hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg";gwfg k of]uzfnf

pq/bftfsf] ;+s]tf uf]ko cg";gwfgsf] nflu dfq hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg";gwfg k of]uzfnf lrtjg lrtjg pktosfsf] kfl/jf/ls cwoog 2059 *f^f OG^«Lsf] nflu

cgt/jftf{ ln+bfsf] ljj/)f ljj/)f klxnf] k^s bf]>f] k^s t]; f] k^s s}lkmot ldlt cgt/jftf{ lng]sf] gfd kl/)ffd* ;do csf]{ k^s hfg] ldlt * 1= cgt/jftf{ k"/f epsf] 2= pq/bftf #/ gepsf] 3= cgt/jftf{ lar}df /f]sg" k/]sf] 4= cgt/jftf{ lbg grfx]sf] 5= cgt/jftf{ cf+lzs k"/f epsf] 6= cgo ep v"nfpg]m=================

cgt/jftf{sf/sf] cg"ej

lrtjg pktosfsf] kfl/jfl/s cwoog s= #/w"/l ;DaGwL hfgsf/l ^f]nsf] gfd ^f]nsf] ;++ ]tf #/w"/l g+ v= pq/bftf ;DaGwL hfgsf/l pq/bftfsf] gfd pq/bftfsf] ; ]tf lné k"?if dlxnf u= cgt/jftf{ ;DaGwL hfgsf/l cgt/jftf{ gda/ cgt/jftf{ ldlt cgt/jftf{sf/sf] gfd ;+s]tf cgt/jftf{ z"? u/]sf] cgt epsf] hddf nfu]sf] ;do ;do ;do -ldg]^_ cl#sf] ;Dkfbg cjlw lng nfu]sf] cjlw kl%sf] ;Dkfbg cjlw k ZgfjnL hf r ug]{sf] gfdm 1= -;"kl/j]ifs_ 2= -sfof{no_

Info Card cgtjf{tf{ lng]sf] nflum tnsf] egfo{ clgjfo{?kn] ;a} pq/bftfn] k i^ a"e\mg] u/l k(]/ ;"gfpg"xf];\. gd:sf/, d]/f] gfd ======================================= xf]. d hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg";gwfg k of]uzfnfåf/f ;~rflnt lrtjg pktosfsf] kfl/jfl/s cwoogdf sfd ub{%". o; cwoogn] oxf sf afl;gbfx?sf] JolQmut hljg z}nl, kfl/jfl/s hljg tyf ;fdflhs ca:yfsf] af/]df s] s:tf wf/)ff %g\ / To;af^ pglx?sf] JolQmut Aoaxf/, kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs hljg z}nldf s] s:tf k efj k/]sf] % egg] ljifodf cwoog ug]{ p@]zo /fv]sf] %. tkfo{n] lbg" epsf] hfgsf/lsf] uf]klgotf gv"ng] u/l ;fd"lxs?kdf lazn]if)f ul/g]% / To;af^ cfpsf glthfx? SofDk;x?df k&g kf&g ug{, lasf; gllt tyf sfo{qmd th"{df ug{ tyf ;a{;fwf/)fsf] hfgsf/lsf] nflu pknaw u/fog]%. of] cgt/aftf{ k')f{tof :j}lr%s %, t/ klg o; cwoognfo{ ;kmn agfpg tkfo{sf] ;xof]u ctogt} dxtjk')f{ x"g%. olb tkfo{nfo{ s"g} k Zgsf] hafkm lbg dg nfu]g eg] dnfo{ egg"xf];, d tkfo{nfo{ csf]{ k Zg ;f]wg] %". ;xof]usf] nflu wgoafb! Page 1

Info Card olb tkfo{nfo{ o; cwoog jf o; cwoogdf tkfo{sf] ;xefultfsf] af/]df c? a(l hfgg dg nfu]df tnsf] &]ufgfdf o; cwoogsf k d"v cg";gwfgstf{ k f]km];/ cf/nof)* y f]g^g jf o'lge/l;^l ckm ldlrugsf] ;+:yfut d'nof g af]*{sf] sfof{nodf ;Dks{ ;Sg"x"g]%. ;Dks{ &]ufgfm Professor Arland Thronton Institute of Social Research The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Phone # 734-763-1500 email: arlandt@umich.edu cyjf Kate Keever Institutional Review Board Office The University of Michigan 1040 Fleming Building 503 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Phone # 734-936-0933 email: irbhsbs@umich.edu Page 2

clxn]sf] &Ls ;do v)* s: hg;f+lvos hfgsf/l ca xfdl tkfo{sf] hljgsf] ;fdfgo s"/fx?af^ z"? u/f+}. s=1 tkfo{ o; ^f]ndf slxn] -s"g ;fn_ b]lv a:b} cfpg" epsf] xf] < s=2 tkfo{n] slt siff kf; ug"{ epsf] % < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11= P;=Pn=;L= jf ;f] ;/x 12= cfo{= P= jf ;f] ;/x 14= la= P= jf ;f] ;/x 16= Pd= P= jf ;f] ;/x 18= lk= Pr= *L= jf ;f] ;/x s=3 tkfo{n] slxno} lax] ug"{ epsf] % ls %}g < tkfo{ -s;}; u n] s;}nfo{_ s]xl lbgsf] nflu dfq} epklg :jf:gl sf]?kdf - hfg" Nofpg"_ epsf] % cyjf lyof] < 1= % lyof] 5= %}g lypg kfgf g+=3 sf] s=9 df hfg"xf];\ 1

s=4 cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflu 1= pq/bftf k"?if x"g"x"g%. 2= pq/bftf dlxnf x"g"x"g% s=6 df hfg"xf];\ s=5 xfdln] o; cwoogdf ljlegg lsl;dsf dflg;x?; u s"/f ug"{ kg]{ x"g%. s]xl dflg;x? ljlegg sf/)fn] ubf{ Ps egbf a(l :jf:gl ; u lax] u%{g\. s] tkfo{n] lhgbuldf slxno} Ps egbf a(l lax] ug"{ epsf] % lyof] cyjf Nofpg" epsf] % jf lyof] < 1= % lyof] 5= %}g lypg s=7 df hfg"xf];\ s=6 xfdln] o; cwoogdf ljlegg lsl;dsf dflg;x?; u s"/f ug"{ kg]{ x"g%, tkfo{sf] ;f}tf % lyof] < 1= % lyof] 5= %}g lypg s=7 tkfo{sf %f]/f%f]/l epsf %g\ ls %}gg\ < olb s"g} %f]/f%f]/l hgd]sf] Ps}l%g dfq af r]/ v]/ upsf] ep klg gla;{g" xf]nf x}. 1= % 5= %}g csf]{ kfgfsf] s=9 df hfg"xf]];\ 2

s=8 tkfo{n] hddf slt hgf %f]/f%f]/l kfpg" eof] < hgf s=9 tkfo{n] k};f kfpg] u/l slxno} #/b]lv aflx/ st} hful/ vfgsf] nflu hfg" epsf] % lyof] < 1= % lyof] 5= %}g lypg csf]{ kfgfsf] s=12df hfg"xf];\ s=10 tkfo{n] ug"{ epsf] sfd s:tf] lsl;dsf] xf] < Hofnfdhb"/L xf] ls, hflu/ xf] ls, tkfo{sf] cfkm\g} pbf]u Joj;fo xf] ls, cyjf c? s"g} lsl;dsf] sfd xf] < 1= Hofnfdhb"/L 2= hful/ 3= cfkm\g} pbf]u Joj;fo 4= c? s"g} lsl;dsf] sfd s=11 clxn] tkfo{n] k};f kfpg] u/l #/b]lv aflx/ st} sfd ub}{ x"g"x"g% < 1= % 5= %}g 3

s=12 ca xfdl tkfo{sf] pd]/sf] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. tkfo{ s"g ;fndf hgdg" epsf] xf] < tkfo{ slt aif{sf] x"g" eof] < tkfo{ s"g ju{df hgdg" epsf] xf] < tkfo{sf] ju{ s] xf] < s=13 tkfo{sf] a"afsf] hft s] xf] < s=14 klxnf] rf]^l /]l*of] ;"Gbf tkfo{ slt aif{sf] x"g"x"gyof] < aif 95= slxno} klg /]l*of] ;"g]sf] %}g csf]{ kfgfsf] s=16df hfg"xf];\ s=15 upsf] 12 dlxgfdf tkfo{n] /]l*of] lbg lbg} ;"Gg] ug"{x"gyof] ls, xktfdf Ps b"o{ k^s dfq} ;"Gg] ug"{x"gyof] ls, slxn]sf xl dfq ;"Gg] ug"{x"gyof] < 1= lbglbg 2= xktfsf] Ps b"o{ k^s dfq 3= slxn]sf xl dfq 4

s=16 klxnf] rf]^l xndf l;g]df x]bf{ tkfo{ slt aif{sf] x"g"x"gyof] < aif 95= slxno} xndf l;g]df x]/]]sf] %}g s= 18 df hfg"xf];\ s=17 upsf] 12 dlxgfdf tkfo{n] xndf hddf slt rf]^l l;g]df x]g"{eof] < k^s s=18 klxnf] rf]^l l^= le= x]bf{ tkfo{ slt aif{sf] x"g"x"gyof] < aif 95= slxno} klg l^=le= x]/]]sf] %}g csf]{ kfgfsf] s=20df hfg"xf];\ s=19 upsf] 12 dlxgfdf tkfo{n] l^= le= xktfdf Ps k^s cyjf Tof] egbf w]/} k^s x]g"{x"gyof] ls, dlxgfdf Ps k^s h:tf] x]g"{x"gyof] ls, slxn]sf xl dfq x]g"{x"gyof] < 1= xktfdf Ps k^s jf Tof] egbf w]/} 2= dlxgfdf Ps k^s h:tf] 3= slxn]sf xl dfq 5

s=20 klxnf] rf]^l lel*of] cyjf l;= l*= *]sdf lkmnd x]bf{ tkfo{ slt aif{sf] x"g"x"gyof]< aif 95= slxno} klg el=;l=*l= x]/]]sf] %}g s=21 cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflum olb pq/bftfn] s=21 / s=22 sf k Zgx?df k};f eof] eg] Psbd} &Ls x"g% egg] h:tf] s"/f u/]df pko'qm pq/ / e/k%{ egg] b"a}df lrgx nufpg" xf]nf. ca xfdl tkfo{sf] %/l%d]ssf s]^fs]^lx?sf] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. olb tkfo{sf] s"g} l%d]sl b"o{ j^f %f]/f / b"o{ j^l %f]/lx? %g eg] lt ;a} %f]/f%f]/ln] SofDk; k(\\g" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk")f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk")f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk")f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 6= k}zfdf e/ k%{ 6

s=22 tkfo{sf] l%d]slsf] b"o{ j^f %f]/f / b"o{ j^l %f]/lx? %g eg] tl ;j} %f]/f%f]/ln]] c+u] hl af]ng hfgg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 6= k}zfdf e/ k%{ 7

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 8

v)* v: %/l%d]s ca xfdl %/l%d]sdf epsf ;/;"ljwfsf] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. v=1 cfkm" a;]sf] #/dfdf ljh"nl x"g" k%{ egg] s"/f Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g v=2 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df a; :^k r(g kfo{g] &fp x"g" Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 9

v=3 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df :jf:y ;]jf h:t} x:kl^n, x]nykf]i^, lsngls x"g" slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g v=4 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df ahf/ x"g" tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 10

v=5 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df hflu/ lbg] ;+:yf x"g" slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < (Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g) 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g v=6 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df b]jl b]jtfsf] yfg, dlgb/, u"daf x"g" Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 11

v=7 tkfo{sf] #/af^ 15 ldg]^ leq lx*]/ k"ug ;Sg] &fp df l;g]df xn x"g" slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dfq} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g v=8 wgl dflg; a;]sf] &fp df a:g /fd f] x"g% ls, u/la dflg; a:g] &fp a:g /fd f] x"g% < 1= wgl dflg; a:g] &fp df 2= u/la dflg; a:g] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp p:t} p:t} xf] 12

v=9 v]tlkftl ug]{ dflg;x? glhs epsf] &fp df a:g /fd f]] x"g% ls snsf/vfgfdf sfdug]{ dflg;x? glhs epsf] &fp df a:g /fd f] x"g% < 1= v]ltkftl ug{] dflg; glhs epsf] &fp df 2= snsf/vfgfdf sfdug{] dflg; glhs epsf] &fp df 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] v=10 nf]ug] dfg%]x?n] #/df sfd u/]sf] /fd f] x"g% ls, #/ af^ aflx/ hful/ vfg upsf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= #/df sfd u/]sf] /fd f] 2= #/ aflx/ hful/ vfg upsf] /fd f] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 13

v=11 cfkm\gf] OR%fn] sfd ug{ kfpg] &fp df a:g /fd f] x"g% ls, c?n] eg]sf] dfgg" kg]{ &fp df a:g /fd f] x"g% < 1= cfkm\gf] OR%fn] sfd ug{ kfpg] &fp df a:g 2= c?n] eg]sf] dfgg" kg]{ &fp df a:g 3= b"a} &fp p:t} p:t} xf] 14

v)* u: kfl/jfl/s hljg ca xfdl kfl/jfl/s hlag;+u ;+algwt s]xl s""/fx? u/f}+. u=1 nf]ug] dfg%]n] ;fylx?;+u egbf :jf:gl ;+u a(l ;do latfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=2 nf]ug] :jf:glsf] s"/f gldn]klg %"l g x"+b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=3 s]^fs]^lx?n] #/af^ aflx/ up/ sdfpsf] ;a} k};f cfkm}+;+u /fvg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 15

u=4 kl/jf/df d"vo d"vo sfd s] s] ug]{ egg] s"/f #/sf] nf]ug] dfg%]n] g} ug"{k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=5 slxno} klg arrf kfpg grfxg] dfg%] a"l$ gepsf] xf] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=6 slxno} klg ljx] gu/l a:g] dflg; egbf ljx] ug]{ dflg; v"zl x"g%g\ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 16

u=7 nf]ug] dfg%]sf] nflu :jf:gl;+u egbf afa"cfdf; u /fd f] ;DaGw x"g" dxtjk")f{ x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls l&s nfu% nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=8 nf]ug]:jf:glsf] s"/f ldng} g;sg] eof] eg] %f]*kq ug{" /fd f] pkfo xf] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=9 s]^fs]^lx?n] #/af^ aflx/ up/ sdfpsf] ;a} k};f afa"cfdfnfo{ lbg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 17

u=10 %f]/f%f]/l gkfpg] af L cfodfo{ x"g" eg]sf] slxno} klg hgdb} ghgdg" h:tf] xf], egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=11 s]^lsf] lax] pgl klxnf] k^s dlxgfjf/l x"g"egbf cl# ug{" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=12 :jf:gln] nf]ug]sf] uf]*fdf (f]ug" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < - l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 18

u=13 %f]/f%f]/l gepsf dfg%] :ju{ hfg ;Sb}gg\ egg] s"/f tkfonfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=14 Pp^f dfg%]n] Psk^sdf PseGbf a(l cfo{dfo{; u lax] ug"{ x+"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g u=15 w]/} k};f x"g" egbf w]/} %f]/f%f]/l epsf] hflt egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 19

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 20

v)* #: lziffsf] gfk cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflum lziffsf] sf*{ b]vfpg";\ / o;sf] af/]df cfjzostf cg";f/ JofVof ug"{xf];\ ;fy} Pp^} gda/ klg b"o{j^f b]znfo{ lbg kfog% eg]/ egg"xf];\. ca xfdl ;+;f/sf lalegg b]zsf dflg;x?sf] k(fo{n]vfo{sf af/]df s"/f u/f}+. s"g b]zdf slqsf] k(]sf dfg%] %g\ egg] s"/f yfxf kfpgsf nflu xfdln] ;"Go b]lv bz gda/ ;Ddsf] Pp^f gfk agfpsf %f}. Psbd} sd k(]sf dflg;x? epsf] b]z ;"Go gda/df, &Ls &Ls} k(]sf dflg;x? epsf b]z kf r gda/df / w]/} k(]sf dflg;x? epsf b]znfo{ 10 gda/df /fvg] xf] eg], #=1 tkfo{n] g]kfnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] g]kfnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #=2 tkfo{n] hfkfgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] hfkfgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21

#=3 tkfo{n] ef/tnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] ef/tnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #=4 tkfo{n] cd]l/sfnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] cd]/lsfnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #=5 tkfo{n] ;f]dfnlof nfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] ;f]dfnlofnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22

#=6 tkfo{n] lrgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] lrgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #=7 tkfo{n] a]nfotnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] a]nfotnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #=8 tkfo{n] a fhlnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] a fhlnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 24

v)* ª: /fd f] g/fd f] ca xfdl kfl/jfl/s cj:yfsf] af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f}+. d tkfo{nfo{ s]xl s"/fx? k(]/ ;"gfp %", tkfo{sf] larf/df tnsf b"o{ ca:yfx? dwo] w}/}h;f] xfdl g]kfnlx?sf] nflu s"grf xl /fd f] x"g%, atfolbg"; x} t. ª=1 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu ;fgf] kl/jf/ /fd f] x"g% ls, &"nf] kl/jf/ /fd f] x"g% < 1= ;fgf] kl/jf/ 2= &"nf] kl/jf/ 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=2 ljx] e};s]sf] %f]/fx? cfkm\gf] afa";+u a:g /fd f] x"g% ls %" } a:g /fd f] x"g% < 1= ;+u} a:g" 2= %"^} a:g" 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 25

ª=3 lax] gu/l PSn} a:g /fd f] x"g% ls ljx] u/]sf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= lax] gu/l a:g" 2= lax] u/]sf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=4 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu 16 aif{df ljx] ug{ /fd f] x"g% ls 24 aif{df ljx] ug{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= 16 aif{df lax] ug{" 2= 24 aif{df lax] ug{" 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=5 #/kl/jf/sf] af/]df s] s] ug]{ egg] s"/f nf]ug] dflg;n] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% ls cfo{dfo{ dflg;n] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= nf]ug] dflg;n] 2= cfo{dfo{ dflg;n] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 26

ª=6 cfkm"n] lax] ug]{ s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}+n] /f]h]sf] /fd f] x"g% ls, afa"cfdfn] %fg]sf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= cfkm}+n] /f]h]sf] /fd f] 2= cfdfafa"n] %fg]sf] /fd f] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=7 nf]ug] :jf:glsf] s"/f gldn]klg ; u} a:g" /fd f] x"g% ls %f]*kq u/]sf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= s"/f gldn]klg ;u} a:g" 2= %f]*kq ug"{ 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=8 nf]ug] dfg%]sf] Pp^f dfq :jf:gl epsf] /fd f] x"g% ls Ps egbf a(l :jf:glx? epsf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= Pp^f dfq 2= Ps egbf al( 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 27

ª=9 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu hft ldng] ;+u dfq ljx] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% ls hft gldng] ;+u ljx] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= hft ldng] 2= hft gldng] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=10 cfkm"nfo{ dg nfu]sf] s"/f ug{ /fd f] x"g% ls afa"cfdfn] eg]sf] cg";f/ ug"{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= cfkm"nfo{ dg nfu]sf] 2= afj"cfdfn] eg]sf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=11 #/kl/jf/sf] af/]df s] s] ug]{ egg] s"/f nf]ug]n] dfq} ug"{ /fd f] x"g% ls nf]ug] :jf:gl b"a}n] ldn]/ ug"{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= nf]ug]n] dfq} 2= nf]ug] :jf:gl b"j}n] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 28

ª=12 kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpg" jf kl/jf/ lgof]hg ug{" /fd f] x"g% ls eujfgn] hlt lbof] plt arrfx? kfpg" /fd f] x"g% < 1= kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwg rnfpg" 2= eujfgn] hlt lbof] plt kfpg" 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=13 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu cf cfkm\gf] rngrntl / wd{ cg";f/sf] ljx] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% ls c*\*f cbfntdf up/ u/]sf] sfg"gl lax] /fd f] x"g% < 1= rngrntl / wd{ cg";f/sf] ljx] 2= c*\*f cbftndf up/ u/]sf] ljx] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=14 pd]/ k"u]sf %f]/fx? afa"cfdf;+u} a:g" /fd f] x"g% ls %"l P/ a:g" /fd f] x"g% 1= %f]/fx? ;+u} a:g" 2= %f]/fx? %"l P/ a:g" 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 29

ª=15 k"/fgf] l/ltlylt rngrntl cg";f/sf] kfl/jfl/s hljg /fd f] x"g% ls gof cfw"lgs kfl/jfl/s hljg /fd f] x"g% < 1= k"/fgf] l/ltlyltsf] kfl/jfl/s hljg 2= gof cfw"lgs kfl/jfl/s hljg 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=16 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu Pp^L cfo{dfo{n] klxnf] arrf 18 aif{sf] pd]/df kfpg" /fd f] x"g% ls, 24 aif{sf] pd]/df kfpg" /fd f] x"g% < 1= 18 aif{sf] pd]/df 2= 24 aif{sf] pd]/df 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=17 arrf c:ktfndf kfpg /fd f] x"g% ls #/df kfpg /fd f] xg% < 1= c:ktfndf kfpg 2= #/df kfpg 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 30

ª=18 la/fdl x" bf emf/km"s ug]{ dflg; sxf hfg /fd f] x"g% ls *fs^/ sxf hfg /fd f] x"g% < 1= emf/km"s ug]{ sxf 2= *fs^/ sxf 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=19 k(\gsf] nflu ;/sf/l :s"n /fd f] x"g% ls af]l*{é :s"n /fd f] x"g% < 1= ;/sf/l :s"n 2= af]l*{é :s"n 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=20 w]/} h;f] g]kfnlsf] nflu w]/} dflg;x? zx/df a;f]af; u/]sf] /fd f] x"g% ls yf]/} dflg;x? zx/df a;f]af; u/]sf] /fd f] x"g% < 1= w]/} dflg;x? zx/df 2= yf]/} dflg;x? zx/df 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 31

ª=21 clxn]sf] gof cfw"lgs ;dfh /fd f] xg% ls k"/fgf] l/ltlylt rngrntl epsf] ;dfh /fd f] x"g% < 1= cfw"lgs ;dfh 2= k"/fgf] l/ltlyltsf] ;dfh 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] ª=22 ;dfhdf s] s] ug]{ egg] s"/f nf]ug] dflg;n] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% ls cfo{dfo{ dflg;n] ug"{ /fd f] x"g% < 1= nf]ug] dflg;n] 2= cfo{dfo{ dflg;n] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 32

v)* r: kl/jf/ / wg ;DktL dflg;x? g]kfnnfo{ s;/l wgl agfpg ;lsg% egg] s"/f u%{g\ tkfo{sf] larf/df tnsf s"/fx?n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < atfo{lbg"; x} t. r=1 olb w]/} dflg;x?n] pd]/ k"u] kl%dfq lax] u/]sf ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=2 olb cfodfo{nfo{ c dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht ul/psf] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 33

r=3 w]/}n] cfkm"n] lax] ug{] s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}+n] /f]h]sf] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=4 ljx] u/]sf w]/} dflg;x?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpsf] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 34

r=5 a"(f epsf afa"cfdfaf^ pd]/ k"u]sf w]/} %f]/fx? %" } a;]sf ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=6 olb cfo{dfo{ / nf]ug] dfg%]n] Pp^} lsl;dsf] sfd u/]sf ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 35

r=7 %f]/f%f]/lsf] nflu lax] sf]; u ug]{ egg] s"/f afj"cfdfn] g} ul/lbg] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=8 olb w]/} nf]ug] :jf:glx?n] %f]*kq u/]sf ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 36

r=9 w]/} dflg;x? hful/ vfg #/kl/jf/b]lv aflx/ upsf] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=10 pd]/ k"u]sf %f]/f%f]/lx?n] cfkm\gf] sdfo{ cfkm" v"zl ug{ kfpg] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 37

r=11 w]/} nf]ug] dflg;x?sf] Ps egbf al( :jf:glx? epsf] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=12 w]/} %f]/f%f]/lx? epsf] kl/jf/ w]/} ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 38

r=13 w]/} dflg;x?n] #/kl/jf/nfo{ sd dxtj lbpsf]] ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=14 yf]/} %f]/f%f]/lx? epsf] kl/jf/ ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 39

r=15 w]/} nf]ug] dflg;x?sf] Pp^f dfq :jf:gl ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] r=16 ;+uf]ndf a:g] ;fsv} bfh"efo{x? yf]/} epsf ep, o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ wgl agfpg ;xof]u uyof{] xf]nf ls, cem} u/la agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= wgl agfp Yof] 2= u/lj agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 40

v)* %M kfl/jfl/s hljg ca xfdl kfl/jfl/s hljg;+u ;DjlGwt s]xl s"/fx? u/f}. %=1 %f]/f%f]/l gepsf cwa}z] dflg; egbf %f]/f%f]/l epsf dflg; a(l v"zl x"g%g\ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g ls < 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=2 csf{] hft;+u ljx] ug"{ klg g/fd f] xf]og egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=3 nf]ug]n]] vfo{;s]kl% dfq :jf:gln] vfg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g 41

%=4 Pp^f cf vf s] cf vf, Pp^f %f]/f s] %f]/f egg] pvfg tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=5 ne k/]/ u/]sf] ljx] /fd f] x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=6 csf{] hft ;+u ljx] ug"{ untl xf] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g 42

%=7 ljx] gepsl s]^lnfo{ #/af^ ^f(f s]^l ;fylx?;+u a:g lbg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=8 lx*\bfv]/l hlxn] klg :jf:gl nf]ug]sf] k%f*l lx+*\g" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=9 ;/sf/n] kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;kmn agfpg] sfo{qmdx? rnfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g 43

%=10 lax] ug{] s]^f jf s]^l] cfkm}n] /f]h] klg ljx] ug{" cl# afa"cfdfsf] d~h"/l lng" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g %=11 nf]ug] dfg%]sf] nflu afa"cfdf;+u egbf :jf:gl;++u /fd f] ;DaGw x"g" dxtjk")f{ x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g_ 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g 44

v)* hm lasf; / kl/jf/ ca xfdl xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf egg] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. h=1 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, pd]/ k"u]kl% ljx] ug]{ dflg;x? a(l x"gy] ls, sd x"gy]] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gy] 2= sd x"gy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=2 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, cfodfo{nfo{ dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 45

h=3 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, cfkm"n] lax] ug{] s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}n] /f]hg] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=4 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, lax] u/]sf w]/} dflg;x?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpg] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 46

h=5 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, pd]/ k"u]sf %f]/fx? a"(f epsf afa"cfdfaf^ %" } a:g] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=6 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, cfodfo{ / nf]ug] dfg%]n] Pp^} lsl;dsf] sfd ug]{ rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 47

h=7 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, %f]/f%f]/lsf] nflu ljx] sf] ;+u ug]{ egg] s"/f afa"cfdfn] g} ul/lbg] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=8 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, %f]*kq ug]{ dflg;x? a(l x"gy] ls, sd x"gy] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gy] 2= sd x"gy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=9 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, #/kl/jf/af^ ^f(f uo{ hful/ vfg] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 48

h=10 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, pd]/ k"u]sf %f]/f%f]/lx?n] cfkm\gf] sdfo{ cfkm' v"zl ug]{ rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] ls, s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=11 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, nf]ug] dflg;sf] PseGbf a(l :jf:glx? x"g] rng s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=12 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, w]/} %f]/f%f]/l x"g] kl/jf/ s:tf] x"gyof] xf]nf < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 49

h=13 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, dflg;n] #/kl/jf/nfo{ slqsf] dxtj lbgy] xf]nfg\< -a(l dxtj lbgy] ls, sd dxtj lbgy]_ 1= a(l lbgy] 2= sd lbgy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=14 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, lax] g} gu/l a:g] dflg;x? a(l x"gy] ls, sd x"gy] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gy] 2= sd x"gy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=15 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, yf]/} %f]/f%f]/l x"g] kl/jf/ s:tf] x"gyof] < -a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 50

h=16 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, Pp^f dfq :jf:gl x"g] dflg;x? s:tf] x"gy] xf]nf < -a(l x"gy] ls, sd x"gy] xf]nf_ 1= a(l x"gy] 2= sd x"gy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] h=17 xfd f] b]zdf cem a(l lasf; epsf] ep, ;fsv} bfh"efo{x? ;+uf]ndf a:g] rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] xf]nf < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 51

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 52

v)* emm kfl/jfl/s d]nldnfk ca xfdl dflg;sf] kfl/jfl/s d]nldnfk ;DalGw s]lx s"/f u/f} x} t. em=1 %f]/f%f]/lnfo{ afa"cfdfsf] dxtj x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=2 afa"cfdfnfo{ %f]/f%f]/lsf] dxtj x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 53

em=3 dflg;x?n] lax] ep/ upsf lbblalxglnfo{ e]^\g hfg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=4 ljx] ep/ %" } a;]sf %f]/fn] a"(f epsf afa"cfdfnfo{{ e]^\g hfg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 54

em=5 lax] ep/ upsf %f]/ln] a"(f epsf afa"cfdfnfo{{ e]^\g hfg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=6 afa"cfdfn] lax] ep/ upsf %f]/lnfo{{ e]^\g hfg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 55

em=7 lax] ep/ %" } a;]sf bfh"efo{nfo{ ;xof]u ug"{ tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g%< -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=8 lax] ep/ upsf lbblalxglnfo{ ;xof]u ug"{ tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 56

em=9 lax] ep/ %" } a;]sf %f]/fx?n] a"(f epsf afa"cfdfnfo{ ;xof]u ug{" tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=10 afa"cfdfn] lax] ep/ upsf %f]/lnfo{ ;xof]u ug{" tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 57

em=11 ;+uf]ndf a:g] ;fsv} bfh"efo{ / tlgsf kl/jf/n] ufx f] ;f+#"/f] k/]sf] a]nfdf Ps csf{nfo{ x]/larf/ tyf k};f lbp/ ;xof]u ug{" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ slqsf] dxtjk')f{ x"g% < -Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g_ 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g em=12 lax] epsf] %f]/fn] cfkm\gf afa"cfdfnfo{ a"(];sfndf x]/larf/ ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% ls, slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g < 1= Psbd} dxtjk')f{ x"g% 2= cln cln dxtjk')f{ x"g% 3= slq klg dxtjk')f{ x"b}g 58

v)* `: u/la &fp / wgl &fp ca xfdl u/la &fp / wgl &fp sf] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. d s]xl s"/fx? k(]/ ;"gfp %," tl s"/fx? tkfo{nfo{ u/la &fp df al( x"g%g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l x"g%g\ atfo{lbg";\ x} t! `=1 pd]/ k"u]kl% lax] ug]{ dflg;x? u/la &fp df a(l x"g%g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l x"g%g\ < 1= u/la &fp df 2= wgl] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} `=2 cfo{dfo{nfo{ dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht u/la &fp df a(l u%{g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l u%{g\ < 1= u/la &fp df 2= wgl] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 59

`=3 lax] ug{] s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}+n] /f]hg]x? u/la &fp df a(l x"g%g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l x"g%g\ < 1= u/la &fp df 2= wgl] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} `=4 kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpg] dflg;x? u/la &fp df a(l x"g%g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l x"g%g\ < 1= u/la &fp df 2= wgl] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} `=5 %f]*kq ug]{ nf]ug] :jf:glx? u/la &fp df a(l x"g%g\ ls, wgl &fp df a(l x"g%g\ < 1= u/la &fp df 2= wgl] &fp df 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 60

v)* ^M kl/jf/ tyf ;"v b""mv dflg;x?n] g]kfnnfo{ s;/l ;"vl &fp agfpg] egg] s"/f u%{g\. tkfo{sf] ljrf/df tnsf s"/fx?n] xfd f] b]znfo{ nfo{ ;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf < atfo{lbg";\ x} t! ^=1 pd]/ k"u]kl% lax] ug]{ dflg;x? w]/} epsf ep, xfd f] b]znfo{ ;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= ;"vl agfp Yof] 2= b"mvl agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] ^=2 cfodfo{nfo{ c dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht ul/psf] ep, xfd f] b]znfo{ ;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= ;"vl agfp Yof] 2= b"mvl agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 61

^=3 w]/}}n] cfkm"n] lax] ug{] s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}n] /f]h]]sf] ep, xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= ;"vl agfp Yof] 2= b"mvl agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] ^=4 lax] u/]sf w]/} dflg;x?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpsf] ep, xfd f] b]znfo{ s:tf] agfp Yof] xf]nf < -;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf_ 1= ;"vl agfp Yof] 2= b"mvl agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] ^=5 w]/} dflg;x?n] %f]*kq u/]sf ep, xfd f] b]znfo{ ;"vl agfp Yof] ls, b"mvl agfp Yof] xf]nf < 1= ;"vl agfp Yof] 2= b"mvl agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 62

v)* &: AolQmut tyf kl/jf/ ca xfdl cfkm\gf], afa"cfdf, %f]/f%f]/l] / ;fylsf] enfo{ tyf dxtj af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f}, o;df tkfo{nfo{ s;sf] enfo{ dxtjk')f{ nfu%, atfo{lbg"; x}! &=1 tkfo{nfo{ afa"cfdfsf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= afa"cfdfsf]] enf] 2= %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] &=2 tkfo{nfo{ %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] -nf]ug] :jf:gl >Ldfg >LdtL_ sf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] 2= nf]ug] :jf:glsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 63

&=3 tkfo{nfo{ cfkm\gf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] afa"cfdfsf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= cfkm\gf]]] enf] 2= afa"cfdfsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] &=4 tkfo{nfo{ afa"cfdfsf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] -nf]ug] :jf:gl >Ldfg >LdtL_sf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= afa"cfdfsf]] enf] 2= nf]ug] :jf:glsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] &=5 tkfo{nfo{ ;fylsf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] -nf]ug] :jf:gl >Ldfg >LdtL_ sf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= ;fylsf] enf] 2= nf]ug] :jf:glsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 64

&=6 tkfo{nfo{ cfkm\gf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] %f]/f%f]/lsf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= cfkm\gf] enf] 2= %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] &=7 tkfo{nfo{ afa"cfdfsf]]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] ;fylsf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= afa"cfdfsf]] enf] 2= ;fylsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] &=8 tkfo{nfo{ %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% ls, tkfo{sf] ;fylsf] enf] dxtjk')f{ nfu% < 1= %f]/f%f]/lsf]] enf] 2= ;fylsf]] enf] 3= b"a} p:t} p:t} xf] 65

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 66

v)* *: :jtgqtf, ;dfgtf / ;xdlt ca xfdl ;fdflhs ca:yfsf af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f+}. *=1 l%d]slnfo{ ufx f] ;f+#"/f] k/]sf] a]nfdf, h:t} la/fdl x" bf, af(l cfp bf, cyjf #/vr{ rnfpg d":sln k/]sf] a]nfdf Ps csf{nfo{ ;xof]u ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=2 l%d]sl;+u cfkm\gf ;"v b"mv h:t}m hgd, lajfx, d[to' cflb Ps cfk;df af *\g" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=3 %/l%d]sdf vf rf] k/]sf] a]nfdf c}rf]-k}r]f ;/-;fk^ rng" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 67

*=4 hfteftsf] cfwf/df dflg;nfo{ e]befj ug"{, %" \ofpg" x""b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=5 c? hftsf dflg;x?;+u ;+u} a;]/ lrof vfg" x"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=6 dflg;nfo{ wgl u/la eg]/ %"^\ofpg" x""b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 68

*=7 u/la dflg;n] wgl dflg;;+u} a;]/ lrof vfg" x"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=8 hft eft %" ofpg" /fd f] xf] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=9 %f]/f / %f]/lnfo{ a/fa/ ug{" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g< 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 69

*=10 ;fgf] hftsf dflg;x?nfo{ klg /f]stf]s gu/l wd{ ug]{ &fp x?df hfg lbg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=11 cfo{dfo{x? egbf nf]ug] dflg;x? /fhgllt ug{ :jefa}n] leql?kdf g} /fd f] x"g%g\ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=12 cfo{dfo{ / nf]ug] dfg%]n] Pp^} sfd u of] eg] Hofnf a/fa/ lbg"k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 70

*=13 c?n]] eg]sf] dfg%]nfo{ egbf cfkm"n] rfx]sf] dfg%]nfo{ ef]^ lbg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=14 afx"g If]qLn] slxno} klg hf * /S;L vfg" x"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=15 s]^lx?n] kfo{g^ nufp klg x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 71

*=16 dlxgfjf/l epsf] a]nfdf cfo{dfo{ dfg%]n] efg%f %"g x"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=17 ;w}+ vfgf vfp kl% efg%f kf]tg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < - &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=18 k To]s lbg laxfg rf]vf] n"uf nufpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 72

*=19 nf]ug] :jf:gln] c?sf] cufl* Ps csf{sf] xft ;dfpg" x"b}g egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ s:tf] nfu% < -&Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g_ 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g *=20 efuodf h] ;"s} n]v]sf] eptfklg, s*f kl/>d d]xgt u of] eg] cfkm'n] rfx]sf] s"/f ug{ ;lsg% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= l&s nfu% 5= l&s nfub}g 73

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 74

v)* (: ;dfgtf ca xfdl ljlegg lsl;dsf dflg;sf af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f}+. (=1 c? hftsf dfg%];+u a;]/ vfgf vfg k of] eg] tkfo{ Psbd} v"zl x"gx"g% ls, cln cln dfq} v"zl x"g"x"g% ls, v"zl x"g" x"gg xf]nf ls, slqklg v"zl x"g" x"gg < 1= Psbd} v"zl x"g%" 2= cln cln dfq} v"zl x"g%" 3= v"zl x"gg 4= slqklg v"zl x"gg (=2 olb tkfo{sf] %f]/f %f]/ln] cfkm\gf] hfteft %f]*]/ csf]{ hft ; u lax] u of] eg] tkfo{ Psbd} v"zl x"gx"g% ls, cln cln dfq} v"zl x"gx"g% ls, v"zl x"g" x"gg ls, slqklg v"zl x"g" x"gg < 1= Psbd} v"zl x"g%" 2= cln cln dfq} v"zl x"g%" 3= v"zl x"gg 4= slqklg v"zl x"gg 75

(=3 olb s"g} dlxnf xfd f] b]zsf] k wfgdgql x"g"eof] eg] tkfo{ slqsf] v"zl x"g"x"g% 1= Psbd} v"zl x"g%" 2= cln cln dfq} v"zl x"g%" 3= v"zl x"gg 4= slqklg v"zl x"gg (=4 olb tkfo{sf] kf^l{n] sfd ug{ ;Sg] Pp^f dlxnfnfo{ tkfo{sf] lhnnfaf^ ;+;b\sf] pdd]bjf/ agfof] eg] tkfo{n] jxf nfo{ ef]^ lbg" x"g% ls lbg"x"gg < 1= ef]^ lbg%" 2= ef]^ lbgg 3= larf/ u%"{ (=5 olb uf= lj= ;= cwoif aggsf nflu dlxnf pdd]bjf/ x"g"eof] eg] tkfo{ pxf nfo{ ef]^ lbg" x"g% ls lbg"x"gg < 1= ef]^ lbg%" 2= ef]^ lbgg 3= larf/ u%"{ 76

v)* )f: kf}/fl)fs / ljsl;t &fp ca xfdl k"/fgf] l/tllytl rngrntl epsf] / ljsf; epsf] &fp sf] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. )f=1 pd]/ k"u]kl% lax] ug]{ dflg;x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=2 cfo{dfo{sf] w]/} dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g% ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g% < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 77

)f=3 kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpg] lax] epsf dflg;x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} xg%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=4 a"(f epsf afa"cfdfaf^ % } a:g] %f]/fx? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=5 %f]/f%f]/lsf] nflu ljx] sf] ; u ul/lbg] egg] s"/f afa"cfdfn] g} ug{" k%{ egg]x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 78

)f=6 Pp^} sfd ug]{ cfo{dfo{ / nf]ug] dfg%]x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=7 %f]*kq ug]{ nf]ug] :jf:glx? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=8 #/af^ aflx/ hful/vfg hfg] dflg;x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 79

)f=9 cfkmgf] sdfo{ cfkm"v"zl ug{ kfpg] %f]/f%f]/lx? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=10 Ps egbf w]/} :jf:gl x"g]x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=11 w]/} %f]/f%f]/lx? epsf kl/jf/ k"/fgf] /LltlytL / rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 80

)f=12 lax] g} gu/l a:%" egg] dflg;x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=13 #/kl/jf/nfo{ sd dxtj lbg] dflg;x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} )f=14 ;uf]ndf a:g] ;fsv} bfh"efo{x? k"/fgf] /LltlytL rngrntl epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ ls, ljsf; epsf] &fp df w]/} x"g%g\ < 1= k"/fgf] /LltlytL epsf] &fp 2= lasf; epsf] &fp 3= b"a} &fp df p:t} p:t} 81

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 82

v)* t: laafx / %f]/f%f]/lx? t=1 cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflum t=1 b]lv t=4 sf k Zgx?df olb pq/bftfn] ======b]lv======;dd egg] pq/ lbpdf Tof] pq/ klxnf] vfnl &fp df n]vg] / WC k f]a k of]u ug]{ / bf]>f] k^s cfpsf] pq/ bf]>f] vfnl &fp df n]vg"xf];\ cfhsnsf s]^fsf] lax] slt aif{sf] pd]/df u/] /fd f] xf]nf < 1= aif 2= aif t=2 cfhsnsf s]^lsf] ljx] slt aif{sf] pd]/df u/] /fd f] xf]nf < 1= aif 2= aif t=3 lax] epsf] slt aifkl% arrf kfpg" /fd f] xf]nf < 1= aif 2= aif t=4 dflg;x? cfkm\gf %f]/f%f]/l gepklg %f]/f%f]/lsf] af/]df ljlegg s"/fx? u%{g\, olb tkfo{sf] %f]/f%f]/ln] tkfo{n] eg] hlt arrfarrl kfpg] ep tkfo{n] slt hgf %f]/f%f]/l kfpg egg"x"gyof] < 1= hgf 2= hgf 83

t=5 dfgf}+ ls tkfo{sf] %f]/f%f]/ln] slxno} klg lax] ug{ dflggg\ eg] Tof] s"/fn] tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} b"mvl agfp % ls, bm"vl agfp % ls, cln cln dfq} bm"vl agfp % ls, slqklg b"mvl agfp b}g < 1= Psbd} b"mvl agfp % 2= b"mvl agfp % 3= cln cln dfq} b"mvl agfp % 4= slqklg b"mvl agfp b}g t=6 olb tkfo{sf] %f]/f%f]/ln] Pp^f klg arrf kfpg rfx]gg\ eg] Tof] s"/fn] tkfo{nfo{ Psbd} b"mvl agfp % ls, bm"vl agfp % ls, cln cln dfq} bm"vl agfp % ls, slqklg b"mvl agfp b}g < 1= Psbd} b"mvl agfp % 2= b"mvl agfp % 3= cln cln dfq} b"mvl agfp % 4= slqklg b"mvl agfp b}g 84

v)* ym lziff / kl/jf/ g]kfnlnfo{ a(l k(]n]v]sf agfpgsf] nflu clxn] oxf w]/} sf]lzzx? eo/x]sf %g\. tkfo{sf] larf/df olb xfd f] b]zdf a(l k(]sf dflg; epsf] ep tnsf s"/fx? xfd f] b]zdf a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] < atfo{lbg";\ x} t! y=1 olb g]kfnlx? a(l k(]sf ep, dflg;x?n] pd]/ k"u]kl% lax] ug]{ rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] y=2 olb g]kfnlx? a(l k(]sf ep, cfodfo{nfo{ dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 85

y=3 olb g]kfnlx? a(l k(]sf ep, cfkm"n] lax] ug]{ s]^f jf s]^l cfkm}n] /f]hg] rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] y=4 olb g]kfnlx? a(l k(]sf ep, lax] u/]sf w]/} dflg;x?n] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpg] rng a(l x"gyof] ls, sd x"gyof] < 1= a(l x"gyof] 2= sd x"gyof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] y=5 olb g]kfnlx? a(l k(]sf ep, %f]*kq ug]{ nf]ug] :jf:gl]x? a(l x"gy] ls, sd x"gy]] < 1= a(l x"gy] 2= sd x"gy] 3= s]lx klg km/s kb}{gyof] 86

v)* b: P]ltxfl;s cwoog ca xfdl ;+;f/sf] O{ltxf;sf] af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f}+. b=1 cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflum tnsf k Zgx?df olb pq/bftfn] s:tf] p^\k^\ofé jf pnn" k Zg ;f]wg"eof] egg] h:tf] s"/f u/]df pko'qm pq/ / "s:tf] p^\k^\ofé k Zg ug"{epsf]" b"a}df lrgx nufpg"xf];\. plxn] s"g} ;dodf cd]l/sf clxn]sf] g]kfn h:tf] lyof] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < &Ls 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 96= s:tf] p^\k^\ofé k Zg ug"{epsf] b=2 olb g]kfndf lasf;sf sfdx? eo{ g} /x] eg] s"g} ;dodf g]kfn klg clxn]sf] cd]l/sf h:tf] x"g]% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 96= s:tf] p^\k^\ofé k Zg ug"{epsf] 87

b=3 plxn] s"g} ;dodf g]kfn clxn]sf] cd]l/sf h:tf] lyof] egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 96= s:tf] p^\k^\ofé k Zg ug"{epsf] b=4 kl% s"g} ;dodf cd]l/sf clxn]sf] g]kfn h:t} x"g]% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ &Ls nfu% ls, &Ls nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 96= s:tf] p^\k^\ofé k Zg ug"{epsf] 88

v)* wm kl/jf/ / lziff ca xfdl xfd f] b]z g]kfnnfo{ s;/l a(l lzlift &fp agfpg ;lsg% egg] af/]df s"/f u/f}+. w=1 w]/} dflg;x?n] pd]/ k"u]kl% lax] u/]sf ep o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ a(l lzlift &fp agfpyof] ls, sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] < 1= a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 2= sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] w=2 cfodfo{nfo{ c dfg ;Ddfg / O{Hht ul/psf] ep o;n] xfd f] b]znfo{ a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof]] ls, sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] < 1= a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 2= sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 89

w=3 cfkm"n] lax] ug]{ s]^f jf s]^l cfkm} /f]hg] ep xfd f] b]znfo{ a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof]] ls, sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] < 1= a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 2= sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] w=4 lax] u/]sf w]/} nf]ug] :jf:gln] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx? rnfpsf] ep, o;n]] xfd f] b]znfo{ a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof]] ls, sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] < 1= a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 2= sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] w=5 %f]*kq ug]{ nf]ug] :jf:glx? w]/} epsf] ep, o;n]] xfd f] b]znfo{ a(l lzlift &fp agfp Yof] ls, sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] ls, s]lxklg km/s kfb}{gyof]< 1= a(l lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 2= sd lzlift &f p agfp Yof] 3= s]lx klg km/s kfb}{gyof] 90

v)* g: lasf;sf] gfk cgt/jftf{sf/sf] nflum lasf;sf] sf*{ b]vfpg";\ / o;sf] af/]df cfjzostf cg";f/ JofVof ug"{xf];\ ;fy} Pp^} gda/ klg b"o{j^f b]znfo{ lbg kfog% eg]/ egg"xf];\. ca xfdl ;+;f/sf lalegg b]zdf epsf lasf;sf af/]df s"/f u/f}+. s"g b]zdf slqsf] lasf; epsf] %\ egg] s"/f yfxf kfpgsf nflu xfdln] ;"Go b]lv bz gda/ ;Ddsf] Pp^f gfk agfpsf %f}. Psbd} sd lasf; epsf b]z ;"Go gda/df, &Ls &Ls} lasf; epsf b]z kf r gda/df / w]/} lasf; epsf b]znfo{ 10 gda/df /fvg] xf] eg], g=1 tkfo{n] g]kfnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] g]kfnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g=2 tkfo{n] hfkfgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] hfkfgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 91

g=3 tkfo{n] ef/tnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] ef/tnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g=4 tkfo{n] cd]l/sfnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] cd]/lsfnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g=5 tkfo{n] ;f]dfnlof nfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] ;f]dfnlofnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 92

g=6 tkfo{n] lrgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] lrgnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g=7 tkfo{n] a]nfotnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] a]nfotnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 g=8 tkfo{n] a fhlnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 98= yfxf%}g &\ofss} yfxf gep klg cgbfh u/]/ egg" kbf{ tkfo{n] a fhlnnfo{ slt gda/df /fvg"x"g% < 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 93

of] kfgf vfnl %f]l*psf] % 94

v)* km kfl/jfl/s hljg ca xfdl kfl/jfl/s hljg ;DalGw c? s]xl s"/f u/f}+. tkfo{nfo{ lt s"/fx? l&s nfu% ls l&s nfub}g atfo{lbg";\ x} t! k=1 lax] gepsf] %f]/l]nfo{ aflx/ PSn} #"Dg hfg lbg" x"g% egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=2 nf]ug]n] h] eg% :jf:gln] ;w}+ ToxL ug"{ k%{ egg] tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 95

k=3 s]xl dflg;x? :yfol kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]sf] nf]ug] dfg%n] k"hfcfhf u/]sf] kmn ldnb}g egg] ljzjf; u%{g. tkfo{nfo{ of] s"/f l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=4 %f]/f%f]/lsf] lax] ug{sf] nflu s]^f jf s]^l afa"cfdfn] %fg]tfklg ljx] ug"{ cl# pglx?sf] d~h"/l lng" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=5 pd]/ epsl ljw"jf cfo{dfo{n] csf]{ nf]ug] dfg%] ; u lax] ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 96

k=6 ljx] epsf] %f]/fn] cfkm\gf afa"cfdfnfo{ a"(];sfndf x]/larf/ ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=7 s]^lx?n] cfkm"n] rfx]sf] a]nfdf ljx] ug{ kfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=8 #/kl/jf/df s] s] ug]{ egg] s"/fsf] lgwf] ug"{ egbf cuf*l :jf:gl;+u ;Nnfx ug{"k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 97

k=9 lax] epsl %f]/ln] cfkm\gf afa"cfdfnfo{ a"(];sfndf x]/larf/ ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=10 s]^lx?n] cfkm"n] lax] ug]{ s]^f cfkm}+n] dfq /f]hg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=11 a"xf/l #/ cfpkl% ;f;"n] h] egof] Tolx ug{"k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 98

k=12 :jf:gln] nf]ug]n] s] eg% egbf klg cfkm'nfo{ l&s nfu]sf] s"/f ug"{ k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=13 %f]/f%f]/l slt hgf kfpg] egg] s"/fsf] lgwf] nf]ug]n] g} ug{"k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=14 s]^fx?n] cfkm"n] rfx]sf] a]nfdf ljx] ug{ kfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 99

k=15 lax] gepsf s]^fx?nfo{ #/af^ ^f(f s]^f ;fylx?; u a:g lbg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=16 s]^fx?n] cfkm"n] lax] ug]{ s]^l cfkm}+n] dfq /f]hg kfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g k=17 lax] gepsf %f]/f]n] cfkm"n] slt ;Dd k(\g] egg] s"/fsf] lgwf] cfkm}+n] ug{ kfpg" k%{ egg] s"/f tkfo{nfo{ l&s nfu% ls, l&s nfub}g < 1= &Ls nfu% 5= &Ls nfub}g 100

v)* km: ;fdfgo!fg ca xfdl g]kfn / cd]l/sfsf] hghljg af/]df s]xl s"/f u/f}. tkfo{n] cfhef]lnsf] g]kfn / cd]l/sf larsf] hghljg bf Hg";\ / cd]l/sfsf] bf hf]df xfd f] b]zdf tl s"/fx? a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sf a(l %g\ atfolbg";\ x}. km=1 zx/df a:g] dflg;x? g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=2 afa"cfdf; u a:g] lax] u/]sf %f]/fx? g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ 101

km=3 hgd]sf] Ps aif{ gk"ub} dg]{ arrfx? g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=4 afn laafx ug]{ dflg;x? g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=5 kl/jf/df d]nldnfk g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ 102

km=6 cfkm" v"zl ug{ kfpg] g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=7 w]/} sdfo{ ug]{ g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=8 pd]/ k"u]sf %f]/fsf] sdfo{nfo{ afa"cfdfn] rfx]h:tf] ug{] g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ 103

km=9 ;a} dfg%]nfo{ a/fa/l dfgg] rng g]kfndf a(l % ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l % < 1= g]kfndf a(l % 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l % 3= p:t} p:t} % km=10 lax] gu/l a:g] cfo{dfo{ g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ km=11 v]tdf sfd ug]{ dflg;x? g]kfndf a(l %g\ ls, cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ < 1= g]kfndf a(l %g\ 2= cd]l/sfdf a(l %g\ 3= p:t} p:t} %g\ 104