The Spanish Truffle World 2013 Progress and Challenges Christine Fischer Daniel Oliach Forest Science Centre of Catalonia Australian Truffle Growers Association 2013 Annual General Meeting and Conference 23-25 August 2013 Mittagong
TRUFFLE PRODUCTION
Black Truffles from Europe Estimated production France 45% 27 tons Italy 19% 12 tons Spain 36% 21 tons Total 60 tons Source GETT 2010 Photo: John Garrone
Precio ( /kg) Changing prices for Black Truffles paid in the Spanish Market (Mean price/kilo/week in adjusted to January 2013) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 55-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-85 85-90 91-94 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 Season 10 year mean price: 430-450 Range between: 200-900 in same season Higher prices paid for plantation vs wild truffles: 60-120 /kg
TRUFFLE PLANTATIONS INCREASING
Area dedicated to truffle plantations Community Ha Aragon 6,250 Castile and Leon 1,600 Valencia 950 Catalonia 530 Castile and La Mancha 300 Navarra 300 The Basque Country 180 Andalusia 110 La Rioja 105 Total 10,325 Source: J. Vila 2011; Reyna, 2013 2013: 12,000 ha in Spain and 30,000 ha in Europe
PLANT NURSERIES EXPANDING 200,000 SEEDLINGS/YR
Spain: Tree nurseries specializing in seedlings inoculated with truffles T. melanosporum T. aestivum T. borchii Terfezia sp. Quercus ilex Q. faginea Q. coccifera Corylus avellana 27 nurseries 7 communities 2 new nurseries 2013
TRUFFLE FESTIVALS
Truffle festivals in Spain Sarrion, 1st Fitruf 2001 El Toro Abejar Ainsa Graus Orísoain, Estella- Navarra Berguedà, Catalonia Solsona, Catalonia Centelles, Catalonia Soto en Cameros, La Rioja T. aestivum Belmonte de San José, Bajo Aragón Búsqueda de la trufa. Moisés Torrealba
Sell plants Give technical support Enroll clients Travel the festival routes
FIELD EXTENSION SERVICES
Laboratory Extension Services Plant evaluation method ISO certified Spore suspension analysis Soil DNA: presence of Tuber mycelium in orchards
RESEARCH
Tuber melanosporum Mycorrhizae Vegetative mycelium Reproductive body Spore-filled truffle
Herbaceous cover Mycelial expansion
ECTOMYCORRHIZAE: DIVERSITY IN TRUFFLE BEDS Diversity of ectomycorrhizae in black truffle plantations in Teruel. Sergio Sanchez et al. (2013 Trufficulture Congress Teruel) Below-ground ectomycorrhizal community in natural tuber melanosporum truffle grounds and dynamics after canopy opening. Garcia and Reyna, Mycorrhiza (2012) 22:361-369
MOLECULAR STUDIES MYCELIUM AND ASCOCARPS Quantification of extraradical mycelium of Tuber melanosporum in soils from truffle orchards in northern Spain Javier Parladé et al. 2013, Mycorrhiza (2013) 23:99-106 Tuber melanosporum rapidly colonizes soil surrounding its host tree in Quercus ilex plantations Liu Bing et al. in press (Trufficulture Congress, Teruel 2013) Genetic diversity and structure of the Iberian populations of T. melanosporum Garcia-Cunchillos et al. (Trufficulture Congress,Teruel 2013)
Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum Truffles by Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Microperforated Films DOMINGO BLANCO, Univ. of Zaragoza Vol. 75, Nr. 4, 2010 JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE CONSERVATION OF TRUFFLE PRODUCTS
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Mites Candidatus phytoplsma Insects: Ommatoilus sabulosus Megaselia sp Lycoriella sp Suillia pallida Helomyza tubervora Leiodes cinnamomea Truffle fly PEST ALERTS http://www.trifolabianca.it/mojoportal/1insetti-e-parassiti-del-tartufo.aspx
Photo: Trufamanía.com
ROLE OF TRUFFLE VOC AND BEETLE LIFE CYCLE A method for capturing, marking and recapturing provides a menas for estimating the population of Leiodes cinnamomea Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), a plague of the truffle T. melanosporum Vittadini Pérez-Andueza et al. 2011 The role of semiochemicals in the interaction of the primary mycophagist Leiodes cinnamomea Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) and its host (Tuber melanosporum Vittadini) Hidalgo, F. et al. 2011
Study the life cycle and damage levels Develop high scale trapping methods Improve trapping system and retest Register patent for trapping method TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER http://patentados.com/patente/trampa-para-la-captura-de-insectos/
TERUEL 2013