Fruit and berry breeding and breedingrelated research at SLU 2014-11-11 Hilde Nybom
Plant breeding: cultivar development Relevant breeding-related research
Fruit and berry breeding at Balsgård Apple (Malus domestica) 1940s to now: 14 cvs Black currants (Ribes nigrum) 1960s to now: 4 cvs Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) 1990s to now: 8 cvs Crops bred previously at Balsgård Pear (Pyrus communis), Plums and cherries (Prunus spp.), Currants and gooseberry (Ribes spp.), Blackberries and raspberries (Rubus spp.), Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa), Blueberries and lingonberries (Vaccinium spp.) Japanese quince (Chaenomeles spp.) (+ roses, clematis, rhubarb etc)
Plant breeding: crosses Suitable parents with complementary traits (adaptation, yield, resistance, quality, storability etc) Pollen is collected from one genotype and moved to the pistils of another genotype, high level of heterozygosity provides variability Seeds are collected and sown, seedlings evaluated and the best ones selected for vegetative propagation and further evaluations at Balsgård and elsewhere DNA markers for commercially important traits applied mainly to screen for suitable parents and candidate cultivars
We have great hopes for Frida, released in 2003, which is now being planted in commercial orchards
Agnes, Trulsa, Lovisa and Folke were registered in 2014 B:1377 Agnes, 2nd half of August B:1458 Trulsa, beginning of Sept. K:1160 Lovisa, 2nd half of Sept. K:1016 Folke, from mid-october
Compete with quality future Swedish apple production Partnerskap Alnarp and Wiklandska stiftelsen Starting in 2014, co-operation with Äppelriket Österlen 30 apple cultivars and Balsgård selections in observation trials, a master set at Balsgård (30 x 10 trees) and subsets in orchards of commercial growers 20 table apple cvs and 10 cider apple cvs Evaluation of yield, quality, resistance, storability
Selections of black currants for release BRi9508-3A PETTER BRi9508-3B BRi9504-2-227
BHi 10726 SOL BHi 32415 LOTTA BHi 727115 IDUN BHi 72588 FENJA BHi 727102 EIR BHi 72587 (no name yet) BHi 32415 male SVENNE
Prebreeding for future challenges in Nordic apples 2012 2014, 3 partners: SLU, Graminor (No) and MTT (Fi) Website: ppp-apples.nordgen.org WP 3: Phenotyping of apple canker susceptibility in apple cultivars (Larisa Gustavsson, Marjan Ghasemkhani) Also DNA marker-based diversity studies, detection of fungus with microscopy and qpcr, transcriptomics WP 4: Phenotyping of storage rot susceptibility in apple cultivars (Ibrahim Tahir, Masoud Ahmadi-Afzadi) Also quantification and identification of fungal infections, fruit ripening and biochemical analyses of fruit (preformed and induced compounds), transcriptomics
EU-funded Fruitbreedomics (SLU invited partner) Genetic analyses in apple (and peach) c. 180 Nordic/cold climate apple cvs in Balsgård genebank have been chosen for phenotyping and genotyping
Fruitbreedomics: Genotyping All sampled apple cultivars (in 6 gene banks) were checked in 2012 with SSR for inadvertent duplicates etc, and a minor set of cvs were sequenced A 450 K Affymetrix SNP chip has been designed, is now used for analysis of c. 1200 different apple cultivars Genome-wide association studies will be conducted on SNP markers and phenotype data GWA markers for major (qualitative) genes and QTLs Development of SNP-based tests for traits of interest: identification of superior crossing parents and marker-assisted selection of seedlings Balsgård phenotyping data from fruit flowering, ripening, fruit quality and susceptibility to blue mould will be used
Ongoing research in other crops Black currants Phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid (buds, leaves and fruits) - study on variation due to genotype, ontogenetic stage, harvest date and location Phenolic compounds and resistance against gall mites Sea buckthorn Molecular markers for male/female plants of sea buckthorn Genetic variation in susceptibility to fungal diseases and in chemical contents in berries and leaves Pears, plums and cherries DNA-based identification of germplasm, analyses of diversity Rose hips Chemical contents in fruits and their medicinal effects
Challenges Small and/or poorly organized grower associations Perennial crops with multiple quantitatively inherited traits Costly preservation of plant material needed Long-term and multi-user breeding/research required
Information Field and greenhouses Plant breeding Food processing hall Biochem laboratory Genebanks DNA laboratory Publications
Information Field and greenhouses Plant breeding Food processing hall Biochem laboratory Genebanks DNA laboratory Publications
Information Field and greenhouses Plant breeding Food processing hall Biochem laboratory Genebanks DNA laboratory Publications
Challenges Small and/or poorly organized grower associations Perennial crops with multiple quantitatively inherited traits Costly preservation of plant material needed Long-term and multi-user breeding/research required Opportunities Large interest in fruit and berries for health improvement Growing interest in local production and value-added products room for increasing domestic production Advancement in molecular and biochemical tools