Vol 4 Issue 2 March 2014 ISSN No : 2230-7850 ORIGINAL ARTICLE International Multidisciplinary Research Journal Indian Streams Research Journal Executive Editor Ashok Yakkaldevi Editor-in-Chief H.N.Jagtap
Welcome to ISRJ RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2230-7850 Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. International Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Kamani Perera Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka Janaki Sinnasamy Librarian, University of Malaya Romona Mihaila Spiru Haret University, Romania Delia Serbescu Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania Anurag Misra DBS College, Kanpur Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian University, Oradea,Romania Mohammad Hailat Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Carolina Aiken Abdullah Sabbagh Engineering Studies, Sydney Catalina Neculai University of Coventry, UK Ecaterina Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil George - Calin SERITAN Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Editorial Board Hasan Baktir English Language and Literature Department, Kayseri Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Horia Patrascu Spiru Haret University, Bucharest,Romania Ilie Pintea, Spiru Haret University, Romania Xiaohua Yang PhD, USA...More Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Patil Head Geology Department Solapur University,Solapur Rama Bhosale Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Panvel Salve R. N. Department of Sociology, Shivaji University,Kolhapur N.S. Dhaygude Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur Narendra Kadu Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune K. M. Bhandarkar Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Sonal Singh Vikram University, Ujjain Rajendra Shendge Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur R. R. Yalikar Director Managment Institute, Solapur Umesh Rajderkar Head Humanities & Social Science YCMOU,Nashik S. R. Pandya Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, Mumbai Govind P. Shinde Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance Education Center, Navi Mumbai Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.) G. P. Patankar Alka Darshan Shrivastava S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary Director,Hyderabad AP India. S.Parvathi Devi Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Sonal Singh, Vikram University, Ujjain Rahul Shriram Sudke Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore S.KANNAN Annamalai University,TN Satish Kumar Kalhotra Maulana Azad National Urdu University Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: ayisrj@yahoo.in Website: www.isrj.net
Indian Streams Research Journal ISSN 2230-7850 Volume-4 Issue-2 March-2014 Available online at www.isrj.net TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS OF GRAPES IN INDIA Abstract:-Grape is the most important fruit of India and scientifically is called Vitis vinifera L. and is also known as 'queen of fruits'. The country has the distinction of achieving the highest productivity of grape among the 90 grape growing countries in the world, with an average yield of 30 t/ha. The grape is cultivated in the largest area i.e. 250 thousand ha and the production is around 2689 thousand tons in 2012-2013. Major grape-growing states in India are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. In India mainly Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu jointly contribute to more than 90 % of the total area and production of grapes. Total export of grapes from India is 172.6 thousand MT, valuing Rs. 1258.64 crores during 2012-13. The grape export from India was started in the year 1991 after economic liberalization. There is a phenomenal rise in export of grapes from India, as only 14,606 tons were exported during 2001-2002 which has increased to 1725999 tons in 2012-2013. The major importing countries of India's grapes were Bangladesh,Netherland,UAE,UK, Rassia, Saudi Arabia,Thailand,Sweeden,New Zealand,Malaysia,Australia, Shrilanka and Nepal respectively; these countries alone comprises of around 87% of India's total export of grape. The present paper is an aims to analysis the India's performance in production, productivity and export of grapes with different dynamics, growth rates in relation to area, production, yield and export of grapes. The related data have been collected from secondary sources like published reports and internet. The appropriate statistical and cartographic techniques have been adopted for preparation of map and diagrams. Grape growers faced the problems of production, direction of export, export competition and marketing. Keywords: Production, productivity and Export. I. INTRODUCTION Gade A. D., Gaikwad S. B. and Gaikwad N. S. Asst. Prof. & UGC Teacher fellow in Geography, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Karad, Dist:Satara (M.S.) Asso. Prof., HOD & Research Guide in Geography, Miraj Mahavidyalaya, Miraj, Dist-Sangli, (M.S.) Asst. Prof. & HOD of Economics, Babasaheb Chitale Mahavidyalaya, Bhilwadi, Dist-Sangli. Grape is the most important fruit of India and scientifically is called Vitis vinifera L. and is also known as 'queen of fruits' (Varmudy,2011 ).The country has the distinction of achieving the highest productivity of grape among the 91 grape growing countries in the world, with an average yield of 30 t/ha( Shikamany, 2001,& Ramanan 2012). The grape is cultivated in the largest area i.e. 250 thousand ha and the production is around 2629.91 thousand tons in 2012-2013. Major grape-growing states in India are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. In India mainly Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu jointly contribute to more than 90 % of the total area and production of grapes. (Shanmugavelu, 2008) Total export of grape from India is 172.6 thousand MT, valuing Rs. 1258.64 chores during 2012-13. The grape export from India was started in the year 1991 after economic liberalization. (Thorat, 2012) There is a phenomenal rise in export of grapes from India, as only 14,606 tons were exported during 2001-2002 which has increased to 1725999 tons in 2012-2013.(APEDA database). The major importing countries of India's grapes were Bangladesh,Netherland,UAE,UK, Russia, Saudi Arabia,Thailand,Sweden,New Zealand,Malaysia,Australia, Shrilanka and Nepal respectively; these countries alone comprises of around 87% of India's total export of grape. The present paper aims to analysis of India's performance in production, productivity and export of grapes with different dynamics, growth rates in relation to area, production, yield and export of grapes. The related data have been collected from secondary sources like published reports of various related agencies and internet. The appropriate statistical and cartographic technique have adopted for preparation of map and diagrams. Grape growers faced the problems of production, direction of export, export competition and marketing. Gade A. D., Gaikwad S. B. and Gaikwad N. S., TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND EXPORTS OF GRAPES IN INDIA, Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 4 Issue 2 March 2014 Online & Print 1
. Trends In Production And Exports Of Grapes In India OBJECTIVES Following are the main objectives of the present research paper. 1. To study the production of Grapes in India. 2. To study the trend in productivity of Grapes in various states in India. 3.To analyse the trend in export of Grapes in India. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATABASE The present research work is based on secondary data, which is collected through published books, journals, reports and websites. The collected data is processed with the help of computer by using quantitative techniques such as growth rate, percentage changes over the periods etc. Indian Scenario of Area, Production and Productivity in Grape Grape is produced in over 91countries worldwide (APEDA). Grape covers an area of 7.5 million ha with a production of 69 million tons in the world during the year of 2011-12. India occupies 9th position among grapes growing countries of the world. China and Italy stood at First and second position among grape producing countries in the world with 8621 and 7187 thousand tons respectively. The other major grape producing countries in the world during 2013 were United states (6220 thousand tons), Spain (6107 thousand tones), France (5848 thousand tones) and Turkey (4255 thousand tones) respectively. Grape is grown almost in all the states of India. Maharashtra tops the list of grape producing states. Other major producing states are Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Mizoram, Panjab, Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh etc. Rest of the states has quite less production. The table 1 shows the area production and productivity of grapes since 2001-02, the area under grape is increased from 47.50 thousand hector to 250 thousand hector during 2001-02 to 2012-13. Its growth rate was 46.60 % in 2001-02 and it decreased -1.51 % in 2006-07 but it was 114 in 2012-13, which is highest in the study period. The highest area under Grapes was observed in 2012-13. The production of grapes was 1184.20 thousand tons in 2001-02 and it increase 2220 thousand tons in 2012-13. The growth rate in production of grapes was increased 77.22% in 2001-02 and it was 21.16% in 2012-13. The highest growth rate (79.75%) was observed in the year 2011-12. The productivity of grapes is crucial for earning higher income from agriculture. The per hector productivity of grapes was observed 24 tons in 2001-02, it increased 25.90 tons in 2004-05 and 2006-07, latter on it reduced at 8.3 t/he during 2009-2010 and 10.75 tons in 2012-13, it showing decreasing trend in productivity of grapes due to unseasonal rains in study region. Source: National Horticulture Board, Government of India Major Grapes producing states in India Table-1 Area, production, and productivity of grapes in India Year Area(000 ha) Growth rate (%) Production ( 000 tons) Growth rate (%) Productivity ( tons/ha) Growth rate (%) 1991-92 32.4 00.00 668.2 00.00 20.6 00.00 2001-02 47.50 46.60 1184.20 77.22 24.90 20.87 2002-03 52.10 09.68 1247.80 05.37 24.00-3.61` 2003-04 57.80 10.94 1474.80 18.91 25.50 6.25 2004-05 60.50 04.67 1564.70 06.09 25.90 1.56 2005-06 66.00 09.09 1649.60 05.42 25.00-3.40 2006-07 65.00-1.51 1685.00 02.14 25.90 3.60 2007-08 68.00 04.61 1735.00 02.97 25.50-1.54 2008-09 80.00 17.64 1878.00 08.24 23.50-7.84 2009-10 106.40 33.00 880.70-53.10 8.30-64.68 2010-11 111.00 04.32 1235.00 40.22 11.10 33.34 2011-12 116.4 04.86 2220.00 79.75 19.13 72.34 2012-13 250 114.00 2689.91 21.16 10.75-43.80 Maharashtra is the leading grapes producing state with production of 1810 thousand tons in the year 2011-12 followed by Karnataka state which has produced of 288.10 thousand tons. The grape production of Tamilnadu is 55.1 thousand tons, Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 4 Issue 2 March 2014 2
. Trends In Production And Exports Of Grapes In India followed by Andhra Pradesh and Mizoram i.e. 28.9 and 24.3 thousand tons respectively. Area, production and productivity of grape in different states are given in table 2. Table 2 Area, Production and Productivity of leading grape growing states in India Area(000 ha) Production(000 t) Productivity S tate 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Maharashtra 82.0 86.0 92.0 440.0 774.0 1810.0 5.36 9.00 19.67 Karnataka 17.4 18.1 16.80 317.6 330.3 288.10 18.25 18.24 17.14 Tamil Nadu 2.6 2.7 2.9 44.1 53.0 55.1 16.53 19.62 19 A.P. 1.4 1.3 1.4 29.8 27.6 28.9 21.28 21.23 20.64 Mizoram NA 1.6 1.9 18.40 20.4 24.3 NA 12.75 12.78 Others 2.9 1.7 1.00 49.2 29.5 14.5 16.95 17.35 14.5 Total 106.4 111.4 116.0 880.7 1234.9 2220.9 8.27 11.08 19.14 Source: National Horticulture Board, Government of India The table 2 reveals that the area, production and productivity of grapes from 2009-10 to 2011-12. The area under grape is increased from 106.4 thousand hector to 116 thousand hector during 2009-10 to 2011-12. The production of grape was 880.9 thousand tons in 2009-10. It increased 2220.9 thousand tons in 2011-12. The productivity of grape was increased 8.27 tons to during 2009-10 to 19.14 tons in 2011-12. It is observed that Maharashtra is the highest grape cultivated state in India. Karnataka stood at second position among grape producing states in the India. These two states are produced major share of national production of grapes. Source: National Horticulture Board, Government of India Table 3 Export of Grapes from India Year Quantity(Tones) GrowthRate(%) Value(Rs.lakh) GrowthRate(%) 2000-01 20,647.00.00 8,297 -- 2001-02 14,606-29.25 6,021-2.74 2002-03 25,681 75.82 11,015 82.94 2004-05 35,525 38.33 10,884-1.18 2005-06 54049 52.14 21460 9.71 2006-07 85897 58.92 30192 40.68 2007-08 96963 12.88 31782 5.26 2008-09 124627 28.53 40861 28.56 2009-10 131153 5.23 54533 33.45 2010-11 99311-2.42 41206-24.43 2011-12 108584 9.33 60288 45.30 2012-13 172599. 58.95 125864 108.77 Table 3 shows the export quantity and export value of grapes since 2000-01 to 2012-13. The India is exporting grape to the different countries. The highest export of grapes is observed 172599 tons in 2012-13. There is a phenomenal rise in export of grapes from India, as only 20647tons were exported during 2000-2001which has increased to 172599 tons with a value of Rs. 1258.64 corers and accounted for 7.35% of India's total grape production in 2012-2013. Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 4 Issue 2 March 2014 3
. Trends In Production And Exports Of Grapes In India Source DGCIS Table 4 Major Importing countries of India's Grapes Qty in MT, Value in Lacks Rs Co untry 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Growth Share Qty Valu e Qty Valu e Qty Value Rate IN % Netherland 29074.40 16883.63 17700.20 11809.86 18511.46 14296.52 21.06 23.71 Bangladesh 45656.02 6275.73 38562.78 5495.93 39646.54 12440.29 126.35 20.63 UA E 13205.45 7285.65 10384.29 5331.84 10359.26 6448.44 20.94 10.70 United 14359.53 8210.77 7749.39 4847.62 6841.01 5490.48 13.26 9.11 Kingdom Russia 745.81 598.24 2548.46 1934.86 4936.60 4092.24 111.50 6.79 Saudi Arabia 5098.85 2725.91 4058.26 1768.87 5735.26 3531.10 99.62 5.86 Thailand 875.64 741.16 1451.52 1335.54 1807.15 1850.94 38.59 3.07 Sweden 276.68 145.16 932.27 620.87 2196.27 1604.20 158.38 2.66 Sri Lanka 1506.50 461.53 1472.85 469.73 2171.38 1584.16 237.25 2.63 Nepal 4499.04 506.42 4435.74 492.06 4712.94 846.45 72.02 1.40 Other 15855.72 10699.66 10016.08 7099.15 11666.71 8103.35-852.67 13.44 countries Total 131153.64 54533.86 99311.84 41206.33 108584.58 60288.17 46.31 100.00 Table 3 shows the export of quantity and export value of grapes since 2009-10 to 2011-12.The India is exporting grape to the different countries. India is the major exporter of Grapes in the world; the country has exported 172599 MT of Fresh Grapes worth Rs. 125864 Lacks during the year 2012-13. Bangladesh and Netherlands stood at First and second position among grape importer countries of India with 39646.54 tons (Rs 12440.29 Lacks) and 18,511 tons (Rs14296.52 Lacks) respectively. The other major grape importer countries in the world during 2013 were UA E 10359.26(Rs 6448.44 Lacks), United Kingdom 6841.01 (Rs 5490.48 Lacks), Russia 4936.60 (Rs 4092.24 Lacks) Saudi Arabia5735.26 (Rs 3531.10 Lacks), Thailand1807.15 (Rs 1850.94 Lacks), Sweeden2196.27 (1604.20 Lacks), Sri Lanka 2171.38(1584.16 Lacks) and Nepal 4712.94 (846.45 Lacks) tones respectively. PROBLEM IDENTIFIED: Based on study we found that some of the problem faced by Indian raisin industry. Lack of irrigation and power preventing Lack of seedless varieties with bold berries of good quality. Lack of cultural practices to increase the firmness of berries to withstand transport to long distant markets. Lack of varieties for good quality wine, juice and ready to serve beverages. Lack of agricultural practices for production of good quality grapes in the off-season especially during November and December in India. There are insufficient marketing mechanisms for Grape marketing. Exploitation of dealers and traders are major problem in India Currently there is a lack of sommelier schools, technical knowledge & favorable Government policy. Scarcity of water & unseasonal rains in grape producing region. There is a need to diversify the uses of grapes SUGGESTION: Based on study we found that some of the problem faced by Indian grape cultivation. There is a need for implementation of multidimensional and sustainable solutions for the development of grape industry of the country. Sound development of rural infrastructure facilities like, transportation, adequate water and Electricity. There is a need to diversify the uses of diversification uses of grape as wine raisin juice and export of table grapes can case the marketing problems Major issue with development of export and superstore sale of grapes is presence of chemical residues in grapes. Food safety standards and traceability norms should be promoted across the value chain. Development and diffusion of quality-enhancing measures as well as yield-increasing technologies. Post harvest losses should be minimized by enhancing value chain efficiencies and increasing cold storage facilities The fast growing wine sector has to be exploited. There is scope for expansion of area and production for domestic as well as export market. Export demand for raisins in the international market can be captured by India by improving the quality of produce. Exploring and increasing export of Indian table grapes to South and South East Asian countries and other non-traditional Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 4 Issue 2 March 2014 4
. Trends In Production And Exports Of Grapes In India export destination Co-ordinate with Research & Development Institutes to identify & develop appropriate root stock of wine and raisin verities of grapes suited for different the geo-climatic region of India.. To decrease inconvenience in marketing of grape, we can provided grape export facilities. Improvement in quality of the Indian grapes, taken preference to producing organic product. CONCLUSION: On the basis of study we can conclude that; There is a tremendous potential of export of grapes from India. Grape is cultivated over an area of 250 thousand hectares with an annual production of 2629 thousand tones. Although, the returns per unit area of land are very high with grape cultivation, the area under grapes are not expanding fast owing to the high initial cost of establishing the vineyards and high recurring cost of production. There is a phenomenal rise in export of grapes from India, as only 14,606 tons were exported during 2001-2002 which has increased to 1725999 tons in 2012-2013. Increase has been observed mainly in the last 12 years, because of the fact that India is meeting quality requirements including pesticide residues of all the importing countries in EU and supplying grapes at competitive prices. This is evidenced by decrease in productivity during the recent years from more than 25.9 t/ha to 8.3 t/ha during the year 2009 2010 and10.75 t/ha during 2012 2013 due to unseasonal rains which lead to serious downy mildew incidence. Changes in cropping season to adjust to changed climate will bring market competition-related issues particularly for Indian table grape industry in domestic as well as global markets. Currently more than 80 percent of the produce is used for table purposes. The major bulk of the produce is harvested in March- April, but as cold storage facilities are currently inadequate there are frequent market gluts. There is a need to diversify of uses as wine, raisin, juice and export of table grapes can ease the marketing problems. REFERENCE: 1.Ghosal Sutanuka (2013 )Bayer Crop Science leverages Food Chain Partnership with UNIVEG for better grape production, ET Burou,The economic times, 23 Aus 2013., 2.G.Ramanan(2012) Cost of production and capital productivity of Grape cultivation I Tamilnadu, India Indian stream Research journal Vol.2,Issue.I/Feb; 12pp.1-4. 3.Shanmugavelue KG (1989): Post harvest handling and marketing of grapes. VitiIndia,pp 390. 4.Shikamany SD (2001): Grape production in India. In: Papademetrion MK, Dent FJ 5.(eds) Grape production in the Asia pacific region. FAO RAP Publ: 2000/13, Bankok, 6.Thailand. A 7.Vishal Thorat, Trilok Singh,Bhogal Ghule (2012 ) Dynamics of Area, Production and Export of Grapes in India,A Performance Analysis, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ( 2012-08-22 ) ISBN-13:978-3-659-22344-0. 8.Vigneshwara Varmudy (2011) Facts for You, Market survey karnatka pp20-22. 9.Hand Book on Agriculture, ICAR. 10. Indian Horticulture Data Base 2011. 11.Horticulture Information Service, Monthly Bulletins, NHB 12. APEDA. Gade A. D. Asst. Prof. & UGC Teacher fellow in Geography, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Karad, Dist:Satara (M.S.) Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 4 Issue 2 March 2014 5
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