Public Soybean Breeding Research in a Private Variety World Brian Diers Randy Nelson Ram Singh Stella Kantartzi t
Outline Why public soybean breeding programs are needed. Variety release and breeding research at tsiu. Variety releases and breeding research at IU. Wide hybridization results.
Public Soybean Breeding What is the role of public soybean breeders in the 21 st century? Most soybean acres are planted with cultivars developed in the private sector. Private sector has a large research enterprise in soybean biotechnology.
Role of Public Breeders Role of public breeders. Public and private breeders and USB met during June of 2008 to discuss the role of public breeders. There was good consensus for what the future priorities should be for public programs.
Role of Public Breeders Educate future plant breeders and agricultural professionals. Severe shortage of plant breeders in the US. Release varieties for niche markets including nongmo markets. RR1 a niche market? Develop germplasm with an emphasis on using new diversity (genes) from the soybean germplasm collection. Interact with other disciplines to improve our understanding of economic traits.
Development of High Yielding non- GM Soybean Varieties at SIU Stella Kantartzi 1. Release a new variety LS03-4294 with SDS, SCN, and frog eye leaf spot resistance. 2. Start intra-cultivar selection within the most high-yield, high-quality varieties with a package of resistance to major diseases (SDS, SCN, FLS etc.). Identifying high-yielding non-gm varieties Stage Lines Locations 1. PYI 494 Carbondale Valmeyer 2. IYT 142 7 environments Belleville Carmi 3. AYT 110 Sandoval Harrisburg Ullin
Development of SDS Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU Phenotype, evaluate RIL (F 5:8 ) populations derived from crosses of SIU lines Spencer and select the most promising lines for yield potential, quality (protein and oil content) and resistance to SDS Phenotype, evaluate and genotype advanced inbred lines for SDS resistance and other agronomic important t characters Confirm the presence of known QTLs linked to SDS resistance genes and locate new ones with genome-wide molecular genotyping
Development of Frog Eye Leaf Spot Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU LS01-1987 x LN97-15076 (F 3 ) LS04-27138 x LN97-15076 (F 3 ) 24 advanced d breeding lines (AYT 2008: 47.3-68.0 bushels/acre) that have screened for FLS resistance will be : Selected for their crop yield potential (yield per plant, stability of performance and adaptability) and Phenotyped and genotyped for releasing the best ones as new varieties after further yield testing
Development and Identification of Lines Resistant t to Charcoal Rot at SIU New crosses between resistant and susceptible lines to Macrophomina phaseolina : DT97-4290 x LS03-4294 DT97-4290 x LS06-3968 DT97-4290 x LG04-6000 DT97-4290 x LS03-4294 have been made - Seed was sent to Puerto Rico for the development of F 2 populations - Early generation selection will start in summer of 2010
Screening for Virus Resistance and Development of BPMV Resistant Soybean Varieties at SIU Viruses are emerging as a major problem in soybean, especially those that are seed-borne. Advanced selections are being screened for viruses that cause significant losses and are seed-borne (Bean pod mottle, Soybean mosaic, Alfalfa mosaic, Tobacco streak etc). Bean pod mottle resistant Glycine tomentella accessions are used to identify the resistance gene and make crosses with SIU soybean accessions to incorporate resistance to the virus.
UI Variety Releases Released 5 varieties in 2009. All SCN resistant, 2 soybean aphid resistant, 4 nongmo and 1 Roundup Ready. Released 5 varieties in 2010. All SCN resistant, 3 soybean aphid resistant, 3 nongmo and 2 Roundup Ready. Lines are being released for branding Lines are being released for branding by commercial companies.
UI Variety Releases Maturity group II lines. RR1, SCN resistant, and aphid resistant with Rag1. Yield Maturity Lodging Entry Bu/A Rank date score AG2403 44.5 16 9-26 1.3 AG2002 52.5 12 0 1.2 AG2607 55.6 5 2 1.4 LD06-30504Ra 54.0 7 3 1.3 LD06-30505Ra 58.3 1 5 16 1.6
Aphid Resistance Ratings Entry Aphid score Dwight 3.2 Ina 3.6 Loda 3.3 Williams 82 3.4 LD05-16657 1.5 LD06-16721 13 1.3 LD06-30504Ra 1.4 LD06-30505Ra 1.3 LSD(0.05) 05) 0.58 Rating were done on a 1-4 scale with 1 = few solitary aphids present, 2 = several transient aphids present, 3 = dense colonies, and 4 = dense colonies accompanied by plant damage.
SCN and SDS Ratings IL SCN screening SIU SDS HG G0 HG 2.5.7 Havana a a Entry FI rating FI rating DX AG2403 81 NR 77 NR 35 AG2002 6 HR 81 NR 17 AG2607 23 R 73 NR 26 NEX2905A0R 81 NR 75 NR 9 LD06-30504Ra 3 HR 53 LR 3 LD06-30505Ra 2 HR 63 NR 2
UI Variety Releases Maturity group III line. Conventional, SCN resistant. t Regional Results Region Region Yield Maturity Lodging Height Protein Oil COMPANY NAME* bu/a Date in @13% @13% DAIRYLAND DSR-3590* 62.4 9/29 2.2 39 35.4 18.1 UofI LD04-13265 66.5 10/1 20 2.0 33 34.6 18.9 FS HISOY HS 34C90 68.9 9/29 1.9 34 34.3 19.3 FS HISOY HS 38C60 64.3 10/7 2.6 40 36.3 17.9 HORIZON H 331 N 58.3 9/30 2.1 38 34.3 19.4 PIONEER 93M14* 63.5 9/26 2.4 35 35.5 18.7 PIONEER 93M52* 64.0 9/29 2.7 38 35.5 18.8 PIONEER 93M62* 66.3 10/1 2.5 35 35.3 19.5 PUBLIC WILLIAMS 82* 47.4 10/7 3.0 40 35.8 18.5 STINE 3300-2* 65.3 9/27 2.3 35 34.0 19.5 STINE 3308-2* 64.9 10/5 27 2.7 39 36.1 18.11 AVERAGE 63.3 10/1 2.3 36 35.1 18.6 L.S.D. 25% LEVEL 2.3 0.2 1 0.46 0.20
Sources of SCN Resistance for Maturity Group II to IV Varieties PI 88788 94% PI 88788 + Peking Peking PI 437654 Peking + PI 437654 These data are from the 2008 extension publication Soybean varieties with These data are from the 2008 extension publication Soybean varieties with soybean cyst nematode resistance by Marion Shier, Crop Systems Unit Educator, Livingston County Extension Unit.
Overuse of PI 88788 Resistance SCN isolates have adapted to PI 88788 SCN resistance. 70% of the SCN positive soil samples from Illinois could overcome PI 88788 resistance. PI 88788 overuse is a result of its success. SCN resistance and high yield combined with this source.
SCN Resistance from G. soja SCN resistance was identified from wild soybean (G. soja) ) PI 468916. Two resistance genes were mapping from wild soybean.
Resistance of Lines in a BC4 Population Segregating for G. soja QTL (HG Type 0) Index100 Female e 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Res E, Res G Res E, Sus G Sus E, Res G Sus E, Sus G Resistant t classifications
New SCN Gene Combinations Can broad-based SCN resistance be developed by combining genes from different resistance sources? Combine genes from G. soja with those from PI 88788 or PI 437654.
Effects of rhg1 from PI 88788 and Two G. soja Genes Resistance Gene SCN Isolate rhg1 G. G. Type 0 Type 5.7 Type soja soja (PA3) (PA1) 2.5.7 LG G LG E (PA5) -----Female Index----- S S S 97 83 81 R S S 21 65 85 R R R 20 28 16
Effects of rhg1 from PI 437654 and Two G. soja Genes Resistance Gene SCN Isolate rhg1 G. G. Type Type Type soja soja 2.5.7 2.5.7 2.5.7 LG G LG E (PA3) (PA1) (PA5) -----Female Index----- S S S 60 107 104 R S S 43 31 44 R R R 19 12 14
Utilization of Wild Perennial Glycine Species Ram Singh and Randy Nelson Wild perennial species likely have unique genes for resistance to pests and pathogens and tolerance to abiotic stresses not available in soybean. Only a limited number of perennial species have been screened for these traits. Genetics of abiotic and biotic stresses needs to be studied. This is long term research that is not being conducted by private industry.
Traits of Economic Importance in Wild Perennial Species Resistant to pests: Soybean cyst nematode Soybean aphid Resistant to pathogens: Soybean rust Sudden death syndrome Phytophthora root rot Soybean brown spot Bean pod mottle virus White mold Tolerance to abiotic stress: Drought Problem soils (salt)
Glycine tomentella; ; PI 441001 (2n=78) Australia Dwight Soybean PI rust 441001 Dwight Soyb bean aph hid PI 441001
X 04H1-2 Sterile Soybean 2n=40 Glycine tomentella 2n=78 F 1; 2n=59
X Amphidiploid; 2n=118 Soybean 2n=40 Multiple l shoots in culture
2n=79; 40 Dwight + 39 PI441001 BC 2 seed X Soybean 2n=40
Soybean rust susceptible Soybean rust resistant BC 3 seed BC 3 seeds 06H1-3 (BC 2 ;) 06H1-3 (BC 2 ; 2n=56) 06H1-1 (BC 1 (BC 2 ; 2 ; 2n=58) 07H1-2 26 (BC 2 ) 2n=56
09H70-12 (2n=41) 08H15-29 (2n=42) 09H70-2 (2n=40) 09H70-4 (2n=41)
07H5-8 (2n=41) 2n=42 07H6-3 (2n=41)
Derived lines from soybean x Glycine tomentella (PI 441001) growing in field; August 2009
Conclusions Perennial Germplasm Research Backcross lines with G. tomentellat background carrying resistance to phytophthora, SDS and soybean rust were identified. Backcross lines with increased or decreased protein and oil content t were e identified. ed Will continue testing backcross lines for resistance to pests, seed quality and abiotic stresses (drought and salt).
Acknowledgements Research was supported by: Illinois Soybean Checkoff Board. United Soybean Board. North Central Soybean Research Program USDA-NRI competitive grant program.
Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 and Beyond Soybean breeders have available the soybean sequence and other genomics resources. Entire soybean germplasm collection (19,000 accessions) will be genotyped with 50,000000 SNP markers.
Public Soybean Breeding in 2010 and Beyond Breeder-genomicistmolecular biologists collaborations can be productive. The identification of the effects of genes require phenotyping and breeders are ideally suited for high throughput phenomics (especially for traits of economic importance).
Variety Releases A major focus of the UI and SIU soybean breeding programs is the development of conventional (nongmo) varieties with disease and pest resistance.