Update on Citrus Integrated Pest Management Texas citrus mite Mites Citrus red mite David Kerns University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center Yuma, AZ Two-spotted spider mite Yuma spider mite Citrus flat mite Texas Citrus Mite Favors cool low humidity conditions. Occurs most years. Most common from Feruary until June. Large mite, males have very long legs. Feeds on upper leaf surface; occasionally the fruit. Do not produce weing. Eutetranychus anksi Foliar feeding causes stippling and leaf discoloration. High populations can cause leaf ascission. Under high populations they will often infest and feed on the fruit causing rind scarring. Control Sustained temperatures aove 1 o F will quickly reduce Texas citrus mite populations. An entomogeneous fungi, Neozygites floridana, commonly causes epizootics. Proaly not necessary to treat populations relegated to the leaves Foliar mites in Florida, 1 mites per leaf threshold. Arizona, 1% infested fruit. Favors cool low humidity conditions. Usually not common. Most common from Feruary until June; sometimes in the fall. Fairly large mite with a velvet red ody and prominent long reddish ristles on tuercles. Feeds on upper leaf surface; occasionally the fruit. Do not produce weing. Citrus Red Mite Panonychus citri 1
Foliar feeding causes pale stippling and leaf discoloration. High populations can cause leaf ascission. Under high populations they will often infest and feed on the fruit causing rind silvering and scarring. Control Sustained temperatures aove 1 o F will quickly reduce citrus red mite populations. An entomogeneous fungi commonly causes epizootics following rain events. Proaly not necessary to treat populations relegated to the leaves Foliar mites in Florida, 1 mites per leaf threshold. Arizona, 1% infested fruit. Heat tolerant mite. Common every year. Most aundant from July through Septemer, ut can e found almost year round. Very small mites; the immature mites are right red. Found on the leaves, ut prefer the fruit. Do not produce weing. Citrus Flat Mite Brevipalpus lewisi Citrus flat mite prefers to feed on the fruit in locations where some sort of damage has already occurred; spreading the damage. to fruit less than 1 inch in diameter is very similar to citrus thrips. Feeding y citrus flat mite tends to e more irregular in shape than thrips damage. to fruit 1 to 2 inches causes a rownish, corky and sca like appearance. to larger fruit will appear similar, ut may not e evident until the fruit has een fumigated. Control Miticides maye necessary when 1% of the fruit less than 1 inch in diameter is infested. Or when fruit 1 to 2 inches in diameter average 3 to mites per fruit. Or when larger fruit averages 2 mites per fruit. Twospotted Spider Mite Very heat tolerant. Occasionally prolematic. Most frequent in August and Septemer. Feed primarily on the undersides of leaves ut higher populations can e found on the tops and on the fruit (usually etween fruit clusters). Produce a profuse amount of weing. Similar in appearance to the Yuma mite, ut generally more greenish in color with translucent eggs. Tetranychus urticae 2
Foliar feeding causes yellow speckling and leaf reddening. High populations can cause leaf ascission which is most severe in groves suffering heat and water stress. Under high populations they will often infest and feed on the fruit causing russetting or rown scaing to the rind. Control Proaly not necessary to treat populations relegated to the leaves Foliar mites in Florida, 1 mites per leaf threshold. Arizona 1% the fruit less than 1 inch in diameter is infested. When larger fruit averages 3 to mites per fruit. Yuma Spider Mite Eotetranychus yumensis Favors warm, dry, dusty conditions. Common most years. Most aundant from January through June, ut can often e found in July, and in the fall. Omnivorous and will feed on plants and other arthropods. Prefers to feed on the underside of leaves and produces a light weing. Difficult to distinguish from the two-spotted mite, ut is usually more pinkish and has peach- colored eggs. Foliar feeding causes pale stippling and leaf discoloration. High populations can cause leaf ascission. Under high populations they will often infest and feed on the fruit causing rind pitting and scarring. Yuma Spider Mite Recommendations Ignore or conserve them when relegated to the leaves. Predaceous hait far outweighs minor leaf damage. Mature citrus can withstand a great deal of foliar damage. Treat with a miticide when they move to the fruit in significant numers. Foliar mites in Florida, 1 mites per leaf threshold. Arizona 1% the fruit less than 1 inch in diameter is infested. When larger fruit averages 3 to mites per fruit. Chemical Control of Mites Texas Citrus Mites / 2 leaves 2 1 1 c c c c c c c c a 3 DAT 6 DAT 11 DAT a a O-177 Agri-Mek Danitol Envidor Kanemite Kelthane Microthiol Nexter Vendex 3
Citrus Thrips Research Pyrethroid Use Use only in early Spring. Do not use when temperatures exceed 9 o F. Application #1 Danitol 21oz Baythroid 6.4 oz Dimeth.. 2 ls-ai Carzol 1.2 ls Surround 3 ls Rotation Test, 23 Application #2 Carzol 1.2 ls Surround 3 ls Application #3 Carzol 1.2 ls Carzol 1.2 ls Carzol 1.2 ls Surround 3 ls % infested fruit 3 2 2 1 1 Rotation Test, 23 * Success *Surround *Carzol *Success *Success *Carzol Danitol Baythroid Dimethoate Success Carzol Surround //3 /19/3 6/2/3 6/16/3 6/3/3 Pyrethroid Efficacy 23 Predaceous Mites % infested fruit 4 3 2 Danitol Baythroid Zeta-cyper(L) Zeta-cyper(H) Success 1 //3 /19/3 6/2/3 6/16/3 6/3/3 Tydeus sp. 4
Yuma Spider Mite Yuma Spider Mite New Pyrethroid Recommendations Use only one application of any pyrethroid per season. Use Danitol for thrips control only when mites are also prolematic. Use Baytrhoid when targeting only thrips. New Thrips Control Methods Experimental Insecticides Name Chemical MOA Rates Hexacide S-1812 Las- 14-F1 Rosemary Octopamine 2 ls-ai ai/ac oil neuroreceptor Pyridanil Not reported inh. Not reported Feeding paralysis.1,.2 &.3 ls-ai ai/ac 2 & 4 g-ai/ha Experimentals Test Particle Films % infested fruit 2 2 1 1 Hexicide S-1812(L) S-1812(M) S-1812(H) Las-14(L) Las-14(H) Success //3 /19/3 6/2/3 6/16/3 6/3/3
Particle Films vs Standard, 22 12 1 1 Surround ls/ac, 2 Snow 8 ls/ac, 3 Baythroid 6.4oz/ac 4 Danitol 21 oz/ac, Success 8oz/ac 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1+4, 2+4, 4 1" fruit Surround Snow Standard 3 2 Particle Films 1st Harvest, #9 Strip Harvest % infested fruit 8 6 4 Bins per acre 2 1 1 2 4/1/2 4/1/2 4/29/2 /13/2 /27/2 6/1/2 6/24/2 7/8/2 7/22/2 Snow Surround Standard Woolly Whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccocus) Foliar Insecticides Treatment Esteem Provado Applaud Danitol + Dimethoate Foliar WWF Test Rate 1 oz/ac 19 oz/ac. ls/ac 16 oz/ac + 2 ls-ai ai/ac Eggs per leaf 6 4 3 2 1 Impact on Eggs Esteem 1oz Applaud. ls Provado 19oz Dan 16oz + Dim 2 LAA 8/18/3 8/2/3 9/1/3 9/8/3 9/1/3 9/22/3 6
Impact on Nymphs Impact on Eclosed Pupae Nymphs per leaf 3 3 2 2 1 1 Esteem 1oz Applaud. ls Provado 19oz Dan 16oz + Dim 2 LAA Eclosed pupae per leaf 12 1 8 6 4 Esteem 1oz Applaud. ls Provado 19oz Dan 16oz + Dim 2 LAA 2 8/18/3 8/2/3 9/1/3 9/8/3 9/1/3 9/22/3 8/18/3 8/2/3 9/1/3 9/8/3 9/1/3 9/22/3 Admire for Woolly Whitefly Impact on Adults 6 Adm-16oz Adm-32oz Adults per leaf 4 3 2 Injected 6/23/3 1 Admire at 16 & 32 oz/ac injected 8 inches at 9 gal/ac volume pre 23 3 38 44 8 64 71 78 84 DAT Impact on Eggs Impact on Nymphs 4 Adm-16oz Adm-32oz 1 8 Injected 6/23/3 Adm-16oz Adm-32oz Eggs per leaf 3 2 Injected 6/23/3 Nymphs per leaf 6 4 1 2 pre 23 3 38 44 8 64 71 78 84 DAT pre 23 3 38 44 8 64 71 78 84 DAT 7
Impact on Eclosed Pupae Eclosed pupae per leaf 6 4 3 2 1 Adm-16oz Adm-32oz Injected 6/23/3 Woolly Whitefly / Citrus Thrips Population Dynamics Woolly whitefly emergence 6 4 3 2 1 Woolly whitefly Citrus thrips 4 3 2 1 Citrus thrips per plate pre 23 3 38 44 8 64 71 78 84 J F M A M J J A S O N D DAT Key to WWF Management is Biocontrol There are a numer of naturally occurring parasitoids that prey on WWF in Arizona. An Eretmocerus sp. appears to e the primary parasitoid, and appears to e key to sustainale WWF management. A numer of predators Eretmocerous sp. including lacewings and mites have een oserved feeding on WWF. Insecticide Choices Current recommendations for woolly whitefly management Spring use oils to suppress WWF populations. avoid harsh insecticides for thrips when WWFs are present, ie use Success. Summer primarily adults present - use Provado or Danitol / OP tank mixes (hard on eneficials). when large numers of immatures egin to appear, use Esteem or Applaud. Use only ground applications. On large trees or tight groves, use high spray volumes 2-4 gpa. Woolly whitefly emergence 6 Woolly whitefly Citrus thrips 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 J F M A M J J A S O N D Citrus thrips per plate Citrus Mealyug Management 8
Traditional Control Mealyug Test Lorsan Supracide Treatment Applaud 1 application Applaud 1 application Applaud 2 applications Rate 1 ls/ac 2 ls/ac 1 ls/ac Interfere with natural control Anagraphus sp. Applaud 2 applications 2 ls/ac Mealyugs per fruit 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 Applaud Efficacy ** ** Applaud 1 ls Applaud 2 ls Applaud 1 ls-2 Applaud 2 ls-2 4 2 6/16/3 6/3/3 7/14/3 7/28/3 8/11/3 8/2/3 9