Fera list of natural hosts for Phytophthora ramorum with symptom and location Updated 15/12/2010 (see footnote) New UK/Irish hosts since February 2009 Latin name Family Common name Damage type * F D C Location(s) References Abies concolor Pinaceae White fir USA First UK record, late 2009. Abies grandis Pinaceae Grand fir USA - foliar and dieback; UK - canker and foliar (late 2009) First record, Ireland, September 2010 Abies procera Pinaceae Noble fir Ireland, outdoor. Symptoms described as 'branch dieback' Department of Agriculture, Fishereries and Food, Ireland (September, Abies magnifica Pinaceae Red fir USA Acer circinatum Aceraceae Vine maple USA Acer davidii Aceraceae Striped bark maple Acer laevigatum Aceraceae Evergreen maple UK Acer macrophyllum 1 Aceraceae Big leaf maple USA Garbelotto et al. Acer pseudoplatanus 1 Aceraceae Sycamore UK Adiantum aleuticum 1 [syn. Adiantum pedatum] Polypoidiaceae Western maidenhair fern USA Vettraino et al. (2006) Adiantum jordanii 1 Polypoidiaceae California maidenhair USA fern Aesculus californica 1 Hippocastanaceae Californian buckeye USA Garbelotto et al. Aesculus hippocastanum 1 Hippocastanaceae Horse chestnut UK Arbutus menziesii 1 Ericaceae Madrone USA Garbelotto et al. Arbutus unedo Ericaceae Strawberry tree Guernsey, Spain CSL, Arctostaphylos Ericaceae Hairy manzanita USA columbiana Arctostaphylos manzanita 1 Ericaceae Manzanita USA Garbelotto et al. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ericaceae Kinnikinnik, USA bearberry Ardisia japonica Mysinaceae Japanese ardisia, Maleberry Oct-09 Betula pendula Betulaceae Silver birch UK (October 2009) Calluna vulgaris 1 Ericaceae Heather Poland Orlikowski & Szkuta (2004) Updated with new UK and Irish, occurring since 26 February 2009. No other sources checked. (FR, UK) checked with Joan Webber (FR). Claire Sansford and Tricia Giltrap, Fera, 15 December 2010.
Nov-09 Jul-10 Apr-10 Calycanthus occidentalis Calycanthaceae Spicebush, western sweetshrub USA Camellia spp. 1 Theacae Camellia UK (nursery and, Spain, USA Beales et al. (2004b), Husson (personal communication), Pintos Varela et al., COMTF (undated), CFIA Castanea sativa 1 Fagaceae Sweet chestnut UK Denman et al. (2005) Castanopsis orthacantha Fagaceae - UK Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Rhamnaceae Blue blossom, USA Californian lilac Cercis chinensis Fabaceae Redbud Nov 2007 CFIA March 2008 Chaemaecyparis Cupressaceae Lawson's cypress UK lawsoniana (November 2009) Choisya ternata Aztec Pearl Rutaceae Mexican orange UK CSL Records (February 2008) Cinnamomum camphora Lauraceae Camphor tree UK Cinnamomum sp. Lauraceae - CFIA Clintonia andrewsiana Liliaceae Andrew s clintonia USA bead lily Cornus capitata Cornaceae Bentham s dogwood UK PHSI, CSL Records Cornus kousa Cornaceae CFIA (2008) Cornus kousa x cornus capitata Norman Cornaceae UK haddon Corylopsis spicata Hamamelidaceae Spike winter hazel CFIA Corylopsis (species to Hamamelidaceae UK Fera (July be confirmed) Corylus cornuta Betulaceae California hazelnut USA Murphy & Rizzo (2002) Cotoneaster (large leaf Rosaceae UK Fera (April variety) 1 Daphniphyllum Daphniphyllaceae CFIA glaucescens Distylium myricoides Hamamelidaceae Myrtle-leafed distylium CFIA Drimys winteri Winteraceae Winter s bark UK CSL Dryopteris arguta Dryopteridiaceae Californian wood fern, coastal woodfern USA Foliar symptoms first recorded (UK) October 2009 Eucalyptus haemastoma Myrtaceae Scribbly gum UK Euonymus kiautschovicus Celastraceae Spreading euonymus, creeping strawberry bush CFIA Fagus sylvatica 1 Fagaceae Beech UK ( Netherlands, RAPRA (undated) Page 2 of 8
Frangula californica 1 [syn. Rhamnus californica ] Frangula purshiana 1 [syn. Rhamnus purshiana] Rhamnaceae Californian coffeeberry, California buckthorn USA Garbelotto et al. Rhamnaceae Cascara USA Vettraino et al. (2006), Goheen et al. (2002b) Fraxinus excelsior 1 Oleaceae Ash UK Fraxinus latifolia Oleaceae Oregon ash USA Garrya elliptica Garryaceae Silk tassel bush UK CSL Gaultheria shallon 1 Ericaceae Salal, Oregon wintergreen Nov-09 Gaultheria procumbens Ericaceae Many, including wintergreen, UK CFIA, CSL Fera (November 2009) Griselinia littoralis 1 Cornaceae New Zealand privet UK Giltrap et al. (2006) Hamamelis mollis Hamamelidaceae Chinese witch hazel UK CSL Hamamelis virginiana 1 Hamamelidaceae Virginian witch hazel UK (nursery and outdoor) Hamamelis x intermedia (H. mollis x H. japonica) Hamamelidaceae Hybrid witch hazel Giltrap et al. (2004) Anon. (2006a) Heteromeles arbutifolia 1 Rosaceae Toyon USA Garbelotto et al. May-10 Hydrangea seemanni Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea UK (outdoors) Fera (May Ilex aquifolia Aquifoliaceae European holly UK CSL (December 2008) Dec-10 Ilex latifolia Aquifoliaceae Tarajo holly UK Fera (Dec. Ilex purpurea Aquifoliaceae Oriental holly APHIS Kalmia angustifolia Ericaceae Sheep laurel UK 2 CSL August 2009 (UK) and July 2010 (Ireland) Kalmia latifolia 1 Ericaceae Mountain laurel UK (outdoor and nursery), Slovenia Kalmia sp. Ericaceae Species not presently known Larix kaempferi 1 /Larix Pinaceae Japanese larch/larch UK ( Ireland CSL, RAPRA (undated) CFIA (August 2009) and Department of Agriculture, Fishereries and Food, Ireland (July Laurus nobilis 1 Lauraceae Bay laurel UK CSL Leucothoe axillaris Ericaceae Fetter-bush, dog hobble Leucothoe fontanesiana 1 Ericaceae Drooping leucothoe UK, CSL, Husson (personal communication) Lithocarpus densiflorus 1 Fagaceae Tanoak USA Garbelotto et al. Lithocarpus glabra Fagaceae UK CSL Records (December 2008) Page 3 of 8
Lonicera hispidula 1 Caprifoliaceae Californian honeysuckle UK 2, USA Loropetalum chinense Hamamelidaceae Loropetalum ; USA, Garbelotto et al., CSL APHIS ; Aug-09 Magnolia acuminata Magnoliaceae UK Fera (August 2009) Jun-10 Magnolia delavayi Magnoliaceae UK (outdoors) Fera (June Magnolia denudata Magnoliaceae Lily Tree ; UK CFIA ; FR Magnolia denudata x salicifolia Magnoliaceae Magnolia hybrid UK Magnolia figo (Michelia figo Magnoliaceae Banana magnolia (Banana shrub)? USA APHIS May 2008 Magnolia grandiflora 1 Magnoliaceae Magnolia UK (nursery and USA, CSL, Magnolia kobus Magnoliaceae Kobus magnolia CFIA Magnolia salicifolia Magnoliaceae Anise magnolia UK Magnolia stellata 1 Magnoliaceae Star magnolia UK (nursery and outdoor) Giltrap et al. (2006) Magnolia x loebneri 1 (M. Magnoliaceae Loebner magnolia UK (nursery Giltrap et al. kobus & M. stellata ) and outdoor) (2006) Magnolia x soulangeana (M. liliiflora x M. denudate ) Magnoliaceae Saucer magnolia UK CSL Mahonia aquifolium Berberidaceae Holly leaved barberry CFIA (Aug 2007) Oregon grape Maianthemum Liliaceae False Solomon s seal USA racemosum [syn. Smilacina racemosa] Manglietia insignis Magnoliaceae Red lotus tree APHIS Michelia cavalieri Magnoliaceae Michelia CFIA Michelia doltsopa 1 Magnoliaceae Michelia UK Michelia foveolata Magnoliaceae Michelia CFIA Michelia maudiae 1 Magnoliaceae Michelia UK ( Michelia wilsonii Magnoliaceae Michelia CSL, APHIS APHIS Nerium oleander Apocynaceae Oleander USA UK record April 2010 Nothofagus obliqua Fagaceae Roble beech UK Osmanthus decorus Oleaceae Osmanthus RAPRA (undated) Fera (April UK Page 4 of 8
Osmanthus delavayi Oleaceae Delavay osmanthus USA, UK Osmanthus fragrans Oleaceae Sweet olive USA, Osmanthus Oleaceae Holly osmanthus UK, heterophyllus 1 USA ;, CFIA CSL, Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae Sweet cicely USA Parakmeria lotungensis Magnoliaceae Eastern joy lotus tree Parrotia persica 1 Hamamelidaceae Ironwood UK ( Photinia x fraseri 1 (P. Rosaceae Fraser photinia Poland glabra x P. serrulata) Physocarpus Rosaceae Ninebark APHIS Hughes et al. (2006b), CFIA Orlikowski & Szkuta (2004) CFIA 2007 Pieris floribunda x Ericaceae Mountain andromeda USA Parke et al. (2004) japonica 1 Pieris formosa 1 Ericaceae Himalaya andromeda UK (outdoor Inman et al. and nursery) Pieris japonica x formosa 1 Ericaceae Ornamental pieris UK, USA CSL, Parke et al. (2004) First UK record, December 2009 UK record February 2010 Pieris japonica 1 Ericaceae Japanese pieris UK (nursery and, Germany Poland, USA CSL, RAPRA (undated), Husson (personal communication),or likowski & Szkuta (2004), Parke et al. (2004) Pieris sp. Ericaceae Species not presently CFIA known Pittosporum undulatum Pittosporaceae Victorian box USA Hüberli et al. (2006) Prunus laurocerasus Rosaceae Dwarf English Laurel USA,, 'Nana' UK outdoors Fera (December Prunus lusitanica Rosaceae Portuguese laurel cherry Pseudotsuga menziesii 1 Pinaceae Douglas fir USA - foliar and dieback, UK - stem canker Davidson et al. (2002) (February, Pyracantha koidzumii Rosaceae Formosa firethorn Briere et al. (2005) Quercus acuta Fagaceae Japanese evergreen oak UK Quercus agrifolia 1 Fagaceae Coast live oak USA Garbelotto et al. Quercus cerris 1 Fagaceae Turkey oak UK Quercus chrysolepis 1 Fagaceae Canyon live oak USA Murphy & Rizzo Page 5 of 8
Quercus falcata 1 Fagaceae Southern red oak UK Brasier et al. (2004a) Quercus ilex 1 Fagaceae Holm oak UK Denman et al. (2005) Quercus kelloggii 1 Fagaceae Californian black oak USA Garbelotto et al. Quercus parvula var. shrevei 1 Fagaceae Shreve oak USA Garbelotto et al. Quercus petraea Fagaceae Sessile oak UK May-10 Quercus phillyraeoides Fagaceae Ubame oak Ireland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Ireland (May, Quercus rubra Fagaceae Northern red oak Netherlands Rhododendron spp. 1 Ericaceae Rhododendron UK (nursery and Belgium, Finland, Germany Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands Norway ( Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,,, USA outdoor) CSL, De Merlier et al., RAPRA (undated), Husson (personal communication), Cahalane (2004), Gullino et al., de Gruyter & Steeghs (2006), Orlikowski & Szkuta (2002), Žerjav et al. (2004), Morajelo & Werres (2002), Goheen et al. (2002a), Anon. (2006a), COMTF (undated), Garbelotto et al. Jun-09 Ribes laurifolium Grossulariaceae UK CSL Feb 2008 Rosa gymnocarpa 1 Rosaceae Californian wood rose USA Hüberli et al. (2004) Rosa rugosa Rosaceae Rugosa rose APHIS Rosa spp. (several Rosaceae Rose APHIS different cultivars) Rubus spectabilis Rosaceae Salmonberry USA Goheen et al. (2002b) Salix caprea 1 Salicaceae Goat willow/sallow UK 2 CSL Sarcococca hookeriana var. dignya Buxaceae Himalyan sweet box UK (outdoors) SASA (June 2009) Page 6 of 8
Schima argentea Theacae - UK Schima wallichii Theacae Chinese guger tree UK CSL ; Aug-08 Sequoia sempervirens 1 Taxodiaceae Coast redwood USA ( UK Syringa sp. Oleaceae Not identified to species level Maloney et al. (2002), CSL (Aug-08) CFIA, Husson (personal communication) Syringa vulgaris 1 Oleaceae Lilac UK (outdoor Beales et al. and nursery) (2004a) Taxus baccata 1 Taxaceae Yew UK Lane et al. (2004) Taxus brevifolia Taxaceae Pacific yew USA Taxus sp. Taxaceae, Taxus x media(t. baccata x T. cuspidata) Taxaceae Anglojap yew Netherlands CFIA, Husson (personal communication) de Gruyter & Steeghs (2006) Torreya california Taxaceae California nutmeg USA Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardaceae Pacific poison oak USA Rizzo Sep-09 Tsuga heterophylla Pinaceae Western hemlock UK (September 2009) Trientalis latifolia 1 Primulaceae Western star flower USA Hüberli et al. Umbellularia californica 1 Lauraceae Californian bay laurel UK ( USA CSL, Garbelotto et al. Nov-10 Vaccinium intermedium Ericaceae UK Fera (November Vaccinium ovatum 1 Ericaceae Californian huckleberry USA Garbelotto et al., Goheen et al. (2002a) Jan-09 Vaccinium myrtillus Ericaceae Bilberry UK CSL (woodland Jan.09) Found on open heathland for the first time in Nov. 2010 (Fera ) Oct-08 Vaccinium vitis-idaea Ericaceae Cowberry UK CSL (Oct. 2008) Vancouveria planipetala Berberidaceae Redwood ivy USA Page 7 of 8
Viburnum spp. 1 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum UK (nursery and Belgium, the Czech Republic,, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway ( Slovenia Spain, Switzerland, USA,. Lane et al., Cahalane (2004), De Merlier et al., Běhalová (2006), Werres et al. (2001),Pintos Varela et al. (2004), Žerjav et al. (2004), Heiniger et al. (2004), RAPRA (undated),, Anon. (2006a) Parke et al. (2004). * F = Ramorum leaf blight (including petiole), D = Ramorum dieback, C = Ramorum canker 1 Koch s postulates have been successfully completed for this host. NB Koch s postulates for Gaultheria shallon could only be completed on wounded leaves on the whole plant. 2 These refer to interceptions on nursery stock where the information has been recorded. The country given is where the infected plant was found but the plants were originally grown in another country that is not named in this list. Page 8 of 8