STRAWBERRY AND RASPBERRY PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH IN POLAND Edward ŻURAWICZ SUSTAINABLE FRUIT GROWING: FROM PLANT TO PRODUCT Riga-Dobele, August 22-24, 2012
SMALL FRUIT PRODUCTION IN POLAND (2011 500. 000 MT) 16 10 45 48 159 115 105
PRODUCTION OF STRAWBERRIES IN POLAND
MAIN STRAWBERRY GROWING AREA
STRAWBERRY PRODUCTION IN POLAND Thousand tonnes
ACREAGE OF STRAWBERRY PLANTATIONS IN POLAND Growing area: about 35 000 ha (Decreased after last winter) Plantation area: 1.0 2.0 ha (largest plantation over 300 ha, also decreased after last winter)
STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS GROWN IN POLAND
STRAWBERRY VARIETIES GROWN IN POLAND S. SENGANA HONEOYE
STRAWBERRY VARIETIES GROWN IN POLAND ELSANTA MARMOLADA
STRAWBERRY VARIETIES GROWN IN POLAND KENT ELKAT
GROWING STRAWBERRIES IN POLAND
TRADITONAL OPEN FIELD CULTIVATION SENGA SENGANA FOR PROCESSING
TRADITONAL OPEN FIELD CULTIVATION CULTIVARS FOR FRESH MARKET
OUT OFF SEASON PRODUCTION EARLY CROP FIELD AND HIGH TUNNELS Perforated plastic film or fiber cover
OUT OFF SEASON PRODUCTION LATE CROP OPEN FIELD
CULTIVATION OF EVERBEARING CULTIVARS Selva 15.08.2007
CULTIVATION OF DAY-NEUTRAL CULTIVARS SAN ANDREAS 22.09.2009
DESTINATION OF STRAWBERRIES (STRAWBERRY MARKET IN POLAND)
MAIN PROBLEMS IN STRAWBERRY CULTIVATION Winter injuries Verticillium dahliae
WINTER INJURY SYMPTOMS S. SENGANA ELSANTA
PRODUCTION OF RASPBERRIES IN POLAND
thousand MT RASPBERRY PRODUCTION IN POLAND (1990-2011) years
Average prices of raspberries for processing in Poland (1995-2011)
RASPBERRY PRODUCTION IN POLAND Growing area: about 20 000 ha Stabile during last 4 years Plantation area: 1,0 ha or less 90 % the largest plantation over 300 ha
MAIN RASPBERRY GROWING AREA
RASPBERRY CULTIVARS GROWN (recently planted in Poland)
EXTENDED HARVESTING TIME IN OPEN FIELD IS POSSIBLE 22 nd SEPTEMBER, 2009
CULTIVATION METHODS Open field (more than 95 %, approx.) most of plantations are managed as free-standing (primocane) or in hedgerow system (floricane). Only some plantations are furnish with irrigation or fertigation system. Under cover (less than 5 %, approx.) plastic tunnels or roof type cover. The plants are grown mostly in the ground, bud in some cases in the pots
FRUIT HARVESTING Hand picking about 95 % Machine harvesting about 5 % Natalia harvester for primocane cultivars Selection No 95152
RASPBERRY MARKET PROCESSING and FREEZING FRESH MARKET
MAIN PROBLEMS IN RASPBERRY GROWING RBDV Crumbly fruit Resistant cultivars: Willamete, Heritage, Polana
MAIN PROBLEMS IN RASPBERRY CULTIVATION
STRAWBERRY AND RASPBERRY RESEARCH IN POLAND
Baltic Sea FRUIT RESEARCH IN POLAND AGRICULTURAL COLLAGES O Gdańsk O Szczecin o Olsztyn O Bydgoszcz O Siedlce O Skierniewice
FRUIT RESEARCH Baltic IN Sea POLAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES O Gdańsk O Lublin
Testing of productive value of new Polish and foreign cultivars MAIN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES WITH STRAWBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES Extending the harvesting time by using different cultivars and cultural practices Evaluation of cold hardiness in artificial conditions Developement of new methods for testing plant s susceptibility to verticillium wilt Use of micropropagation and embryo rescue techniques Breeding new cultivars (breeding research and developing new cultivars) EUBerry Project
NEW SYSTEMS OF GROWING STRAWBERRIES FOR LATE HARVEST ELSANTA GRANDAROSA and PINK ROSA
MAIN BREEDING DIRECTIONS Breeding for resistance to pests and diseases, Breeding for high fruit quality, Breeding for good adaptation to local weather and soil conditions.
PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY OF NEW CULTIVARS BRED AT IO Clone / cultivar Parentage Marketable yield [g/plot] Weight of 100 fruits [g] Firmness [N] Soluble solids [Brix] Vit. C content [mg/100 ml] 1. Honeoye Standard 5628 720 1,35 7,62 44,5 3. Elsanta Standard 3188 837 1,47 8,40 62,0 9. T-03021-12 Granda x Camarosa 7509 1323 2,22 8,50 63,3 21. T-03066-01 Vikat x Nadina 8611 1068 1,81 8,50 72,8 28. T-04046-01 Camino Real x Filon 5687 1090 1,78 6,11 54,0 30. T-04048-01 Panon x Vikat 3134 809 3,24 8,34 62,3 33. T-04052-06 Granda x Sophie 5958 872 2,25 7,56 52,0 40. T-04083-05 Filon x Earlibrite 3825 1034 1,52 8,01 73,3 9 21 28 30 40
New raspberry cultivars Polesie primocane, early, for processing Polka primocane, early, high fruit quality,for fresh and processing Benefis floricane, mead season, for fresh and processing Laszka floricane, early, large fruit, for fresh
EUBerry
Project acronym: EUBerry Project full title: The sustainable improvement of European berry production, quality and nutritional value in a changing environment: Strawberries, Currants, Blackberries, Blueberries and Raspberries COORDINATOR Prof. Dr. Bruno MEZZETTI from Italy Beginning: 1 May 2011, end: 30 October 2014
WP 2. Improved cultivation techniques Task 2.1 Cultivation techniques for season extension Subtask 2.1.1. Controlling plant development for season extension (v) different plant types including fresh and cold-stored plants (vii) different light conditions utilizing light-emitting diode (LED) technology (viii) novel soilless plant propagation method in greenhouse to produce plants for cold-storing
PRIMOCANE FRUITING RASPBERRIES TESTED (for extended harvest) Polana Polesie Polka
MATERIALS AND METHODS TYPES OF PLANTS: 1. root cuttings TYPES OF TREATMENTS 1. fiber cover (17 g/m 2 ) 2. perforated plastic cover (700 holes per 1 m 2 ) 3. mowing of emerging young shoots 4. control
MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was established in the autumn 2010. Rondom block design, 4 replications with 5 plants per rep. (20 plants for each treatment), spacing of 0.5 m x 3.75 m. In the middle of March 2011 the plants were covered with perforated plastic cover and fiber cover, the covers were removed one month later. In the treatment with mowing of emerging young shoots, mowing was done in the middle of May. The control plants were neither covered nor moved. The total number of plants in the experiment: 3 genotypes x 4 treatments x 4 reps x 5 plants = 240 plants.
MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS ripening time yield (kg) average fruit weight (g) soluble solid content (TSS) (using a refractometer Rudolph J-157) (BRIX) ascorbic acid content (using a reflectometer RQ-Easy and Merck test strips) (mg/100 ml)
Old canes are removed control mowing of emerging young shoots perforated plastic cover fiber cover
control mowing of emerging young shoots perforated plastic cover fiber cover
SEASON EXTENSION OF PRIMOCANE FRUITING RASPBERRIES (DIFFERENT TYPE OF PLANTATION MANAGEMENT)
PRIMOCANE FRUITING RASPBERRIES
DYNAMICS OF YIELDING OF RASPBERRY POLESIE IN 2011 (Pomological Orchard, Skierniewice, first year of harvest)
DYNAMICS OF YIELDING OF RASPBERRY POLKA IN 2011 (Pomological Orchard, Skierniewice, first year of harvest)
DYNAMICS OF YIELDING OF RASPBERRY POLANA IN 2011 (Pomological Orchard, Skierniewice, first year of harvest)
Subtask 2.1.1. Controlling plant development for season extension (v) different plant types including fresh and coldstored plants of strawberries Main objective is to extend the harvesting season of Junebearing strawberries in Poland in the open field conditions through differentiated planting time and enhancing the yielding potential of plants using different type of plant material.
Elsanta Grandarosa Pink Rosa
WP 2 Task 2.2 Ensuring profitable berry production in changing climate Sub-task 2.2.1 Developing technology to control temperature stress in berry plants Susceptibility to late spring frost of strawberry and blackcurrant genotypes selected in T1.1 and effectiveness of the mist maker (developed by Finish SME) in reducing frost damages will be evaluated in these experiments.
Sub-task 2.1.1. Controlling plant development for season extension vii) different light conditions utilizing lightemitting diode (LED) technology Application of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source in strawberry production system (under greenhouse conditions) for an evaluation of plant physiology, growth and productivity in response to LED lighting.
LED lighting HPS lighting
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Examples of epression profiles for some candidate genes involved in plant defense reaction to Verticillium dahliae AY607724 S CHS -S ANR -S 3.4 2.48 0.7 0.71 0.05 0.22
Subtask 2.1.1. Controlling plant development for season extension Raspberry Subcontactor Serbia Description of the work 2010 The field experiment was established on June 1 st, 2010, using plants of raspberry cultivar Meeker and blackberry cultivar Čačanska Bestrna produced in vitro and propagated by the standard method. The total number of plants in the experiment: 30 blackberry plants from in vitro + 30 blackberry plants from standard production + 12 raspberry plants from in vitro + 15 raspberry plants from standard production = 87 plants. 2011 Trait assessment: physiological properties (leafing onset, flower-cluster development, flowering onset, full blooming, end of flowering, ripening onset, full ripening, end of ripening, period of fruit ripening, duration of growing period), vegetative potential and yield parameters (total number of canes, cane number per row meter, yield per cane, yield per row meter, and the total yield), organoleptic quality (fruit weight, height, width and thickness of fruits, drupelets properties number within a fruit, heigh, diameter, shape factor and weight of drupelets, fruit colour and chemical parameters of fresh fruit quality total dry matter, soluble solids, total sugars, inverted sugars, sucrose, total acids, ph value, sugar/acid ratio and total content of pectins and the sensory analysis of fresh fruits appearance, taste, aroma and consistency of fruits), as well as disease resistance to Didymella applanata, Leptosphaeria rubi, Botrytis cinerea and Resseliella theobaldi and winter hardiness, assessment of plant genetic stability (determination of chromosome number, PAGE of isoperoxidases and flow citometry analysis). 2012 Trait assessment for the traits mentioned above. Additionally aromatic compounds of the fruits of raspberry cultivar Meeker and blackberry cultivar Čačanska Bestrna will be assessed.