The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, The CANDISC Procedure

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 63 Observations 67 DF Total 66 Variables 43 DF Within Classes 65 Classes 2 DF Between Classes 1 Class Level Information Variable SPECIES Name Frequency Weight Proportion 1 _1 47 47.0000 0.701493 2 _2 20 20.0000 0.298507

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 64 Pairwise Squared Distances Between Groups 2-1 D (i j) = (X - X )' COV (X - X ) i j i j Squared Distance to SPECIES From SPECIES 1 2 1 0 33.91413 2 33.91413 0 Because the pooled covariance matrix is singular, the F statistics and p-values are not valid and will not be displayed.

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 65 Univariate Test Statistics F Statistics, Num DF=1, Den DF=65 Total Pooled Between Standard Standard Standard R-Square Variable Label Deviation Deviation Deviation R-Square / (1-RSq) F Value Pr > F DIST_WAT 423.5963 420.9918 98.1034 0.0272 0.0280 1.82 0.1821 DIST_OPE 62.2964 62.6101 6.3118 0.0052 0.0052 0.34 0.5616 TREE_SP 4.5580 4.5903 0.2176 0.0012 0.0012 0.08 0.7847 TREE_HT 4.4202 3.9517 2.8623 0.2128 0.2704 17.58 <.0001 DBH 8.9963 8.0207 5.8846 0.2172 0.2774 18.03 <.0001 NEST_HT 3.3723 2.7901 2.7019 0.3258 0.4833 31.42 <.0001 _NEST_HT 12.6785 11.9887 6.1490 0.1194 0.1356 8.81 0.0042 DEG_SLOP 6.6312 6.4631 2.3628 0.0644 0.0689 4.48 0.0382 AVG_CAN 4.2115 3.5965 3.1377 0.2818 0.3923 25.50 <.0001 AVG_SH_D 10.1997 9.4316 5.6891 0.1579 0.1875 12.19 0.0009 AVG_SH_I 14.8595 14.5329 5.0216 0.0580 0.0615 4.00 0.0497 CAN_DE 35.6338 30.2937 26.8515 0.2882 0.4049 26.32 <.0001 _CAN_CON 34.1072 30.5004 22.0650 0.2124 0.2697 17.53 <.0001 TOT CA 11.0724 10.6149 4.7865 0.0949 0.1048 6.81 0.0112 _UND_DEC 27.0320 25.7873 12.2218 0.1038 0.1158 7.52 0.0079 _UND_CON 16.0087 14.3230 10.3372 0.2116 0.2685 17.45 <.0001 TOT UN 26.8103 26.9818 1.8846 0.0025 0.0025 0.16 0.6873 _GRN_DEC 25.1172 24.8664 6.5696 0.0347 0.0360 2.34 0.1311 GRN_CO 0.5209 0.5169 0.1274 0.0303 0.0313 2.03 0.1586 TOT GR 25.1079 24.8740 6.4422 0.0334 0.0346 2.25 0.1387 TOT_UNDS 9.9624 9.9935 1.3253 0.0090 0.0091 0.59 0.4455 BA 19.4539 19.5706 1.5699 0.0033 0.0033 0.22 0.6440 DENS 453.3592 395.7512 317.8774 0.2495 0.3325 21.61 <.0001 AVG_DBHC 7.3029 6.2379 5.4379 0.2814 0.3917 25.46 <.0001 Can1 1.9636 1.0000 2.3782 0.7446 2.9150 189.47 <.0001 Can2 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can3 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can4 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can5 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can6 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can7 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can8 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can12 Can1 1.9636 1.0000 2.3782 0.7446 2.9150 189.47 <.0001 Can22 Can2 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can32 Can3 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can42 Can4 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can52 Can5 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can62 Can6 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can72 Can7 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 Can82 Can8 0.9924 1.0000 0 0.0000 0.0000 0.00 1.0000 _1 0.4431 0.1725 0.5736 0.8508 5.7009 370.56 <.0001 _2 0.4431 0.1725 0.5736 0.8508 5.7009 370.56 <.0001 _INTO_ 0.4611 0.1723 0.6010 0.8625 6.2742 407.82 <.0001

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 66 Average R-Square Unweighted 0.1646336 Weighted by Variance 0.1443319 Multivariate Statistics and Exact F Statistics S=1 M=10.5 N=20.5 Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F Wilks' Lambda 0.12019005 13.69 23 43 <.0001 Pillai's Trace 0.87980995 13.69 23 43 <.0001 Hotelling-Lawley Trace 7.32015617 13.69 23 43 <.0001 Roy's Greatest Root 7.32015617 13.69 23 43 <.0001

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 67 Adjusted Approximate Squared Canonical Canonical Standard Canonical Correlation Correlation Error Correlation 1 0.937982 0.917480 0.014794 0.879810 Eigenvalues of Inv(E)*H = CanRsq/(1-CanRsq) Test of H0: The canonical correlations in the current row and all that follow are zero Likelihood Approximate Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative Ratio F Value Num DF Den DF Pr > F 1 7.3202 1.0000 1.0000 0.12019005 13.69 23 43 <.0001 NOTE: The F statistic is exact.

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 68 Total Canonical Structure Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 0.175909-0.050594 0.052688 0.057558 DIST_OPE 0.076956 0.009740 0.020517 0.018392 TREE_SP -0.036253 0.007362-0.011725-0.013066 TREE_HT 0.491852 0.072833-0.118200 0.209589 DBH 0.496832 0.054060 0.000968 0.028044 NEST_HT 0.608559 0.013973-0.159298 0.056088 _NEST_HT 0.368379-0.036969-0.011930-0.144406 DEG_SLOP 0.270638 0.014497-0.026010 0.568730 AVG_CAN 0.565901-0.019545 0.017892 0.098368 AVG_SH_D -0.423650-0.052364-0.028537-0.156538 AVG_SH_I -0.256681 0.037202-0.055309 0.194774 CAN_DE 0.572351 0.067433-0.080141-0.046412 _CAN_CON -0.491377-0.069124 0.092358 0.084034 TOT CA 0.328347 0.004089 0.026583 0.109493 _UND_DEC 0.343410-0.032458 0.002647 0.098832 _UND_CON -0.490458-0.012828-0.093261 0.083285 TOT UN 0.053393-0.040386-0.053018 0.149380 _GRN_DEC 0.198666-0.001069 0.034023 0.003825 GRN_CO -0.185705 0.034896-0.018543 0.003896 TOT GR 0.194886-0.000346 0.033651 0.003907 TOT_UNDS -0.101042 0.004580-0.007259-0.021073 BA 0.061293-0.004515 0.013594 0.099534 DENS -0.532566-0.039367-0.034511 0.250450 AVG_DBHC 0.565581 0.027275 0.308823 0.049730 Can1 0.919938 0.053188-0.051483 0.009524 Can2 0.000000-0.014209 0.179580-0.219406 Can3 0.000000-0.047114 0.124463 0.886068 Can4 0.000000 0.077362 0.937824-0.047175 Can5 0.000000-0.198937 0.151711-0.093705 Can6 0.000000 0.049065 0.001753 0.340494 Can7 0.000000 0.070708 0.055905-0.126747 Can8 0.000000 0.160455-0.035880 0.130435 Can12 Can1 0.919938 0.053188-0.051483 0.009524 Can22 Can2 0.000000-0.014209 0.179580-0.219406 Can32 Can3 0.000000-0.047114 0.124463 0.886068 Can42 Can4 0.000000 0.077362 0.937824-0.047175 Can52 Can5 0.000000-0.198937 0.151711-0.093705 Can62 Can6 0.000000 0.049065 0.001753 0.340494 Can72 Can7 0.000000 0.070708 0.055905-0.126747 Can82 Can8 0.000000 0.160455-0.035880 0.130435 _1 0.983356 0.101941-0.010900-0.020970 _2-0.983356-0.101941 0.010900 0.020970 _INTO_ -0.990129 0.044362-0.015633 0.040615

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 69 Total Canonical Structure Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.027795-0.054951 0.073521-0.122691 DIST_OPE -0.042530-0.032964-0.034143-0.016425 TREE_SP 0.020798-0.008568-0.000719 0.026645 TREE_HT -0.245369 0.112574-0.117460-0.130601 DBH -0.240427-0.352937-0.099889-0.078663 NEST_HT -0.244837 0.144503 0.032210-0.242335 _NEST_HT -0.126504 0.071398 0.282287-0.205071 DEG_SLOP -0.052843-0.090199-0.018944-0.071875 AVG_CAN -0.241735 0.114266-0.081341-0.005324 AVG_SH_D 0.228386 0.377489 0.367222 0.115814 AVG_SH_I 0.080227 0.192178-0.073153 0.020250 CAN_DE -0.090993-0.185489 0.063238 0.255981 _CAN_CON 0.156851 0.224850-0.060493-0.386104 TOT CA 0.190323 0.095673 0.017174-0.365535 _UND_DEC 0.000938 0.022401 0.127306 0.163762 _UND_CON 0.236869-0.143972 0.100408 0.366499 TOT UN 0.142382-0.063381 0.188314 0.383957 _GRN_DEC -0.058444 0.008480-0.042294 0.042913 GRN_CO -0.008858-0.016155-0.075716 0.068939 TOT GR -0.058650 0.008148-0.043880 0.044359 TOT_UNDS 0.034219 0.073684-0.005837 0.024787 BA -0.044959 0.005399-0.019273-0.043994 DENS 0.212027-0.027942 0.186218-0.162971 AVG_DBHC -0.267687-0.081150-0.108892 0.037082 Can1-0.303874 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can2 0.045637-0.751461 0.022621 0.022331 Can3 0.085294-0.146420 0.131329-0.007949 Can4-0.189881 0.094146-0.073505-0.071888 Can5 0.136263 0.315751-0.313617 0.663304 Can6-0.134693 0.226235-0.294402-0.087300 Can7-0.110781 0.406210 0.716309-0.018638 Can8-0.229690-0.245213 0.268070 0.722922 Can12-0.303874 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can22 0.045637-0.751461 0.022621 0.022331 Can32 0.085294-0.146420 0.131329-0.007949 Can42-0.189881 0.094146-0.073505-0.071888 Can52 0.136263 0.315751-0.313617 0.663304 Can62-0.134693 0.226235-0.294402-0.087300 Can72-0.110781 0.406210 0.716309-0.018638 Can82-0.229690-0.245213 0.268070 0.722922 _1-0.003899 0.030833-0.022810 0.014134 _2 0.003899-0.030833 0.022810-0.014134 _INTO_ -0.042454-0.001780-0.010777-0.025389

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 70 Between Canonical Structure Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DIST_OPE 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 TREE_SP -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 TREE_HT 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DBH 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 NEST_HT 1.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 _NEST_HT 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DEG_SLOP 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 AVG_CAN 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 AVG_SH_D -1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 AVG_SH_I -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 CAN_DE 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _CAN_CON -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 TOT CA 1.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 _UND_DEC 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _UND_CON -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 TOT UN 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _GRN_DEC 1.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 GRN_CO -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 TOT GR 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 TOT_UNDS -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 BA 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DENS -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000 AVG_DBHC 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can1 1.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 Can2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can3 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can4 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can5 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can6 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can7 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can8 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can12 Can1 1.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 Can22 Can2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can32 Can3 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can42 Can4 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can52 Can5 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can62 Can6 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can72 Can7 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can82 Can8 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 _2-1.000000 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 _INTO_ -1.000000 0.000000-0.000000-0.000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 71 Between Canonical Structure Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DIST_OPE -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 TREE_SP 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 TREE_HT -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DBH -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 NEST_HT -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _NEST_HT -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DEG_SLOP -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 AVG_CAN -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 AVG_SH_D 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 AVG_SH_I 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 CAN_DE -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _CAN_CON 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 TOT CA -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _UND_DEC -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _UND_CON 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 TOT UN -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _GRN_DEC -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 GRN_CO 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 TOT GR -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 TOT_UNDS 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 BA -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 DENS 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 AVG_DBHC -0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can1-0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can2 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can3 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can4 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can5 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can6 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can7 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can8 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can12-0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can22 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can32 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can42 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can52 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can62 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can72 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can82 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _1-0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 _2 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000 _INTO_ 0.000000 0.000000-0.000000 0.000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 72 Pooled Within Canonical Structure Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 0.061832-0.051297 0.053420 0.058345 DIST_OPE 0.026749 0.009765 0.020570 0.018436 TREE_SP -0.012576 0.007366-0.011732-0.013070 TREE_HT 0.192193 0.082090-0.133224 0.236178 DBH 0.194676 0.061100 0.001094 0.031689 NEST_HT 0.256952 0.017018-0.194009 0.068295 _NEST_HT 0.136094-0.039395-0.012712-0.153850 DEG_SLOP 0.097004 0.014988-0.026891 0.587858 AVG_CAN 0.231493-0.023061 0.021112 0.116043 AVG_SH_D -0.160052-0.057063-0.031098-0.170545 AVG_SH_I -0.091684 0.038330-0.056985 0.200631 CAN_DE 0.235192 0.079927-0.094989-0.054999 _CAN_CON -0.191957-0.077890 0.104070 0.094670 TOT CA 0.119649 0.004298 0.027941 0.115061 _UND_DEC 0.125758-0.034285 0.002796 0.104373 _UND_CON -0.191502-0.014448-0.105035 0.093779 TOT UN 0.018534-0.040437-0.053084 0.149534 _GRN_DEC 0.070102-0.001088 0.034629 0.003892 GRN_CO -0.065380 0.035438-0.018831 0.003956 TOT GR 0.068722-0.000352 0.034227 0.003973 TOT_UNDS -0.035188 0.004601-0.007291-0.021164 BA 0.021285-0.004522 0.013616 0.099676 DENS -0.213129-0.045443-0.039837 0.289040 AVG_DBHC 0.231311 0.032175 0.364310 0.058652 Can1 0.631040 0.105239-0.101864 0.018840 Can2 0.000000-0.014209 0.179578-0.219356 Can3 0.000000-0.047113 0.124462 0.885867 Can4 0.000000 0.077361 0.937813-0.047164 Can5 0.000000-0.198936 0.151710-0.093684 Can6 0.000000 0.049064 0.001753 0.340416 Can7 0.000000 0.070707 0.055905-0.126718 Can8 0.000000 0.160454-0.035880 0.130406 Can12 Can1 0.631040 0.105239-0.101864 0.018840 Can22 Can2 0.000000-0.014209 0.179578-0.219356 Can32 Can3 0.000000-0.047113 0.124462 0.885867 Can42 Can4 0.000000 0.077361 0.937813-0.047164 Can52 Can5 0.000000-0.198936 0.151710-0.093684 Can62 Can6 0.000000 0.049064 0.001753 0.340416 Can72 Can7 0.000000 0.070707 0.055905-0.126718 Can82 Can8 0.000000 0.160454-0.035880 0.130406 _1 0.882494 0.263884-0.028216-0.054270 _2-0.882494-0.263884 0.028216 0.054270 _INTO_ -0.925801 0.119648-0.042164 0.109516

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 73 Pooled Within Canonical Structure Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.028179-0.055475 0.074542-0.123997 DIST_OPE -0.042638-0.032908-0.034232-0.016415 TREE_SP 0.020808-0.008536-0.000720 0.026575 TREE_HT -0.276542 0.126340-0.132390-0.146731 DBH -0.271721-0.397188-0.112897-0.088622 NEST_HT -0.298171 0.175236 0.039229-0.294196 _NEST_HT -0.134798 0.075758 0.300812-0.217829 DEG_SLOP -0.054629-0.092854-0.019585-0.074070 AVG_CAN -0.285217 0.134249-0.095977-0.006262 AVG_SH_D 0.248864 0.409596 0.400170 0.125801 AVG_SH_I 0.082653 0.197152-0.075369 0.020796 CAN_DE -0.107847-0.218914 0.074955 0.302438 _CAN_CON 0.176733 0.252278-0.068165-0.433674 TOT CA 0.200034 0.100130 0.018051-0.382977 _UND_DEC 0.000990 0.023560 0.134472 0.172427 _UND_CON 0.266758-0.161453 0.113084 0.411447 TOT UN 0.142552-0.063188 0.188548 0.383205 _GRN_DEC -0.059482 0.008594-0.043047 0.043537 GRN_CO -0.008995-0.016336-0.076891 0.069784 TOT GR -0.059651 0.008252-0.044632 0.044974 TOT_UNDS 0.034371 0.073700-0.005863 0.024819 BA -0.045030 0.005385-0.019305-0.043926 DENS 0.244737-0.032117 0.214958-0.187521 AVG_DBHC -0.315767-0.095321-0.128458 0.043604 Can1-0.601216 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can2 0.045634-0.748234 0.022621 0.022259 Can3 0.085289-0.145791 0.131327-0.007923 Can4-0.189869 0.093742-0.073504-0.071657 Can5 0.136255 0.314395-0.313614 0.661175 Can6-0.134684 0.225264-0.294399-0.087020 Can7-0.110774 0.404465 0.716301-0.018578 Can8-0.229675-0.244160 0.268067 0.720602 Can12-0.601216 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Can22 0.045634-0.748234 0.022621 0.022259 Can32 0.085289-0.145791 0.131327-0.007923 Can42-0.189869 0.093742-0.073504-0.071657 Can52 0.136255 0.314395-0.313614 0.661175 Can62-0.134684 0.225264-0.294399-0.087020 Can72-0.110774 0.404465 0.716301-0.018578 Can82-0.229675-0.244160 0.268067 0.720602 _1-0.010093 0.079471-0.059046 0.036469 _2 0.010093-0.079471 0.059046-0.036469 _INTO_ -0.114493-0.004780-0.029066-0.068255

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 74 Total-Sample Standardized Canonical Coefficients Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 0.028549113-0.110189476-0.132163802-0.134005381 DIST_OPE -0.024687624-0.234674619 0.038096581-0.197634585 TREE_SP -0.121573384 0.999293276 0.521431647-0.600943305 TREE_HT -0.123167638 2.342966424-0.534968976 1.340090525 DBH 0.035135251 0.426131265-0.415528376-0.320886844 NEST_HT 0.140045541-2.032037184-0.777584720-1.385067332 _NEST_HT -0.049522275 0.693082024-0.075134202 0.594101109 DEG_SLOP 0.177616714-0.294576813-0.042505811 0.941877471 AVG_CAN 0.065501178-1.919893554 0.063202760 0.566530634 AVG_SH_D 0.001370273 0.451904486 0.218987959-0.308889964 AVG_SH_I 0.050301328 0.271411311 0.145026430 0.167058976 CAN_DE 0.200610552-1.201539086-0.413966892-0.238762445 _CAN_CON -0.027913206-1.231765381-0.174992796-0.012634448 TOT CA 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _UND_DEC -0.073670108 0.140612624-0.096274076 0.448706784 _UND_CON -0.175482981-0.593397120-0.775830595 0.301677888 TOT UN 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _GRN_DEC 0.015478473-1.078476008-0.282687230 0.097553231 GRN_CO -0.066651322 0.327441722 0.090616709 0.025322771 TOT GR 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 TOT_UNDS -0.008042739-0.187150619 0.294189610-0.157367003 BA 0.056644480-1.044097787-1.970190303-0.272214373 DENS 0.048099261 0.774865197 1.359729017 0.632514216 AVG_DBHC -0.030944238 0.711038221 2.690752187-0.019662399 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can12 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can22 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can32 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can42 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can52 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can62 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can72 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can82 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _1 0.714017490 5.913029766 0.350525687-0.064830800 _2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _INTO_ -1.910298310 4.668743809 0.000000000 0.000000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 75 Total-Sample Standardized Canonical Coefficients Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.341367823-0.337728249 0.440248296-0.368492608 DIST_OPE 0.633484864-0.010620813-0.100007167-0.093761476 TREE_SP 0.369660532-0.120427408 0.157009170-0.370540092 TREE_HT -5.429195339 1.339280758 3.236281267-0.262885051 DBH 0.597907276-1.547219921 0.372620437-0.910240012 NEST_HT 4.645800253-0.790805953-3.112404389-0.732819192 _NEST_HT -3.845281169 0.555263456 2.781288728 0.199247320 DEG_SLOP -0.346015000 0.039859589 0.003468707 0.221684107 AVG_CAN 0.314804704 0.301882152-0.529296899 1.144081169 AVG_SH_D 0.397799726 0.331243192 0.909033205-0.080079838 AVG_SH_I 0.898273473 0.284231617-0.599670840 0.100879756 CAN_DE 0.466347686 0.115794548-0.681989703-0.523509385 _CAN_CON 0.636174263 0.340802118-0.904650592-1.381673296 TOT CA 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _UND_DEC 0.260712744 0.057661572 0.520780838 0.146195398 _UND_CON -0.287488979-0.289761426 0.205750935 0.650145967 TOT UN 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _GRN_DEC -0.801792566-0.103766665-0.334825938-0.352618879 GRN_CO -0.282566753-0.068263344 0.142932711 0.497959622 TOT GR 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 TOT_UNDS -0.102091784 0.177415030 0.005127934-0.297853929 BA -1.565183116 0.417897217-0.575926465 0.513147609 DENS 2.027622342-0.776864225 0.835390715-0.540014775 AVG_DBHC 0.627459950 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can12 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can22 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can32 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can42 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can52 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can62 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can72 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can82 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _1 2.068859024 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _INTO_ 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 76 Pooled Within-Class Standardized Canonical Coefficients Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 0.028373582-0.109511986-0.131351205-0.133181462 DIST_OPE -0.024811909-0.235856047 0.038288372-0.198629542 TREE_SP -0.122434147 1.006368468 0.525123485-0.605198102 TREE_HT -0.110114057 2.094653605-0.478271768 1.198064736 DBH 0.031324987 0.379919200-0.370466148-0.286088074 NEST_HT 0.115869354-1.681244791-0.643349576-1.145961922 _NEST_HT -0.046828151 0.655376792-0.071046731 0.561780663 DEG_SLOP 0.173114930-0.287110617-0.041428480 0.918005118 AVG_CAN 0.055937251-1.639566978 0.053974429 0.483810635 AVG_SH_D 0.001267074 0.417870510 0.202495467-0.285626743 AVG_SH_I 0.049195788 0.265446141 0.141838989 0.163387296 CAN_DE 0.170546963-1.021475893-0.351929625-0.202981397 _CAN_CON -0.024961423-1.101507881-0.156487548-0.011298372 TOT CA 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _UND_DEC -0.070278032 0.134138237-0.091841220 0.428046469 _UND_CON -0.157004939-0.530913472-0.694137030 0.269911749 TOT UN 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _GRN_DEC 0.015323892-1.067705391-0.279864065 0.096578978 GRN_CO -0.066135327 0.324906763 0.089915181 0.025126730 TOT GR 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 TOT_UNDS -0.008067890-0.187735867 0.295109585-0.157859114 BA 0.056984135-1.050358466-1.982004071-0.273846641 DENS 0.041987330 0.676403767 1.186949463 0.552141198 AVG_DBHC -0.026431886 0.607353168 2.298381180-0.016795187 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can12 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can22 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can32 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can42 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can52 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can62 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can72 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can82 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _1 0.277944171 2.301753360 0.136448438-0.025236557 _2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _INTO_ -0.713715175 1.744310450 0.000000000 0.000000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 77 Pooled Within-Class Standardized Canonical Coefficients Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.339268956-0.335651759 0.437541471-0.366226967 DIST_OPE 0.636674033-0.010674282-0.100510635-0.094233502 TREE_SP 0.372277800-0.121280057 0.158120826-0.373163589 TREE_HT -4.853797081 1.197340790 2.893292944-0.235023905 DBH 0.533066857-1.379430714 0.332211387-0.811528479 NEST_HT 3.843791607-0.654288415-2.575107240-0.606311960 _NEST_HT -3.636089164 0.525055867 2.629980322 0.188407814 DEG_SLOP -0.337245078 0.038849327 0.003380791 0.216065413 AVG_CAN 0.268839591 0.257803880-0.452013454 0.977032139 AVG_SH_D 0.367840505 0.306296498 0.840571803-0.074048840 AVG_SH_I 0.878530911 0.277984677-0.586491069 0.098662586 CAN_DE 0.396460610 0.098441524-0.579786416-0.445056030 _CAN_CON 0.568899707 0.304762761-0.808985033-1.235563240 TOT CA 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _UND_DEC 0.248708451 0.055006595 0.496801936 0.139463957 _UND_CON -0.257216907-0.259250070 0.184085732 0.581686768 TOT UN 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _GRN_DEC -0.793785155-0.102730359-0.331482070-0.349097314 GRN_CO -0.280379203-0.067734869 0.141826167 0.494104563 TOT GR 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 TOT_UNDS -0.102411040 0.177969834 0.005143970-0.298785363 BA -1.574568357 0.420403036-0.579379868 0.516224574 DENS 1.769974179-0.678148780 0.729238362-0.471395579 AVG_DBHC 0.535962452 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can1 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can3 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can4 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can5 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can6 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can7 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can8 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can12 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can22 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can32 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can42 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can52 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can62 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can72 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 Can82 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _1 0.805340646 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _2 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 _INTO_ 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 78 Raw Canonical Coefficients Variable Label Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 DIST_WAT 0.00006740-0.00026013-0.00031200-0.00031635 DIST_OPE -0.00039629-0.00376706 0.00061154-0.00317249 TREE_SP -0.02667233 0.21923782 0.11439839-0.13184268 TREE_HT -0.02786486 0.53006161-0.12102884 0.30317572 DBH 0.00390553 0.04736749-0.04618891-0.03566883 NEST_HT 0.04152826-0.60256807-0.23058029-0.41071953 _NEST_HT -0.00390601 0.05466601-0.00592612 0.04685901 DEG_SLOP 0.02678513-0.04442305-0.00641000 0.14203791 AVG_CAN 0.01555305-0.45587287 0.01500730 0.13452097 AVG_SH_D 0.00013434 0.04430553 0.02146997-0.03028413 AVG_SH_I 0.00338513 0.01826518 0.00975985 0.01124257 CAN_DE 0.00562978-0.03371908-0.01161725-0.00670045 _CAN_CON -0.00081840-0.03611454-0.00513067-0.00037043 TOT CA 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _UND_DEC -0.00272529 0.00520171-0.00356148 0.01659909 _UND_CON -0.01096173-0.03706718-0.04846308 0.01884463 TOT UN 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _GRN_DEC 0.00061625-0.04293774-0.01125472 0.00388392 GRN_CO -0.12794624 0.62856871 0.17395104 0.04861049 TOT GR 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 TOT_UNDS -0.00080731-0.01878576 0.02953009-0.01579615 BA 0.00291172-0.05367023-0.10127459-0.01399276 DENS 0.00010610 0.00170916 0.00299923 0.00139517 AVG_DBHC -0.00423727 0.09736426 0.36845151-0.00269242 Can1 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can2 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can3 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can4 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can5 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can6 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can7 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can8 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can12 Can1 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can22 Can2 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can32 Can3 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can42 Can4 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can52 Can5 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can62 Can6 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can72 Can7 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can82 Can8 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _1 1.61146431 13.34510232 0.79110056-0.14631647 _2 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _INTO_ -4.14330242 10.12617633 0.00000000 0.00000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 79 Raw Canonical Coefficients Variable Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 DIST_WAT -0.00080588-0.00079729 0.00103931-0.00086991 DIST_OPE 0.01016888-0.00017049-0.00160534-0.00150509 TREE_SP 0.08110089-0.02642091 0.03444669-0.08129385 TREE_HT -1.22827540 0.30299253 0.73216092-0.05947387 DBH 0.06646161-0.17198439 0.04141939-0.10117959 NEST_HT 1.37763764-0.23450084-0.92293366-0.21730579 _NEST_HT -0.30329194 0.04379574 0.21937081 0.01571539 DEG_SLOP -0.05218009 0.00601094 0.00052309 0.03343062 AVG_CAN 0.07474942 0.07168100-0.12567993 0.27165859 AVG_SH_D 0.03900100 0.03247568 0.08912325-0.00785117 AVG_SH_I 0.06045114 0.01912795-0.04035607 0.00678891 CAN_DE 0.01308723 0.00324957-0.01913884-0.01469137 _CAN_CON 0.01865221 0.00999209-0.02652376-0.04050974 TOT CA 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _UND_DEC 0.00964459 0.00213308 0.01926533 0.00540823 _UND_CON -0.01795830-0.01810025 0.01285245 0.04061206 TOT UN 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _GRN_DEC -0.03192204-0.00413130-0.01333054-0.01403894 GRN_CO -0.54242514-0.13104073 0.27437869 0.95590091 TOT GR 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 TOT_UNDS -0.01024774 0.01780852 0.00051473-0.02989791 BA -0.08045582 0.02148136-0.02960461 0.02637756 DENS 0.00447244-0.00171357 0.00184267-0.00119114 AVG_DBHC 0.08591968 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can1 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can2 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can3 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can4 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can5 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can6 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can7 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can8 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can12 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can22 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can32 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can42 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can52 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can62 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can72 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 Can82 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _1 4.66920284 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _2 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 _INTO_ 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 80 Class Means on Canonical Variables SPECIES Can1 Can2 Can3 Can4 1 1.738383212 0.000000000 0.000000000-0.000000000 2-4.085200547 0.000000000 0.000000000-0.000000000 Class Means on Canonical Variables SPECIES Can5 Can6 Can7 Can8 1-0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 2 0.000000000 0.000000000-0.000000000 0.000000000

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 81 Plot of Can1*Can2. Symbol is value of SPECIES. Can1 3 ˆ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 ˆ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ˆ 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 ˆ 1 1 1 2 11 1 1-1 ˆ 2 1-2 ˆ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2-3 ˆ 2 2 2 2 2-4 ˆ 2-5 ˆ 2 Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 Can2 NOTE: 7 obs had missing values. 1 obs hidden.

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 82 Plot of Can1*Can3. Symbol is value of SPECIES. Can1 3 ˆ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 ˆ 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ˆ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 ˆ 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1-1 ˆ 2 1-2 ˆ 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2-3 ˆ 2 2 2 2 2-4 ˆ 2-5 ˆ 2 Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 Can3 NOTE: 7 obs had missing values. 2 obs hidden.

The SAS System 09:38 Wednesday, December 2, 2009 83 Plot of Can2*Can3. Symbol is value of SPECIES. Can2 2 ˆ 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ˆ 1 2 2 1 1 1 12 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 ˆ 1 12 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2-1 ˆ 1 2 12 1 1 1 2 1 1 1-2 ˆ 1-3 ˆ Šƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒˆƒƒ -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 Can3 NOTE: 7 obs had missing values. 1 obs hidden.