EVALUATION OF BODY MORPHOLOGY AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF GOAT BREEDS IN HUNGARY NÉMETH TímeaT 1, KUKOVICS SándorS 2 1 National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom, Hungary 2 Hungarian Sheep and Goat Dairying Public Utility Association, Herceghalom, Hungary European Regional Conference on Goats (ERCG) International Goat Association (IGA) Debrecen, 8-11 April, 2014
INTRODUCTION Motivation: The majority of population were undefined, because of - unknown coat colour and external characters - lack of individual markings - not registered production yield Limited scientific information on breeding and production of Hungarian goats. The last PhD dissertation on goat breeding: Bodó, Lajos (1959): Goat breeding in Hungary (Magyarország kecsketenyésztése), Agricultural University, Gödöllő, Hungary (Agrártudományi Egyetem, Gödöllő)
INTRODUCTION The Hungarian Goat Breeders Association Since 1998: differentiation of 3 breeds based on colour of hair: Hungarian Milking White Hungarian Milking Brown Hungarian Milking Multicolour accepted by the Hungarian authority
Hungarian Milking White INTRODUCTION Hungarian Milking Brown Hungarian Milking Multicolour
INTRODUCTION Alpine Saanen
OBJECTIVES 1) What are the typical body mesurements of the goat breeds kept in Hungary? 2) What are the average milk production traits of the Hungarian breeds (daily milk yield, milking period, milk quantity, fat content, protein content, lactose content and somatic cell count)?
MATERIAL AND METHOD Number of animals examined (n) HMW HMB HMM Alpine Saanen 1) External characters 977 1244 1190 2) Body measurements 198 182 202 146 216 3) Milk production 187 203 143 4) Milk components 187 203 143 5) External characters and milk production 6) Body measurements and milk production, and efficiency 121 162 145 52 19 31 68 127 HMW: Hungarian Milking White; HMB: Hungarian Milking Brown; HMM: Hungarian Milking Multicolour 2) Body measurements: body weight, wither height, body length, thorax depth and width, pelvic width, hip width, head length, ear length and width and distance between eyes 3) Milk production: lactation length (day), lactation yield (litre), daily yield (litre); from monthly test milking 4) Milk components: individual milk samples from monthly test milkings, laboratory analysis for milk fat, protein, lactose content and somatic cell count
MATERIAL AND METHOD Statistical analysis Microsoft Access 2000; Microsoft Excel 2000 és 2007; SPSS 15.0 software - least squares means ± standard error of mean (LSM ± SEM) - Pearson correlation - Multivariate analysis of variance
RESULTS Body measurements Average body weight of does (kg) kg 60.00 50.00 40.00 46.3 56.1 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 a b a c d testsúly HMW HMB HMM Alpine Saanen
RESULTS Body measurements Average wither height and body length of does (cm) cm 76.00 74.00 72.00 70.00 68.00 66.00 64.00 64.6 67.6 69.1 73.7 62.00 60.00 58.00 a a a b c a b a cd d wither height body length HMW HMB HMM Alpine Saanen
RESULTS Body measurements Average thorax depth and width of does (cm) cm 35.00 33.00 31.00 29.00 30.5 32.2 27.00 25.00 23.00 21.00 19.00 18.0 20.6 17.00 15.00 a b a thorax depth cd d a b a c thorax width d HMW HMB HMM Alpine Saanen
RESULTS Body measurements Average pelvic width and hip width of does (cm) cm 19.50 19.00 18.50 18.00 17.50 17.00 17.4 19.0 16.50 16.00 15.50 15.9 17.7 15.00 a a b pelvic width c d a ab ac hip width d e HMW HMB HMM Alpine Saanen
RESULTS Body measurements Effects on body measurements age breed farm age*breed age*farm breed*farm body weight *** ns *** * *** ns wither height *** ns *** ns ns ns body length *** ns *** ns ns ns thorax depth *** * *** ns ** ns thorax width *** ns *** ns *** ns pelvic width *** ns *** * ** ns hip width *** * *** ns ** ns head length *** * *** ns ** * ear length ns *** ns ns ns ns ear width ns * ns ns ns ns dist. between eyes *** * *** ns ns ns *P 0.05; **P 0.01; ***P 0.001; ns=non significant
Correlation between body measurements 203 pairs of features: significant (P 0.05; P 0.01; P 0.001) Significant in all 5 breeds: wither height body length thorax depth thorax width pelvic width hip width body weight 0.34-0,51 0.55-0.72 0.49-0.67 0.42-0.78 0.48-0.78 0.42-0.75 wither height 0.35-0.56 0.26-0.47 0.22-0.43 body length 0.40-0.51 0.21-0.55 0.30-0.66 0.36-0.60 thorax depth 0.38-0.54 0.30-0.58 0.35-0.60 thorax width 0.20-0.71 0.19-0.69 pelvic width 0.48-0.79 The strongest correlation: Alpine: body weight thorax depth (r=0.66) Saanen: pelvic width hip width (r=0.79) RESULTS Body measurements 3 Hungarian breeds: significant low or medium correlation Negative correlation: Alpine: wither height thorax width (r=-0.17)
RESULTS Milk production The daily milk yield during lactation by breed litre 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 a ab b 1.3 1.2 P 0.05 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 51-80 81-110 111-140 141-170 171-200 201-230 231-260th days HMW HMB HMM
RESULTS Milk components The fat content during lactation by breed % 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 a ab b P 0.05 51-80 81-110 111-140 141-170 171-200 201-230 231-260th days HMW HMB HMM
RESULTS Milk components The protein content during lactation by breed % 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 51-80 81-110 111-140 141-170 171-200 201-230 231-260th days HMW HMB HMM
RESULTS Milk components The lactose content during lactation by breed % 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 P 0.05 a ab b P 0.05 a b b 2.0 51-80 81-110 111-140 141-170 171-200 201-230 231-260th days HMW HMB HMM
RESULTS Milk quality The somatic cell count during lactation by breed 1000 /cm3 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 51-80 81-110 111-140 141-170 171-200 201-230 231-260th days HMW HMB HMM
CONCLUSIONS Significantly different in every examined body measurements: Hungarian Milking White Saanen Hungarian Milking Brown Alpine similar measures in Hungarian breeds, but HMB is the smallest Hungarian does mated too early, without attention to full growth, therefore remained smaller and produced less milk Proposal: starting the milking period as soon as possible after the kidding, and starting the dry season after 200 days Daily milk yield: similar previous results significant differences in the last third of lactation (171-200th days) The three Hungarian breeds could be the base of a genetic experiment to find the genetic background of the differencies and/or similarities among the three breeds
EVALUATION OF BODY MORPHOLOGY AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF GOAT BREEDS IN HUNGARY Thank you for your kind attention! NÉMETH TímeaT 1, KUKOVICS SándorS 2 1 National Agricultural Research Center, Research Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Meat Science, Herceghalom, Hungary 2 Hungarian Sheep and Goat Dairying Public Utility Association, Herceghalom, Hungary European Regional Conference on Goats (ERCG) International Goat Association (IGA) Debrecen, 8-11 April, 2014