s ;dfhnfo{ y'k } ;"rgf / cjwf/0ff lbpsf] 5, ;+rf/sdl{nfo{ ;+k ]if0fhgo ;fdu L pknaw u/fpg] ;f] Sna cfh rrf{sf] pknnf]:t/df k'lu;s]sf] 5. l/kf]6{;{ Snj g]kfnsf] of] rrf{, ;kmntf / pknawln] kqsf/ wdnfsf] b'mv j]bgf, x08/, 7Ss/, d]xgt, af}l4stf / nugzlntf k i6 emnsfo/x]sf] 5. k'/:sf/, ;Ddfg / cleggbg 5f]6f] ;dod} kqsfl/tf If]qdf pnn]vglo Pj+ cfp6:6fl08ª\ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]jfkt Ps bh{gegbf a9l k'/:sf/ Pj+ cleggbgaf6 ;Ddflgt x'g'epsf] 5. @)%^ ;fn r}t!( ut] ;dfh ptyfg tyf dfgj k ]/0ff s]gb gfds ;+:yfn] wdnfnfo{ aif]{gl k bfg ul/g] kgw xhf/?k}off /fzlsf] o'jf kqsfl/tf k'/:sf/ k bfg 17

u/]sf] lyof]. To:t} ;f]xl jif{ df3 @( ut] xfd f] g]kfn ;fdflhs ;+:yf goff afg]zj/n] pxffnfo{ kqsfl/tf If]qsf l;4x:t ;h{s, s'zn cgtjf{tfsf/ / sd{7 o'jf JolQmTjsf?kdf cleggbg u/]sf] lyof]. ;u/dfyf ;flxto snf k lti7fg lrtjgn] @)^& ;fn c;f]h @@ ut] ejo ;df/f]xsf alr pxffsf] cleggbg u/]sf] lyof]. To:t} ;u/dfyf k lti7fg g]kfnn] @)%^ ;fndf ;dfhsf ljlegg If]qsf jl/i7 JolQmTjx?sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ qmddf kqsfl/tf If]qaf6 sfo{qmddf cleggbg u/]sf] lyof] eg] o;} ;+:yfn] @)%& ;fnsf] g]kfn ;Ddfg sfo{qmddf kqsf/ wdnf cwoif /xg' epsf] l/kf]6{; Snj g]kfnnfo{ ;Ddfflgt u/]sf] lyof]. nuff/ b'o{ k6s Pp6} ;+:yfaf6 cleggblt ep/ wdnfn] g]kfnl kqsfl/tfsf] uf}/j a9fpg' epsf] lyof]. pqm cj;/df l/kf]6{; Snj g]kfnn] ;u/dfyf k lti7fg k lt s[t1tf k s6 u/]sf] lyof]. cfkm\gf] lhnnfsf] gfd rdsfpg] JolQmTjk lt lhnnfjf;lx?n] uf}/j ug'{ :jefljs g} xf]. o;}sf] k ltkmn wflbª ;dfh gfds ;+:yfn] @)%& ;fn h]7!) ut] rlr{t k leefzfnl o'jf kqsf/sf]?kdf cleggbg u/]sf] lyof]. sf7df8f}+df ;DkGg cf7f}+ blif0f PzLofnL v]ns'b k ltof]lutfnfo{ ;kmntfkm"j{s ;DkGg ug{ kqsfl/tfsf] If]qaf6 pnn]vglo of]ubfg k' ofp jfkt kqsf/ wdnfnfo{ ljz]if ;df/f]xdf ;Ddflgt ul/psf] lyof]. ;dfhsf cgo If]qsf] cfjfhx?nfo{ ;fifftsf/ sfo{qmdsf] dfwodaf6 hgtf;dd k' ofpg' l/kf]6{; Snj g]kfnsf] dfwodaf6 of]ubfg lbpjfkt kqsf/ wdnf l;g] ofql ;Ddfgaf6 @)%& ;fnd} ;Ddflgt x'g' epsf] lyof] eg] @)%* ;fn d+l;/ ( ut] pxffnfo{ ef:tlk'/ snf s]gb n] cleggbg u/]sf] lyof]. r08]zj/l k sfzgn] pxffnfo{ pts[i6 o'jf kqsf/sf]?kdf @)%* ;fndf ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof]. @)%( ;fndf /f}tx6 6fOD; ;fktflxsn] ;j{>]i7 kqsfl/tf If]qdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ cleggb u/]sf]. @)%( ;fnd} ;dflhs, cfly{s, ljsf; tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;d"x g]kfnn] ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof]. To;}u/L gj;fxf/faf6 g]kfn ;Ddfg4f/f cleggbg nufot cgo y'k } ;+3, ;+:yfaf6 ;Ddfg, cleggbg k fkt ug'{ epsf] 5. 18