Early Post-emergent control of Oxalis stricta (Oxalis) Chris Marble and Charles Gilliam

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Early Post-emergent control of Oxalis stricta (Oxalis) Chris Marble and Charles Gilliam

Materials and Methods: 2 experiments conducted to determine postemergence control of oxalis. All trials conducted at Paterson Greenhouse Complex Auburn, AL. Oxalis seed were sown at two different dates onto trade gal. pots filled with PB:Sand (6:1) media and standard amendments.

Materials and Methods, Experiment 1: Cotyledon to 1 Leaf 2 to 4 Leaf Growth Stage Pots Filled/Overseeded Treated 2 4 Leaf 5/31/2011 6/18/2011 Cotyledon 1 Leaf 6/7/2011 6/18/2011 72 at time of treatment

Materials and Methods, Experiment 2: Cotyledon to 1 Leaf 2 to 4 Leaf Growth Stage Pots Filled/Overseeded Treated 2 4 Leaf 7/6/2011 7/29/2011 Cotyledon 1 Leaf 7/18/2011 7/29/2011 90 at time of treatment

Postemergent stages before treatment

Herbicides Evaluated Experiment 1 1. Gallery - 0.5 lbs ai/a 2. Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 3. SC - 50 g ai/ha 4. SC 100 g ai/ha 5. Tower - 21 fl. oz./a 6. Tower 32 fl. oz./a 7. Non-ionic surfactant 0.25% 8. Control Experiment 2 1. Gallery - 0.5 lbs ai/a 2. Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 3. SC - 50 g ai/ha 4. SC 100 g ai/ha 5. Tower - 21 fl. oz./a 6. Tower 32 fl. oz./a 7. Control

Materials and Methods: Herbicides applied at 20 gpa. All herbicides applied with CO 2 backpack sprayer (25 psi, 80-04 nozzle). Foliage dry at time of application dry for 4 hrs. following application. Plants kept under 30% shade. Daily overhead irrigation (0.5 in).

Data Collected: Injury ratings at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). Fresh weights at 8 WAT.

Experiment 1 Results

Exp. 1 - Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Injury Ratings at 8 WAT Injury Ratings (0 10) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1.8 c 3.5 b 10.0 a 10.0 a 1.7 c 0.0 d 0.0 d 0.0 d

Exp. 1 - Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Fresh Weights at 8 WAT Oxalis Fresh Wt (g) 120 100 98.6 a 91.8 a 80 60 40 20 0 18.6 c 5.0 c 0.0 d 0.0 d 36.0 b 50.0 b

Cotyledon to 1 Leaf at 8 WAT Tower 21 fl.oz. aia Tower 32 fl.oz. aia Surfactant 0.25% Control Gallery 0.5 lbs aia Gallery 1.0 lbs aia 50 g ai/a 100 g ai/a

Exp. 1 2 to 4 Leaf Injury Ratings at 8 WAT Injury Ratings (0 10) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.0 b 0.0 b 10.0 a 10.0 a 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.0 b

Exp. 1-2 to 4 Leaf Fresh Weights at 8 WAT Oxalis Fresh Wt (g) 120 100 80 111.3 a 80.1 b 100.3 ab 92.6 ab 108.4 a 113.4 a 60 40 20 0 0.0 c 0.0 c

2 to 4 Leaf Stage at 8 WAT Tower 21 fl.oz. aia Tower 32 fl.oz. aia Surfactant 0.25% Control Gallery 0.5 lbs aia Gallery 1.0 lbs aia 50 g ai/a 100 g ai/a

Experiment 2 Results

Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Stage (4 WAT) Gallery (0.5 lbs aia) vs Control Tower (21 oz/a) vs Control Tower (32 oz/a) vs Control

Exp. 2 Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Injury Ratings at 8 WAT Injury Ratings (0 10) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4.0 c Gallery 0.5 lbs ai/a 6.9 b Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 10.0 a 10.0 a 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha 7.6 b 7.4 b Tower 21 fl. oz./a Tower 32 fl. oz./a 0.0 d Control

Exp. 2 - Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Fresh Weights at 8 WAT Oxalis Fresh Wt (g) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1.5 b Gallery 0.5 lbs ai/a 0.4 b 0.0 b 0.0 b 0.3 b 0.6 b Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha Tower 21 fl. oz./a Tower 32 fl. oz./a 18.8 a Control

Cotyledon to 1 Leaf at 8 WAT Gallery 0.5 lbs aia Gallery 1.0 lbs aia 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha Tower 21 fl. oz./a Tower 32 fl. oz./a Control

2 4 Leaf Stage (4 WAT) Gallery (0.5 lbs aia) vs Control Gallery (1.0 lbs aia) vs Control Tower (21 oz/a) vs Control Tower (32 oz/a) vs Control

Exp. 2 2 to 4 Leaf Injury Ratings at 8 WAT Injury Ratings (0 10) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1.1 cd Gallery 0.5 lbs ai/a 3.5 b Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 10.0 a 10.0 a 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha 2.5 bc Tower 21 fl. oz./a 2.1 bc Tower 32 fl. oz./a 0.0 d Control

60 50 40 30 Exp. 2-2 to 4 Leaf Fresh Weights at 8 WAT Oxalis Fresh Wt (g) 52.2 a 20 10 0 12.0 b Gallery 0.5 lbs ai/a 3.9 bc Gallery 1.0 lbs ai/a 0.0 c 0.0 c 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha 14.1 b Tower 21 fl. oz./a 16.9 b Tower 32 fl. oz./a Control

2 4 Leaf at 8 WAT Gallery 0.5 lbs aia Gallery 1.0 lbs aia 50 g ai/ha 100 g ai/ha Tower 21 fl. oz./a Tower 32 fl. oz./a Control

Summary: Cotyledon to 1 Leaf Experiment 1 All herbicides provided some control compared to non-treated. Gallery had lower F.W. than Tower treatments. had highest injury ratings (10.0) and lowest F.W. (0.0) of any treatment. Experiment 2 Tower treatments and Gallery (1.0 lbs aia) had higher injury ratings than Gallery (0.5 lbs aia). All F.W. were similar in herbicide treated pots. treatments had highest injury ratings (10) and had F.W. of 0.0.

Summary: 2 to 4 Leaf Experiment 1 had higher injury ratings (10) and lower F.W. (0.0) than any other herbicide. All treatments except had injury ratings of 0.0 at 8 WAT. Gallery (1.0 lbs aia) only other herbicide to have less F.W. than nontreated. Experiment 2 Better control than seen in Expt. 1. All treatments had reduced F.W. when compared to nontreated. had highest injury ratings (10.0) and F.W. of 0.0 at 8 WAT.

Conclusions: Best control when applied at early stages of growth. Best control achieved with completely controlled both postemergent stages. Gallery and Tower worked best when applied at cotyledon - 1 leaf stage. Warmer temperatures in Expt. 2 reduced oxalis growth increased herbicide efficacy. Temperature at time of treatment Expt. 1 72 F Expt. 2 90 F

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