Part 4: First contacts with Europeans in the 16 th century Content Video: European Explorations in the Americas in the 15 th and 16 th Century 1
Are both of these statements presenting the same idea? 2
VIDEO European explorations in America PAGE 42 End of 15 th century, European states start to explore new territories In 1492, Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean and found the Americas 3
European explorations in America PAGE 42 In 1524, King Francis I of France sent Giovanni da Verrazano on an expedition Verrazano reached the shore of eastern North America Objectives of the French expeditions Find a maritime route to Asia (for trade) Create a colonial empire to compete with European rivals Find precious metals (gold, etc.) to increase wealth Evangelize Native peoples PAGE 43 Colony: A territory dominated by a foreign state that exploits it. Evangelization: Teaching the gospel and Christian rites and values to non- Christians 4
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European fisherman and whalers Early 16 th century, European fisherman regularly visited eastern coast of North America Grand Banks of NFLD were rich in cod Whale hunting was also important Basque fisherman landed on the shores of NFLD to melt blubber of caught whales The melted blubber (oil) was sent back to Europe to make soap and paint PAGE 44 Fish preservation techniques 6
Early trade between Native peoples and Europeans PAGE 45 Native peoples came into contact with Europeans who landed on the coast to dry fish/extract oil from blubber These contacts became an opportunity to barter Barter: Trading goods or services for other goods and services. Money is not involved. TEAM EUROPE Glass beads Axes Knives Hammers Nails Clothing TEAM NATIVE PEOPLES Furs CONTENT VIDEO Some commonly traded items PAGE 45 7
Trade from the Native people s perspectives PAGE 46 Native peoples benefited from trade Some tools made their lives easier Trade changed the Native way of life The Mi kmaq stopped fishing to hunt furs for trade The Algonquin hunted more for furs and less for meat Both groups needed to supplement (add to) their food through trade Some nations benefited more from trade, causing alliances to fail and wars to be fought over access to the Europeans Trade also impacted the environment Fur-bearing animals, esp. the beaver, became hunted almost to extinction Worksheet Tool 2 Critical Analysis of Sources Work with a partner (up to a group of 3) your choice! Complete Worksheet Tool 2 using Document 56 on page 45 Be sure to refer to page 267 of your textbook for assistance This worksheet is due next class! THE TASK: How did European stereotypes of Indigenous peoples effect these first encounters with these peoples? Document 49 8
Jacques Cartier s voyages (1534-1542) Content Video: The Voyages of Jacques Cartier Jacques Cartier s voyages (1534-1542) Cartier made 4 voyages to North America Requested by King Francis I of France Cartier explored the St. Lawrence Valley and interacted with the Iroquoian people that lived there VIDEO PAGE 47 9
The first voyages (1534 and 1535-1536) First Voyage: 1534 Purpose Find resources and a route to Asia Landing Spot Gaspé Result Did not find any gold Some Iroquoians had information about a passage to Asia PAGE 47 10
The first voyages (1534 and 1535-1536) Second Voyage: 1535-1536 Purpose Further exploration of a possible route to Asia Landing Spot Hochelaga (Montreal) Winter in Stadacona (Quebec) Result 25 of 110 crew members died from scurvy Conflict between Iroquois and French PAGE 47 A settlement colony at Cap-Rouge Third Voyage: 1541 Purpose Evangelize Native peoples Est. colony in the St. Lawrence Valley Landing Spot Mouth of the Rivière du Cap Rouge (near Stadacona) Result Brought 400 colonists Cartier thought he discovered gold and diamonds (he was wrong) PAGE 48 Pyrite (fool s gold) and quartz 11
Failures Returning to France with the gold and diamonds Cartier met Jean-Francois de la Roque, Sieur de Roberval Roberval had been appointed by the king to be in charge of the future colony Roberval ordered Cartier to turn back, but Cartier snuck away In France, Cartier discovered that his precious metals were actually worthless Roberval s colony, now named France-Roy, failed after a winter Roberval and the remaining 200 colonists returned to France in failure PAGE 48 Other French colonization attempts in eastern North America The fur trade kept France interested in eastern North America PAGE 49 Two More Failures Fur Trade: The Sable Island transportation and trading of furs In 1598, King Henry IV sent 60 colonists* to Sable Island *Beggars and criminals In 1602, the colony did not receive its supplies In 1603, 11 survivors were brought back to France 12
Ile Sainte-Croix and the Fort of Port-Royal PAGE 49 In 1604, Pierre Du Gua de Monts founded a settlement on a small island named Sainte-Croix In 1605, the colonists moved to the mainland, to Port-Royal (modern day Nova Scotia) In 1607, Du Gua de Monts shut the colony down because of financial difficulty Closer relations between Native peoples and the French Trading post in Tadoussac In 1600, Pierre Chauvin, established the first trading post Offered a specific location Place to store furs Alliance of 1603 Between French and Native peoples Innu, Algonquin and Maliseet accepted alliance with French For Native peoples: Guaranteed supply of European goods For Europeans: Ensured fur supply PAGE 50 Trading post: An establishment where Native people and Europeans traded furs and European goods 13
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