WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 The Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) monitors trends in staple food prices in countries vulnerable to food insecurity. For each FEWS NET country and region, the Price Bulletin provides a set of charts showing monthly prices in the current marketing year in selected urban centers and allowing users to compare current trends with both five-year average prices, indicative of seasonal trends, and prices in the previous year. West Africa can be divided into three agro-ecological zones or three different trade basins (West Basin, Central Basin and East Basin). Both important for understanding market behavior and dynamics. The three major agro-ecological zones are the Sahelian, the Sudanese and the Coastal zones where production and consumption can be easily classified. (1) In the Sahelian zone, millet is the principal cereal cultivated and consumed particularly in rural areas and increasingly, when accessible, in urban areas. Exceptions include Cape Verde where maize and rice are most important, Mauritania where sorghum and maize are staples, and Senegal with rice. The principal substitutes in the Sahel are sorghum, rice, and cassava flour (Gari), the latter two in times of shortage. (2) In the Sudanese zone (southern Chad, central Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo, Côte d'ivoire, southern Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Serra Leone, Liberia) maize and sorghum constitute the principal cereals consumed by the majority of the population. They are followed by rice and tubers, particularly cassava and yam. (3) In the Coastal zone, with two rainy seasons, yam and maize constitute the most important food products. They are supplemented by cowpea, which is a significant source of protein. The three trade basins are known as the West, Central, and East basins. In addition to the north to south movement of particular commodities, certain cereals flow horizontally. (1) The West basin refers to Mauritania, Senegal, western Mali, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and The Gambia where rice is most heavily traded. (2) The Central basin consists of Côte d'ivoire, central and eastern Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo where maize is commonly traded. (3) The East basin refers to Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Benin where millet is traded most frequently. These three trade basins are shown on the map above. FEWS NET gratefully acknowledges the local government agencies, market information systems, UN agencies, NGOs, and private sector partners. FEWS NET West Africa fews.west@fews.net www.fews.net FEWS NET is a USAID-funded activity. The content of this report does not necessarily reflect the view of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.
WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 5-year average 213/14-217/18 2-year average 216/17-217/18 Previous year 217/18 Current year 218/19 MAIZE: Maize is the main food staple for the majority of the Guinean and West African coastal counties, and particularly food insecure and rural populations, and acts as a substitute for millet and sorghum in the Sahel during times of shortfalls. It is also used by industry and for animal feed. 22 215 21 25 2 195 19 185 18 175 Maize: Nominal retail prices in Niamey, Katako, Niger NGN/1 kg 16 12 8 4 Maize: Nominal wholesale prices in Kano, Dawanau, Nigeria 2 Maize: Nominal retail prices in Bobo Dioulasso, Nieneta, Burkina Faso 3 Maize: Nominal retail prices in Bol, Chad 15 25 2 1 5 XAF/kg 15 1 5 25 2 15 1 5 Maize: Nominal retail prices in Sikasso, Sikasso centre, Mali Maize: Nominal retail prices in Malanville, Benin 25 2 15 1 5 Famine Early Warning Systems Network 2
WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 5-year average 213/14-217/18 2-year average 216/17-217/18 Previous year 217/18 Current year 218/19 COWPEA: Cowpea is a basic food for the coastal countries and also acts as a source of protein and meat substitute for poor households in the Sahel. Cowpea: Nominal retail prices in Maradi, Niger 6 5 4 3 2 1 NGN/1 kg 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Cowpea: Nominal wholesale prices in Kano, Dawanau, Nigeria RICE: Rice is an important commodity for the urban Sahel and West African region. Monitoring market trends for rice is necessary because unfavorable conditions can lead to social instability. All of the markets shown here represent those that import international products for dissemination to other markets. 6 Rice: Nominal retail prices in Niamey, Katako, Niger 2 Rice: Nominal wholesale prices in Ibadan, Bodija, Nigeria 5 4 3 2 1 NGN/5 kg 15 1 5 5 Rice: Nominal retail prices in Ouagadougou, Sankaryare, Burkina Faso 4 3 2 1 Famine Early Warning Systems Network 3
WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 5-year average 213/14-217/18 2-year average 216/17-217/18 Previous year 217/18 Current year 218/19 Rice: Nominal retail prices in N'Djamena, Chad Rice: Nominal retail prices in Bamako, Mali XAF/kg 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 Year Average Sum of value Current Year 43 42 41 4 39 38 37 36 35 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Rice: Nominal retail prices in Cotonou (Dantokpa), Benin 33 32 31 3 29 28 27 26 25 24 Rice: Nominal retail prices in Dakar, Tilène, Senegal MRU/kg 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Rice: Nominal retail prices in Nouakchott, Mauritania Famine Early Warning Systems Network 4
WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 5-year average 213/14-217/18 2-year average 216/17-217/18 Previous year 217/18 Current year 218/19 SORGHUM: Sorghum is generally the first substitute for millet and is more important in the Sahel for consumption, industry, and animal feed. There is currently significant competition between human food consumption in Sahelian zones and breweries that demand sorghum for beer production. NGN/1 kg 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Sorghum: Nominal wholesale prices in Kano, Nigeria MRU/kg 5 4 3 2 1 Sorghum: Nominal retail prices in Nouakchott, Mauritania 3 Sorghum: Nominal retail prices in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 25 2 15 1 5 YAMS: Yams are important for food security in the coastal countries and the southern part of Nigeria. Through commercial flows, surplus yam from the coastal countries moves to the urban areas of the Sahel and several rural areas to reinforce the food availability during the lean season and times of shortfalls. It is also a first substitute when cereal prices start to rise. 25 Yams: Nominal retail prices in Lagos, Milie 12, Nigeria 4 Yams: Nominal retail prices in Cotonou, Dantokpa, Benin 2 35 3 NGN/kg 15 1 25 2 15 5 1 5 Famine Early Warning Systems Network 5
WEST AFRICA Price Bulletin December 218 5-year average 213/14-217/18 2-year average 216/17-217/18 Previous year 217/18 Current year 218/19 MILLET: Millet is the main food staple for a majority of the Sahelian food insecure populations, particularly for the rural and urban poor. These are the main market centers for the Sahelian countries, where a majority of the population relies on it. 3 Millet: Nominal Retail Prices in Maradi, Niger 18 Millet: Nominal wholesale prices in Kano, Dawanau, Nigeria 25 2 15 1 5 NGN/1 kg 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 3 Millet: Nominal retail prices in Ouagadougou, Sankaryare, Burkina Faso 35 Millet: Nominal retail prices in N'Djamena, Chad 25 3 2 15 1 XAF/kg 25 2 15 1 5 5 25 Millet: Nominal retail prices in Segou, Segou centre, Mali 3 Millet: Nominal retail prices in Kaolak, Senegal 2 25 15 1 5 2 15 1 5 Famine Early Warning Systems Network 6