;/sf/l lgzfg 5fkd} sfnfkfgl ufoa

qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu @)&% @ g+= ebf} k b]zn] @% ut] a'emfof] ;f]daf/ 1fkg kq k"0ff{ª\s!!! Monday, Sept. 10, 2018 k[i7 * d"no?=!). ;/sf/l lgzfg 5fkd} sfnfkfgl ufoa ju{b[li6 ;+jfbbftf sf7df8f}+. jiff}{b]lv sfnfkfgl If]qnfO{ sahf ug{ k otg ub}{ cfpsf] ef/tn] sfnfkfglb]lv lnk'n]s, t'n;l e~hofª, gfel, 8f8', u'~hl, gfal, s'6l, lgxfn, ljn;f / lndklofw'/f;ddsf] em08} #&))) b]hdf]sf] sf:slsf] ;Dd]ng ejotfk"j{s ;DkGg /fh]gb ;'j]bl kf]v/f. b]zeqm hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{, g]kfn sf:slsf] k yd lhnnf ;Dd]ng cfotaf/ ejotfk"j{s ;DkGg epsf] 5. kf]v/fsf] cd/l;+x rf]saf6 lg:s]sf] df]rf{sf] ofnl nvg rf]s x'fb} gu/kl/qmdf u/]/ sflgtk'/ kf6l{ Kofn];df k'u]/ ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf kl/0ft epsf] lyof]. ;Dd]ngsf k d'v cltly tyf df]rf{sf s]gb Lo cwoif ;LkL uh'/]nn] pb\3f6g u/]sf] pqm ;Dd]ngdf :yfglo hgtf;lxt sl/a @ xhf/ hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof]. pb\3f6g ;qnfo{ cwoif uh'/]nn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ jt{dfg cf]nl ;/sf/n] /fi6«3ftl / hg3ftl sfdx Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ upsf]n] of] bnfn ;/sf/sf lj?4 ;+3if{ clgjfo{ agb} upsf] ljrf/ JoQm u/]. ;Dd]ngdf b]zeqm hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{, g]kfnsf s]gb Lo sof{no ;b:o tyf $ g+= ;+of]hs s]zaxfb'/ kl/of/, g]skf -qmflgtsf/l ===affsl ^ k]hdf ;'v]{t. qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu, g]kfn s0ff{nl k b]zn] k b]z ;b/d'sfd ;'v]{tdf o'jf dfr{kf; ;DkGg u/]sf] 5. dfr{kf; d+unu9laf6 ;'? eo{ ahf/sf] lkkn rf}tf/ldf k'u]/ ;efdf kl/0ft epsf] lyof]. a]/f]huf/ o'jfx nfo{ /f]huf/l b], xf]og eg] a]/f]huf/ eqf b]nufotsf gf/f;lxt ;}of}+ o'jfx sf] ;xeflutfdf ul/psf] dfr{kf;nfo{ g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_sf :yfol ;ldlt ;b:o tyf b]zeqm hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{, g]kfnsf s]gb Lo ;lrj kl/ yfkfn] x]s6/;ddsf] e"efu cfkm\gf] clwg:y kf/]sf] gs;f clxn] g]kfnl ahf/df 5\K5\ofKtL kfl/psf] 5. olt 7"nf] b]zsf] ;Ldf ldlrpsf] ;xg ;lsggú sf7df8f}+. b]zest hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{ g]kfnn] sfnfkfgl nufot #&@ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ g]kfnl e"efu g]kfnnfo{ t'/gt lkmtf{ ug{ r]tfjgl lb+b} zlgjf/ Ps lj1lkt hf/l u/]sf] 5. df]rf{sf s]gb Lo cwoif ;LkL uh'/]nåf/f x:tfifl/t tyf k ]l;t pst lj1lktdf pst s'/f hgfopsf] xf]. ef/tn] w]/} klxn]b]lv ldrb} / cfkm\gf] ;]gf /fvb} cfpsf] bfr'{nfsf] sfnfkfgl lkmtf{sf nflu nfdf] ===affsl ^ k]hdf qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu s0ff{nlsf] ;'v]{tdf dfr{kf; ;Daf]wg u/]sf lyp. o'jfx sf] dfr{kf;nfo{ qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnusf s]gb Lo cwoif cdl/ dxh{g / cg]d;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ s]; sdnf rgbn] klg ;Daf]wg u/]sl lyog. o'jf g]tf v8fgb nfld5fg]n] ;~rfng u/]sf] dfr{kf; sfo{qmddf qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfblsf s]; tyf s0ff{nl k b]z sfjf ;lrj rqmkfl0f zdf{, kf6l{ s];x s[i0f u'?ª, blks zfxl, qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnusf s]gb Lo cwoif cdl/ dxh{g nufotsf g]tfx sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof]. dfr{kf;;lxt k b]z g+=! sf] qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnun] a'emfof] dfukq sf7df8f}+. b]zsf] :jfwlgtf / hgtfsf] :jfledfg /Iffsf nflu qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu g]kfnn] k b]z gda/! sf d'vodgql z]/wg /fo{;dif!$ a'fb] 1fkg kq a'emfpsf] 5. k b]z gda/! sf qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu g]kfnsf ;+of]hs /ljg lndj'sf] g]t[tjdf d'vodgqlsf] sfof{no la/f6 gu/df k'u]/ pst 1fkg kq a'emfopsf] xf]. k b]z gda/! sf d'vo dgqlnfo{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ a'emfopsf] 1fkg kqdf b]zsf] lgs} ;+s6k"0f{ jt{dfg cj:yfsf] ===affsl ^ k]hdf qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl slknj:t'sf] clwj]zg ;DkGg slknj:t'. g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ slknj:t'sf] lhnnf clwj]zg ;DkGg epsf] 5. clwj]zgn] cfsfzsf] g]t[tjdf @% ;b:olo lhnnf sldl6 lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5. k fkt ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lhnnfsf] xtf];f sf}jf3f6df ;DkGg epsf] clwj]zgdf qmfflgtsf/l dfcf]jfblsf kf]ln6jo"/f] ;b:o tyf % g+= k b]zsf sfjf ;lrj elif0fsf] k d'v cfltyotf /x]sf] lyof] eg] kf6l{ s];x ;dl/ / 7"NbfO{sf] ljz]if cfltyotf /x]sf] lyof]. clwj]zgkl5 a;]sf] lhnnf sldl6sf] a}7sn] @% ebf}af6 ;'? x'g] k sfzg cleofgnufotsf sfo{qmdnfo{ k efjsf/l kdf ;~rfng ug] { lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. o;}alr, % g+= k b]zsf] affs] / alb{of lhnnfsf] ;+o'qm k lzif0f @% ebf}+df x'g] epsf] 5. ;Dd]ngsf] tof/l k"/f epsf] lhnnfsf g]tfx n] hgfpsf 5g\. /fd k'gn] ;~rfng u/]sf] ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6g ;q ;df/f]xsf] cwoiftf lji0f' /fgfn] u/]sf lyp eg] ;Dd]ngnfO{ :jfut ef]h/fh lqkf7ln] u/]sf lyp. g]kfnl e"efu ef/tlo gs;fdf kfl/psf] k s/0fdf df}g cf]nl ;/sf/ cfkm}n] tl gs;fx k of]u u/]sf tyox aflxl/pkl5 clxn] g]kfnl /fli6«otfdfly udel/ if8\ogq eo/x]sf] v'nf;f epsf] 5. of] v'nf;f;fu} pqm g]kfnl e"ld ef/tlo zf;sju{n] g]kfnl zf;sx s} ;xdltdf g} cfkm\gf] clwg:y kf/]sf] xf] ls egg] udel/ cfz+sf ptkgg epsf] 5. o;} ljifodf s]xl ef/t lgs6 dflgg] g]kfnl lj1x n] ;d]t sfnfkfgl If]q / ;':tf ef/tn] s'g} klg xfntdf g]kfnnfo{ lkmtf{ gug]{ / To;sf] ; f cs}{ e"efu g]kfnn] lnp/ ;f6f;f6 ug'{kg]{ wf/0ffx ;d]t ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]sf] k[i7e"ldsf gs;f k sf/0fnfo{ x]bf{ g]kfnl /fli6«otf tyf ;fj{ef}ldstfdfly udel/ if8\ogq eo/x]sf] k i6 x'g hfg5. sfnfkfgl If]q ufoa kfl/psf] gs;f g]kfnsf] ;/sf/n] k of]u ub}{ cfpsf] gfkl ljefun] k'li6 ul/;s]sf] 5. ljefus} cflwsfl/s gs;fdf klg jiff}{+b]lv lnldkofw'/f ufoa kfl/psf] kfopsf] 5. o;n] g]kfnsf] cfsf/nfo{ sl/a # ;o!) ju{ lsnf]ld6/ v'drofpg k'u]sf] lj1x n] l6kk0fl u/]sf 5g\ / ;j{q clxn] gssnl gs;fsf] lj/f]w eo/x]sf] 5. oxff;dd ls /fhosf] cflwsfl/s lg;fg 5fksf] gs;fdf ;d]t sfnfkfgl If]q ufoa kfl/psf] 5. ; f]tsf cg';f/ ef/tn] sfnfkfgl If]q ufoa kfl/psf gs;fx agfp/ g]kfnl ahf/df ljqml ljt/0fsf nflu k7fpsf] 5. ;xh kx'fr / ;:tf]sf sf/0f ef/tdf ag]sf gs;f g]kfndf 5\ofk5\ofKtL kfl/psf] 5. ;Ldfljb\ a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7sf] bfjl 5 ef/tn] lgotjz sfnfkfgl If]q x6fpsf] gs;f agfp/ g]kfnl ahf/df k7fpsf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sdhf]/lsf sf/0f lgof]lht kdf ef/tn] sfnfkfgl / lnk'n]s x6fpsf] gs;f k7fpsf] xf].ú ;/sf/sf] gs;f agfpg] cflwsfl/s lgsfo gfkl ljefu xf]. gs;f agfpg] / 5fKg] sfddf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clgjfo{ cg'dlt lng'kg]{ Joj:yf 5. ;xdlt / cg'dlt glno{ b]zsf] ;fdl/s e" efu g} gepsf] gs;f 5\ofk5\ofKtL k of]u x'g] cj:yf lgdtg' /fhosf] udel/ sdhf]/l / /fli6«otfdflysf] udel/ ===affsl * k]hdf if8\ogq epsf] ;Ldf lj1x n] 7x/ u/]sf ck{0fsf] cwoiftfdf a;]sf] lyof]. dfs;{jfb / j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtsf] k Zg d]l;gn] :jod\ k s[ltsf zlqmx dfly dflg;sf] ljhosf] k ltlglwtj ub{5ú sfn{ dfs;{!_ cfw'lgs j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgt gjdfs;{jfblx n] cfw'lgs j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn], h:tf] ls :jrfng, sdko'6/ k ljlwsf] ljsf;, afxo cgtl/ifdf x:tif]k k of;, kf/df0fljs tyf cgo j}1flgs phf{ ljsf;, cflbn] ptkfbg k lqmofdf dflg;sf] e"ldsfnfo{ lj:yflkt u/]sf] sf/0faf6 ptkfbgsf] k ToIf stf{af6 ca dflg;nfo{ ;fdfgotm k fljlws k s[ofsf] Pp6f lgogqsdf kfgtl/t u/]sf] s'/fdf hf]8lb+b} dfgj >d / >ldsju{sf] e"ldsfnfo{ gsf/]sf 5g\. pglx n] j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtnfo{ k fyfldstfdf /fv]sf sf/0fn] s] bfjl u/]sf 5g\ eg] sfn{ qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl b}n]vsf] lhnnf clwj]zg ;DkGg b}n]v. g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ lhnnf ;+u7g ;ldlt b}n]vsf] k yd lhnnf clwj]zg b}n]vsf] tnnf] 8'ª\u]Zj/df ebf} @) / @! ut] ;DkGg epsf] ;dfrf/ k fkt epsf] 5. ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf ;'b[9ls/0f cleofgcgtu{t b}n]v lhnnf ;+u7g ;ldltn] of] clwj] zg ;DkGg u/]sf] xf]. ;DkGg clwj]zgn] #! ;b:olo lhnnf ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5. lhnnf ;ldltsf] rogkl5 a;]sf] klxnf] a}7saf6 ;j{;ddltn] s= r]tgnfo{ ;lrjdf lgjf{lrt u/]sf] 5. k yd lhnnf clwj]zgsf] pb\3f6g sfo{qmdnfo{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k d'v cltly sd/]8 kl/ yfkfn] ;dfhdf epsf JofKt e i6rf/, sld;gvf]/, anftsf/ cflbsf af/]df k sfz kfb}{ jt{dfg bnfn ;/sf/sf] hglj/f]wl rl/q pbf+uf] kf/]sf lyp. To;} ===affsl ^ k]hdf j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn] ptkfbs zlqmx sf], lj1fg tyf k ljlwsf] j}1flgs ljsf;sf] nflu ;Ldflxg ;+efjgfx vflnlbpsf] 5. t/ ljsl;t k'fhljfbl b]zx df o;n] Jofks a]/f]huf/l, s/f]8f}nfo{ a]sf/ s+ufnl / cefjlt/ ws]lnlbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 dfs;{n] k ltkfbg u/]sf] cf}bf]lus k'fhljfbn] hgdfpsf] cltl/qm d"nosf] l;4fgt cj e"tsflng cwoogsf] ljifodfq x'g k'u]sf] 5. s] j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn] u/]sf] t'kmfgl k ult dflg;sf] k ult hgsk'/. g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ lgs6 qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu, g]kfn @ g+= k b]zn] d'vodgqlnfo{ 1fkg kq a'emfpsf] 5. lnusf @ g+= k b]zsf ;+of]hs u+uf dxtf]sf] g]t[tjdf upsf ;of}+ o'jfx n] a]/f]huf/ o'jfx nfo{ /f]huf/l b], gq a]/f]huf/ eqf b] egb} #$ a' Fb] 1fkg kq a'emfpsf x'g\. hgsk'/sf] uf]kfn wd{zfnfaf6 lg:s]sf] qmflgtsf/l o'jfx sf] dfr{kf;;lxtsf] ofnl lzj rf]s, efg' rf]s x' Fb} d'vodgqlsf] sfof{nodf 1fkg kq a'emfp/ lk8f/l ;Ltf/fd tfdfª xf] of xf]og < of] qmflgtn] dflg;nfo{ p;sf] pkfë agfpg] vt/f 5 of of] qmflgtsf] lg/gt/tf;fu dflg;sf] AolQmTjsf] kl/isf/ tyf ;j{fu0f ljsf; sf] klg lg/gt/tf /xg]5 < oxl ljifodf oxff 5nkmn s]lgb t rf]sdf cfp/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft epsf] lyof]. o'jf g]tf ggb' emfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] sf]0f;efnfo{ g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_sf lkljpd s[i0fb]j l;+x bg'jf/, s]; lht]gb l;+x nufotsf g]tfx n] @ g+= k b]zdf epsf] a]/f]huf/ o'jfx sf] cj:yf / pglx nfo{ /f]huf/lsf] Uof/]G6L ;/sf/n] ug' {kg]{ / gep a]/f]huf/ eqf lbg'kg]{ ljrf/ /fvb} To;sf lgldt qmflgtsf/l o'jfx h:tf];'s} ;+3if{ klg ug{ klg kl5 gkg]{ atfpsf lyp. ;Ldf /Iffsf nflu ;ª\3if{ cfjzosú sf7df8f}+. b]zsf] ;Ldf ;'/Iff tyf /fli6«o :jfwlgtf /Iffsf nflu ;ª\3if{sf] tof/l ug{ l;ªuf] kf6l{kª\lst / cfd hg;d'bfonfo{ g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ n] ljz]if cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5. ef/tlo ;'/IfsdL{x af6 lbgfg'lbg ;Ldf cltqmd0f eo/x]sf], ;LdfIf]qdf /x]sf cfd g]kfnl hgtf ;Ldf cltqmd0fsf lj?4 nl8/x]sf / lnldkofw'/f tyf sfnfkfgl g]kfnsf] gs;faf6 x6fo{ / x6fpg nufo{ g]kfnsf k zf;g ===affsl ^ k]hdf qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl kgb]xlsf] ;lrjdf dl0f lgjf{lrt a'6jn. g]kfn sdo'lg:6 kf6l{ -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ lhnnf ;ldlt, kgb]xlsf] k yd lhnnf clwj]zgn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf] sfo{;ldltsf] k yd a}7sn] lhnnf ;]qm]6/ldf d0flnfo{ rog u/]sf] 5. a}7sn] d0fl,s'df/,l;kfn',zqml / /f]lxt /x]sf] kffr ;b:olo lhnnf ;lrjfno rog u/]sf] xf]. a}7sn] ;b:ox df qmdzm ck{0f, Hjfnf, pbo, zlif, O:nfd, ufpn], cl;d, o'4, ljz]if, ch/fh, k[yjl, ;To /xg'epsf] 5. a}7sn] lhnnf ;Nnfxsf/df qmdzmanb]j,lxdfn,cho / lrqfnfo{ rog u/]sf] 5. a}7sn] ef]nlaf6 Ps dlxg] klqsf au{b[6l u fxs cleofg ;~rfng ug{ ] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. kf6l{n] ebf} @% b]lv c;f]h @% ;Dd Ps dlxg] u fxs cleofg ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] xf]. a}7sdf kf6l{sf lkljpd leif0f,k df]b,s]gb Lo ;b:o lhj/fh,k b]z ;b:o afa' \/fd nufot] af]nb} + kf6l{n] cufl8 ;f/]sf ;+3if{,;+u7g ;'b[9ls/0f cleofgdf nfug lhnnf g]t[tjnfo{ lgb{ ]zg lbpsf lyp. a}7s h]i7 ;b:o ul/g]5. @_ s] xf] j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgt < Ps ljvoft ;dfhzf:ql u]ggfbl dfl/gsf]sf] cg';f/ dfgjhfltsf] cl:ttjnfo{ ljut krf; xhf/ aif{ dfgg] / To;nfO{ k':tfsf] ;+Vofn] gfkg] xf] eg] -h:sf] hljgcjlw ^@ aif{ xf]_ Ps rfvnfubf] / /f]d~rsf/l tl:j/ xfd f] ;fd'gg] pleg5. o:tf] k':tfsf] ;+Vof sl/a *)) dflgg5. ltdwo ^%) k':tf u'kmfdf a;]sf lyp. s]jn &) k':tfn] dfq lnlksf] k of]u u/], ^ k':tfn] d'lb t zjbx sf] / clgtd @ k':tfn] ljb't df]6/sf] 1fg k fkt u/]. cfh ljbdfg clwst/ ef}lts tyf cfltds d"nosf] l;h{gf jt{dfg k':tfs} hljgsfndf g} epsf]5 -j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgt,!(*(ù df:sf] M k ult k sfzg -c+u ]hl_. Toltdfq gep/ j}1flgs ===affsl & k]hdf

@ ljrf/ lrlgoff ;fd'lb s agb/ufx g]kfnsf nflu v'nf rlgn] g]kfnsf nflu cfkm\gf ;fd'lb s agb/ufx v'nf ul/lbpsf] 5. 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To; cltl/st g]kfnl 9fsf sk8f, kl:dgf tyf un}+rf lgof{tdf klg ef/tn] lgs} b'mv lbg] ul//x]sfn] ca lrlgoff agb/ufx o;sf nflu ;xh / ;'ljwfhgs bj} x'g] b]lvg5. n]vsx df cg'/f]w!= o; ju{b[li6 tyf d"naf6f] 86sdsf nflu n]v /rgf k7fpfbf Ps xhf/ zabdf ga9fosg cfˆgf] n]v /rgf k7folbg' x'g, @= sdko'6/ 6fOk u/l k7fpfbf z'qmaf/;dd / x:tlnlvt k7fpfbf a'waf/;dd klqsfsf] sfof{nodf jf Od]ndf k7folbg' x'g, #= ;s];dd 5f]6f / ;/n jfso k of]u ul/lbg' x'g xflb{s cg'/f]w 5. ;Dkfbg ljefu, ju{b[li6 ldl8of kl/jt{gsf] ;Djfxs ;TotYo lgikif va/ tyf ljrf/sf nflu ;w}f x]g]{ / k9\g] u/f}f. www.moolbato.com ;d[l4 sd{n] cfpg] xf], s'/fn] xf]og hgo'4sf] pknlaw, Oltxf;, cfbz{ ;a} df6f]df ldnof]. zxlb, a]kqf, 3fOt], ckfª\u / la:yflktx sf] larnnl eof]. ls;fg / >dhljl, hgo'4sf k"j{ ;]gf, n8fs' / 5fkfdf/ cflbsf] p8fof] ;kgf ;a} x'/ln]ú egl htf;'s} rrf{ x'g5g\. hgo'4 /IffTds cj:yfdf k'u]/ zflgt k lqmofdf cf]ln{g k/] klg To;sf sdf08/x / rfnsx e i6 geolbpsf] ep zlqm, P]Zjo{, b]x / cftd/iffdf ktg geolbpsf] ep cfgbf]ng / o'4sf] slt 7"nf] ul/df /lx/fvg] lyof]. of] klg hgtfsf dfemdf oqtq kl/rrf{ x'g5. ck Toflzt kn] qmflgtsf/l / ;+zf]wgjfbl 7"N7"nf kf6l{x sf] nuguff7f] sl;p klg ltgn] lglb{i6 u/]sf ;d[l4, l:y/tf / zflgtsf ;ª\sNkx n] 9f]+u / wfsx af6 km8\sf] df/]/ sd{x df kl/jlt{t x'g] eolbpsf] ep hgtfsf b'mv / a]bgfx x/fpg] t lyp. tl klg 5nkmn x'g5g\. ol 6]Dkf]sf 8fOe/x af]oªsf kfon6 / sf] kfon6 epkl5 af]oª p8fpg gnfu]/ lsg lqe'jg Po/kf]6{df ygsofpf5g\ eg]/ cfqmf]z, c;gt'li6 / lj/f]wsf :j/x klg 5ofK5ofKtL pln{psf ;'lgg5g\. gful/sx s'ln{g5g\\. kfon6n] pvfg6'ssf / Joª\Uoljgf]b 36fP/ dfq x'fb}g, cl3 a9fpsf udel/ s'/fx df k lt1fsf] v]tl ug{;sg' k5{. sf]kfon6n] k6s k6s e/tk'/sf] dfnfwf/lú df k'u]/ /ftfdo} x'g] / s'07fú 5f]Kg] dfq xf]og, ;d[l4 /f]kg]lt/ cu ;/ x'g'k5{. ;f]emf / ef]nfefnf u[xdgql yfkfdu/n] rf]/ cf}+nf] p7fp/ oftfoft l;lg8s]6 / sldzg, larf}lnof / cft+s u'08fubl{sf l;lg8s]6x ;dfkt ug]{ s'/f aff8]. t/ oftfoft l;lg8s]6 tf]8]sf] lg0f{o lsg s]/sf/ u/l d]l6of] < pgsf] d'v kfon6 / sf]kfon6n] lsg y'g] < pgl d'v gvf]nl jf krkrtl gafeml lsg lg/lx ep/ al;/x] < cfkm\gf] lgi7fsf] To:tf] ckdfg epkl5 klg nfrf/ ep/ al;/xg'sf] k5fl8 s'g :jfy{ 5 < k5f}8] hghfltsf 5f]/f, d'vdf lsg a'hf] nfu]sf] 5. pgl lsg d'v kmf]b}{gg\ < pgn] vfg] bfnd] s'5 sfnf x}ú. df];f], ufhn jf cnsqf < c? hf] OdfGbf/ / ;+3if{zLn k ltt x'g] g]tf / sfo{stf{x 5g\, lsg g}ltstf / d"nosf] x f; eof] eg]/ ToxL d"nox f;úsf] ta]nfdf afflwo/x]sf 5g\ < lsg cfkm\gf e i6, sfo/ / dxtjfsfª\ifl cu'jfx sf] ;tlú hfg5g\ < s:tf] :jfy{df /ª\luPsf 5g\ ltglx < gepb]lv ltglx c6fpg] c? s'g} :jfledfgl / uf}/jzfnl ;d"xx 5}gg\ < pglx ltgdf qmflgt / d'lqmsf a]hf]8 ;Defjgfx b]vt}gg\ < /fi6«sf d]?b08 elgg] a'l4hljl, lrgts, /fi6«jfbl / ;r]t gful/sx k wfgdgqlb]lv ;f+;bx nfo{ cof]uo, csd{0o / c;ifd elg/xg5g\ dfq lsg < ltglx nfo{ x'tofpg] s'g} cffwla]x/l Nofpg lsg ;St}gg\ < ltglx klg sltko dxsf] r6glú df df]lxt eo/x]sf t 5}gg\. lgikif / lgnf]{el elgg] ; i6f, snfsf/ / ufos ultsf/x klg k bq ln;f]sf kbx Údf 6fFl;P/ kv]6f km6 km6fo/x]sf b]lvg5g\. ;d[l4sf ;ª\s]tx lsg b]lvb}gg\ < ;8sx 6flnG5g\ / 5f]lkG5g\ dfq. lsg agb}gg\ goff ;8sx < lsg lbuf] sfg'gx gagl sdhf]/ sfg'gx ag5g\. /, ; ;fgf wssfx n] klg 9N5g\ < u0ftgqsf] ;+;b lsg k~rtgq / ax'bnsf] egbf klg b'a{n k ltt x'g5 < ;/sf/nfo{ bx f] u/l peofpg' kg]{df lsg xnnfpf5g\ ;f+;bx cfkm\gf b'gf] ;f]em\ofpg < v8f pleg kg]{x lsg xlnng5g\, plepsfx < kfon6 / sf]kfon6x cfkm\gf OR5fzlQm / lg0f{o ;fdyo{ u'dfp/, tlg yf}rfo{ zlqmsf] 6fs'/fdf plep/ klg lsg tn a];ldf k'u]sf] cg'e"lt u5{g\ < xfd f] st} klg ;dy{gdf n]lvgg af]lnggú, e i6frf/df sd{rf/lsf] ;DnUgtf x'g5ú, sf]6fún] ubf{ ;a}nfo{ ;Ddfg k' ofpg g;lspsf] xf]ú b]z xffsg]x sf] cftdljzjf; o;/l lsg w/fzfol x'g5 < cg'ej, Tofu / cg'xf/n] el/k"0f{ kfon6 / sf]kfon6x sf] k lzif0fx af6 lzlift lzsf? 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sfd u/]/ v'zl u/fpm. 5f]KgL 5f]8\gL, 5f]8\gL 5f]KgL OlhsN6" 7f]stflGqs ugtgq oltv]/ g]skf afa';fjsf] kf6lsf b'o{gda/l g]tf sfd/]8 sflnsf]6] sfhl e\mofnvfgfdf sf]rfl/psf 5g\. ;/sf/l g]skfsf b'o{gda/l g]tf tlyf{6gsf nflu u'hh/e}o\ofsf d'n'slt/ ;jf/l rn]sf] a]nf PsLs[t o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf g]skf afa';fjsf b'o{gda/l g]tf eg] k'm6an xflgpem}f of] lhnnfaf6 Tof] lhnnf / Tof] lhnnfaf6 pm lhnnf ub}{ k'ln;n] x'tofpfb} e\mofnvfgfsf] xfjf VjfpFb} lxf8fpsf] 5. sf7dfg8'df em\ofkk ;dfltpsf sfd/]8nfo{ ;jf]{rr cbfnt -;c_n] lsg ;dft]sf] sf/0f b]vfpm -sfb]_ cfb]z ub}{ t'?gt 5f]8\g' eg]/ cfb]z u of]. cbfntaf6 lg:sg} nfubf 9f]s}af6 a'6abl{wf/ln] km]l/ e\mofkk kf of]. 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To;n] ;s];dd 6'qmf 6'qmf x'g] u/l c?sf] zlqm sdhf]/ agfolbp/ cfkm\gf] /fho;qf sfod ul//fvg] egg] s'/fdf Wofg lbpsf] kfog5. dfs;{jfb eg]sf] ju{ ju{ df affl8psf ptkll8t ju{x alr Pstf sfod u/]/ hgzlqm dha't u/fo{ ju{;+3if{ ug{' xf]. jif{;+3if{kl5 lgld{t ;dfhnfo{ ju{ljxlg agfpfb} nu]kl5 dfq ann ;dfhjfbl zf;g Joj:yf Nofpg ;lsg5. cfh g]kfndf s;}n] jul{o d'lqmsf] hgcfgbf]ng ug{ vf]h]sf] 5 eg] s;}n] hftlo d'lqmsf] hgcfgbf]ng ug{ vf]h]sf] kfog5. ;s]df n}lës d'lqmsf] cfgbf]ng ug{ klg cfjzos 5. t/ b'mvnfubf] s'/f s] 5 eg] jul{o d'lqm rfxg] kf6l{n] hftlo d'lqm cfpsf] b]vg grfxg] / hftlo d'lqm rfxg] kf6l{n] jul{o d'lqm epsf] b]vg grfxg] cgt/lj/f]wl s'/fx klg stf stf b]vg kfog5. ol b'a}yl/sf kf6l{n] cf cfkm"n] cf cfkm\gf] ju{ alrsf] ;c M 7\jfs 7\jfs 7\jfs c8/ c8/ c8/. dfgg] 808f dgt/l Û cbfntn] k6s k6s cleo'qmnfo{ lgbf]{if eg]/ 5f]8\bf klg lsg ;dft]/ e\mofnvfgf sf]r]sf] < cbfntnfo{ g6]g]{ < olx xf] nf]stflgqs u0ftgq < 8d M ;DdfGg] >Ldfg\ dxf]bo Û dg] ;vf{/n] sff ks8]sf] 5 pfd\. Tof] t k'ln;\n] ks8]sf] xf] r]f pfd\. hff;dd nf]stflgqs u0ftgqsf] s'/f] 5 r]f, ;vf{/df gx'fbf nf]stflgqs u0ftgqsf] s'/f] x'gr pfd\, ha ;vf{/df k'lugr ta 7f]stflGqs ugtgq x'gr r]f. ;c M ;vf{/n] nufpsf] cleo'qmsf] cf/f]k t xfd f] k df0fdf e'm6\7f b]lvg5 lg < lsg ks8]sf] < 8d M pgn] xfd f] olt /fd f] ;+;f/s} pts[i6 Joj:yf 7f]stflGqs ugtgqsf] lvnfkmdf r]f cfgbf]ng ug]{ pfd\. ;vf{/sf] lj/f]w ug]{nfo{ ;vf{/n] r]f sfk]{6 ljr5fp/ :jfut ug]{ t pfd\ < ;c M h] ep klg cbfntn] t 5f]l8;Sof] lg. ;/sf/n] cbfntsf] ckx]ngf lsg u/]sf] < 8d M ;vf{/sf] sfd eg]sf] lj/f]w ug]{nfo{ 808f nfpg] xf] r]f ;DdfGg] >Ldfg\, pfd\. xfdn] ks8]sf]nfo{ xfdnfo{ g;f]wl tkfofx n] r]f lsg 5f]8]sf] pfd\ < ;c M 7\jfs 7\jfs, c8/ c8/. cbfntnfo{ k Zg ;f]wg] x}g. cbfntn] ;f]w]sf] hjfkm dfq} lbg] xf]. Pp6f dfg5]nfo{ cbfntn] 5f]8\bf5f]8\b} csf]{ 7fpFsf] d'2f lsg nufpsf] < Psd'i7 d'2f lsg gxfn]sf] < b[li6sf]0fsf] sdhf]/lsf sf/0f cfkm\g} c+u xf] egl glrgg] h:tf] b]lvg cfpsf] 5. ju{df c;dfgtf hfltdf c;dfgtf lnª\udf c;dfgtf eg]sf] Pp6} z/l/ leqsf c+ux x'g\ egl cfkm"n][ cfkm}nfo{ lrgg g;s]sf] h:t} xf]. xfdln] xfd f zq'sf] lj?4 s;/l n8\g] < cfkm\g} z/l/sf cª\ux s} alrdf Pp6f dfq sdhf]/ x'g k'uof] eg] l;ª\uf] z/l/ g} sdhf]/ x'g5 egg] s'/f g} a'em\g ;s]g eg] To:tf] z/l/n] csf{];fu le8\g ;Sb}g. To;sf/0f ;a} egbf klxn] z/l/sf cª\ux sf] alrdf Pstf agfpg cfjzs 5. 8d M of] ;vf{/sf] OR5fsf] s'/f] xf] r]f. lxh xfdl o'2df x'fbf klg t To;a]nfsf] ;vf{/n] o:t} uyof]{ pfd\. xfdn] To;}sf] kmnf] u/]sf] xf]. Psd'i7 d'2f xfn] t Pp6} km};nf x'gr r]f, pfd\. To} eú/ ls:tf ls:tfdf xfn]sf]. ;c M cbfntn] lgbf]{if elg;s]kl5 lsg ks8]sf] < of] t cbfntsf] dfgxfgl ef]. To;f] ug{ kfofb}g. 8d M cbfntn] kf] lgbf]{if egof xf] t pfd\. ;vf{/n] t bf]if} bf]if b]vof 5 r]f. cbfntsf] sfd cbfntn] ug]{ xf] ;vf{/sf] sfd ;vf{/n] ug]{ xf], pfd\. o;df cbfntsf] dfgxfglsf] s'/f] epg r]f. ;vf{/n] cbfntnfo{ ufnl klg u/]sf] 5}g. xflgkhgl klg u/]sf] 5}g. ;c M lxh hgo'2df t tkfofx ;Fu} n8]sf] xf]. Pp6} sld6ldf a;]sf] xf]. ;vf{/df klg ;Fu} a;]sf] xf]. cfh cfˆg} ;fylx zq' s;/l ep < 8d M of] /fhgllts k Zg ;f]wg epg ;dfgg] >Ldfg\ r]f. lxh h] ep klg cfh pg? km]l/ n8\g] eg]/ lxf8\of 5g\. xfdl ;vf{/df a;]/ 808f rnf5d\. pgl klg o} ;vf{/ dfg]/ cfp t pgnfo{ klg dgt/l ;Gt/L t agfpfy]d\ lg. ltgn] xfd f] lj/f]w u/]kl5 t xfdn] klg ;s]sf] ug{ t k of] lg pfd\. ;c M dgt/lsf] aofg ;'lgof] cfhnfo{ of] d'2fsf] 5nkmn oxlf :ylut x'g5. l6f////. @$ ebf} @)&%

cgtjf{tf{ # ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbsf] /fhgllts, kmf}hl tyf ;Ldf cltqmd0flj?4 hgcfgbf]ngsf] p7fg h?/l 5 ef/tn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf ldr]/ ef/tdf kg]{ u/l agfopsf gs;fx g]kfndf / ;/sf/l c8\8f, cbfnt / k zf;gx df k7fpsf] egl v'nf;f epsf] 5. g]kfnn] tlgj6} ;/sf/sf ;/sf/l d'sfdx df cflwsfl/s kdf k of]udf NofO/x]sf] lgzfgf 5fkdf lnk'n]s, lnldkofw'/f / sfnfkfglsf] gs;f ufoa kfl/psf] tyo kqf nfu]sf] 5 q ;L=kL= uh'/]n, cwoif, b]zest hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{ g]kfn cwoifho' Û b]zsf ;Ldfx t ;a} a]r]/ vfo;s]5 cf]nl ;/sf/n] < g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf ljjfb klxn] b]lvsf] xf]. ;Ldf ljjfbsf] ljifonfo{ lnp/ xfdln] nfdf] ;dob]lv ;+3if{ klg ub} { cfpsf 5f} +. ef/t / ef/tlo kifn] of]hgj4 kdf g]kfnl ;Ldf cltqmd0f ub} { cfo/x]sf] 5. ;'uf}nl ;lgwb]lv g} g]kfnsf] e"ld cltqmd0f ul/ofb} cfpsf] xf]. clxn] ef/tn] cfkm\gf] :jfy{cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;Ldf ldr]/ ef/tdf kg]{ u/l agfopsf gs;fx g]kfndf / ;/sf/l c8\8f, cbfnt / k zf;gx df k7fpsf] egl v'nf;f epsf] 5. g]kfnn] tlgj6} ;/sf/sf ;/sf/l d'sfdx df cflwsfl/s kdf k of]udf NofO/x]sf] lgzfgf 5fkdf lnk'n]s, lnldkofw'/f / sfnfkfglsf] gs;f ufoa kfl/psf] tyo kqf nfu]sf] 5. o;af/]df xfdln] b]zest hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{ g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 Ps lj1lkt ;fj{hlgs u/]/ o; s's[tosf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ g]kfnsf] ldlrpsf sfnfkfgl nufotsf #&@ ju{lsnf] ld6/ e"efu t'/gt lkmtf{ ug{ / gssnl gs;fx tyf lgzfgf 5fk t'/gt ab/ u/l bf]iflnfo{ sf/jfxl ug{ dfu klg u/]sf 5f}+. jt{dfg cf]nl ;/sf/n] b'o{ ltxfosf] andf g]kfnl e"ld / /fli6«o ;Dkbf ef/tnfo{ ;'Dkg] s'/f g]kfnl hgtfsf nflu ;}Xo 5}g. o;sf nflu xfdl ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf pqg tof/ 5f}+. sfnfkfgl, lnldkofw'/f, lnk'n]sb]lv ;':tfx'fb} k"j{sf] kz'klt gu/;ddsf g]kfnl e"efu lkmtf{ ug{ ;lspnf < xfdln] ;Sg'k5{. b]zsf] :jfledfg / ;fj{ef}ldstf hf]ufpg' k5{. ol ;a} hgtfsf] cfgbf]ng, hg;xeflutf, hgbafa tyf g]kfnl Pstfdf e/ kb{5g\. xfdln] cfgbf]ng slt p7fpg ;S5f}+ egg] s'/fdf e/ k5{. g]kfnl e"ld cltqmd0fsf] k lqmof h'g cgflws[t kdf ef/tn] ub}{ cfpsf] lyof], Tof] ljlwjt kdf gszfleq g} kf/]/ ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. o;n] g]kfnsf] kl/l:yltnfo{ lgs} w]/} hl6n epsf] 5. of] hl6ntfnfo{ lrb}{ xfdl hgtfsf] ;fy lnp/ cl3 a9\g} kb{5. g]kfnsf jf:tljs ;Ldfx gs;fª\sg ul/psf ;Ldf gs;fb]lv lnp/ ef}uf]lns ;Ldf e d0f / cg'udg;lxt of] cwoog cg';gwfgsf s'/fnfo{ xfdln] cl3 a9fpg' kb{5. ef/tn] ;Ldf gs;f;dagwl ljlegg ;fdu Lx k7fp/ p;sf g]kfnl bnfn dfkm{t\ h'gvfnsf] lje d km}nfpg k of; u/]sf] 5, To;sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug'{ kb{5. ;zst hgcfgbf]ngsf] p7fg ug{ ;lsof] eg] To;sf] andf ldlrpsf] g]kfnl e"efux lkmtf{ lng ;lsg5. ;Ldf ldlrpsf] d'2fnfo{ lnp/ cgt/f{li6«o cbfntdf hffbf s] x'g5 < cgt/f{li6«o cbfntdf of] d'2f nfg klg ;lsg5. /, nfg klg h?/l 5. t/ of] d'2f n}hfg] ;/sf/ / ;+:yf g} ef/tsf] bnfn / g]kfn :jfledfg tyf g]kfnl hgtflj/f]wl epkl5 n}hfg] ;+efjgf klg sd g} b]lvg5. t/ o;nfo{ cgt/f{li6«os/0f u/]/ ljzjdf xfdldfly ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbn] u/]sf] cgofonfo{ 5tf5'Nn kfg{ ;lsg] 5. o;nfo{ ;kmn kfg{sf nflu cfjzos s'/f hgan g} xf]. To;}n] b]zleq ;zst hgcfgbf]ngsf] ljsf; ul/g' h?/l 5. olb xfdln] b]zdf ;zst hgcfgbf]ng p7fg ug{ ;s]gf} eg] cgt/f{li6«o cbfntdf up/ klg To;n] Gofo lboxfng] eg] b]lvb}g. ;Ldf ;'/Iffsf nflu s] ug'{knf{ < o;sf nflu g]kfn ef/tsf] ;Ldf s'g} g s'g} kdf lgodg ug'{ k5{. ;Ldfsf af/]df g]kfnsf ljifo ljz]if1x n] of] s'/f klg /fv]sf 5g\. g]kfn ef/tsf] ;Ldf lgodg / lgogq0f ul/g' k5{. ;Ldfgfdf sldtdf klg sff9]tf/ nufp/ o;sf] /Iff ul/g' k5{. ;Ldfgf ca v'nnf 5f]l8lbg' x'fb}g. o;sf nflu xfdln] ef/tlo bnfnx sf] ;/sf/sf lj?4 ;+3if{ u/]/ /fhgllts bafa lbg'k5{. /, d"ntm ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ p7fg ug'{k5{. of] k lqmofdf :yfol ;/sf/sf kdf /x]sf] sd{rf/l slt bf]ifl 5g\ < of] sfd ef/tsf bnfn zf;sx / sd{rf/lx ldn]/ b'j}sf] ldn]dtf]df ul/psf] xf]. sd{rf/lleq cln legg cj:yf klg 5. zf;sx h:tf] k"/fsf k"/f bnfn b]lvpsf] 5}g. sd{rf/lleq klg Ps y/ln] b]zsf] :jfledfg / ;Ldfgf ar] x'g] lyof] elg/x]sf 5g\. t/ csf{y/l eg] bnfn zf;sx ;Fu ldn]/ b]zsf] :jfledfg / l;dfgf a]rg tlnng /x]sf 5g\. b]zest sd{rf/lx n] o;f] gug{ ;'emfa klg lbo/x]sf 5g\. b]zest sd{rf/lx n] hxffhxff g]kfnsf] ;xl / 7f]; kdf ;Ldfgf sfod 5, tl gszfx g} 6fFlu//x]sf 5g\. t/ bnfnx o;sf 7fpFdf ef/tn] pknaw u/fpsf gssnl gs;fx 6fFUg cft'/ /x]sf 5g\. /fhgllts kf6l{x df /x]sf bnfnx / sd{rf/lleq /x]sf bnfnx ldn]/ ol ;a} sfdx ul//x]sf 5g\. o:tf] cj:yfdf cf]nl ;/sf/ ef/tsf] k'0f]df x'fb} u/]sf] ;}Go ceof;df ;xeful x'g yfn]sf] 5 lg < o;af/]df xfdlx n] df]rf{sf] tkm{af6 cflwsfl/s kdf lj1lkt klg hf/l u/]sf 5f}+. n]vx klg lbo/x]sf 5f}+. lad:6]s ;Dd]ngdf ef/tsf] k'0f]df ;}lgs ceof; ul/g] egl ef/tlo k wfgdgql df]bln] hgsf/l dfq u/fpsf lyp, Tof] ;Dd]ngaf6 kfl/t klg epsf] xf]og. t/ cf]nlsf] cft'/tf lgs} b]lvg5 of] ;}Go ceof;df ;xeful x'g] eg]/. of] cfkm}df ;Dd]ngn] g} kfl/t u/]sf] / cflwsfl/s klg xf]og. lad:6]ssf ;a} ;b:o /fi6«x klg tof/ 5}gg\ o;sf nflu. of] t ef/tn] lad:6]ssf gfddf ;}Go u7agwg lgdf{0f ug]{ afxgfafhl dfq xf]. ev{/} g]kfn / rlgsf alrdf Jofkf/ tyf kf/jfxg k f]6f]sndf x:tfif/ epkl5 rlgn] p;sf] ;fd'lb s tyf ;'Vvf agb/ufx g]kfnsf nflu v'nf u/]sf] 5. s] slt kmfobf xf]nf g]kfnsf nflu < l5d]sl ldq/fi6«rlgn] g]kfnsf nflu cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ agb/ufx v'nf ug' { v'zlsf] s'/f xf]. ca g]kfnnfo{ cgo b]zx ;Fu jfl0fho, Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fo ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] 5. of] lg0f{o ;sf/ftds xf]. ef/tn] ;w}+ PstkmL{ kdf ug]{ gfsfagbl / a]nfa]nfdf l;h{gf ug]{ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] s[lqd cefjsf] df/ ca g]kfnlx n] ef]lu/xg' gknf{. l5d]sl b]z g]kfnnfo{ olt 7"nf] ;xof]u / ljzjf; ul//xfbf g]kfnlx rlgsf] of] v'nf ;xof]u k lt lgs} v'zl 5g\. g]kfnsf] e"/fhgllts cjl:ylt / rlg;fusf] ;Demf}tf slqsf] d]n vfnf < jt{dfg cf]nlsf] ;/sf/ ef/tk/:t ;/sf/ xf]. of] jfdsf] gfddf cfp klg jf:tjdf ef/tlo bnfnx sf] ;/sf/ xf]. To;}n] of] bnfn ;/sf/n] rlg;fu u/]sf ;a} ;lgw;demf}tfn] lgs6 eljiodf lgs} 7"nf] r'gf}tl v8f ug]{ 5. o;sf vf; sf/0fx 5g\. klxnf] s'/f xf], ef/tn] lad:6]ssf] dfwodaf6 blif0f Plzofdf cfkm\gf] ks8 hdfpg] / ;a} ;fgf b]zx nfo{ cfkm" dftxt Nofpg] k of; ul//x]sf] 5. o;n] blif0f Plzofdf rlg / kfls:tfg lj/f]wl ;}Go cnfog; agfpfb} u/]sf] 5. o;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] ;DaGw lglzrt} kdf rlg;fu bl3{sfnlg /xg;sg] /fhgllts kl/l:ylt b]lvb}g. g]kfnsf nflu klg c;+nug k//fi6«glltsf] lj?4df x'g hfg] 5. rlgsf lj?4 ef/t;fusf] u7agwg g]kfnl hgtfsf nflu :jlsfo{ klg 5}g. :jod\ cf]nls} zabdf ;db'/lsf] l5d]sl glltsf lj?4 klg of] x'g hfg] 5. of] cj:yfdf g]kfn;fu rlgsf] ;DaGw /fd f] x'g;sg] b]lvb}g. o;n] ubf{ g]kfndf ef/tsf] Psnf}6L cflwkto sfod x'g hfg] 5. g]kfn ca e'6fgls/0f / l;lssdls/0fsf] vt/fdf cl3 a9]/ hfg] ;+efjgf b]lvpsf] 5. cd]l/sf ef/t alrdf xltof/ tyf k ljlw;dagwl sf]dsf;fú ;+emf}tf ;DkGg epsf] 5. o;n] blif0f Plzofdf s:tf] c;/ kfnf{ < cgt/f{li6«o /fhgllts kl/b[zonfo{ Wofg lbof}+ eg] ef/t ca cd]l/sl v]dfdf k"0f{ kn]] k j]z ul/;s]sf] 5. of] g]kfnsf jf:tljs ;Ldfx gs;fª\sg ul/psf ;Ldf gs;fb]lv lnp/ ef}uf]lns ;Ldf e d0f / cg'udg;lxt of] cwoog cg';gwfgsf s'/fnfo{ xfdln] cl3 a9fpg' kb{5. ef/tn] ;Ldf gs;f;dagwl ljlegg ;fdu Lx k7fp/ p;sf g]kfnl bnfn dfkm{t\ h'gvfnsf] lje d km}nfpg k of; u/]sf] 5, To;sf] e08fkmf]/ ub}{ ;+3if{sf] p7fg ug'{ kb{5. ;zst hgcfgbf]ngsf] p7fg ug{ ;lsof] eg] To;sf] andf ldlrpsf] g]kfnl e"efux lkmtf{ lng ;lsg5. cd]l/sl ;fd fhojfbsf] kf]n6fdf kl/;s]sf] 5. cd]l/sf ef/tn] ug]{ u/]sf ;+o'st ;}Go ceof; ca ;flrrs} Ps ;}Go cnfog;df kl/0ft epsf] 5. s]xl jif{ klxn] cd]l/sf / ef/tn] k/df0f' ;lgw klg ul/;s]sf lyp. clxn]sf] sf]dsf;f ;lgw cd]l/sfn] cfkm\gf] rfxgfdf ef/tl;t u/]sf] xf]. ef/t clxn];dd cfpfbf of] ;lgwdf x:tfif/ ug{ afwo klg 5. To;}n] of] cd]l/sfsf] lxtdf a9l epsfn] To;sf] ef/te/ lj/f]w eo/x]sf] x'g ;S5. hg:taf6 of] lj/f]w x'g' :jefljs klg xf]. cd]l/sfaf6 ef/tdf cfoft ul/+b} u/]sf] la:kmf]6s 8«f]g k ljlwn] Plzofsf] /fhgllts tyf ;}Go /+ud~rdf s:tf] c;/ kfnf{ < o;df lglzrt kn] ef/tn] ;}Go of]]hgfdf cln cl3 a9f}+ egg] dxtjfsfª\ifl ;f]r /fv]]sf] b]lvg5. ef/t cfkm}n] cfkm\g} kxndf kmfo6/ ljdfgx klg lgdf{0f ub}{ cfpsf] 5. xltof/x klg ljb]zaf6 lsgg] ul//x]sf] 5. p;n] cd]l/sf;fu xltof/x lno /fv]sf] 5. ef/tn] kmf}hls/0fdf a9l hf]8 lbo/fv]sf] 5. 8«f]g k ljlw ef/tdf leq\ofpg] klg kmf}hls/0fs} lg/gt/tf xf]. ef/t kmf}hl kdf klg blif0f Plzofsf] k d'v zlst agg vf]lh/x]sf] 5. df]bln] a]nfotl pklgj]zaf6 d'st epsf] ef/tnfo{ cd]l/sl gjpklgj]zdf nu] eg]/ ef/tlo /fi6«jfbl, jfdkgyl, j'l4hljl tyf k ultzln zlst tyf JolStTjx n] elg/x]sf 5g\ < of] ljzn]if0f ;xl g} xf]. ef/tdf cd]l/sl k efj a9]/ upsf] 5. Tof] klg kmf}hl k efj / kmf}hl cnfog;sf kdf. Tof] Jofkf/sf] If]qdf klg a9\b} upsf] b]lvg5. cd]l/sl ;fd fhojfbsf] p2]zo ef/tnfo{ pglx sf] lgogq0fdf /fvg] klg xf]. ljzj /fhgllt tyf kmf}hl /0fgLltsf lx;fan] ;fdl/s dxtj af]s]sf] blif0f Plzofdf /x]sf] ;a}egbf 7"nf] b]z ef/tnfo{ cfkm";fu ldnfpg kfpdf t 7"n} /0fgLlts kmobf x'g] eof] cd]l/sfsf nflu. of] kdf ef/tnfo{ cd]l/sfn] k of]u ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvg5. ef/tlo /fi6«jfbl tyf jfdkgyl, j'l4hljlx sf] ts{df ;Totf 5. ;}Go xf];\ jf /fhgllts, s'6gllts xf];\ jf tftsflns, h] s'/f jf ts{ u/]/ ep klg df]bln] gjpklgj]z km}nfpg ef/tdf cd]l/slx nfo{ :jfut u/]s} x'g\. of] hgtfdf l5kfp/ l5kg] s'/f xf]og.?;df x'fb} u/]sf] ef]:6f]s ;}Go ceof;úsf] lj?4df ef/tlox nfo{ cd]l/sfn] psf:b} 5 elgpsf] 5. o;df slt ;Totf 5 < cd]l/sf / ef/tsf alrdf lgs} ulx/f] ;ff7uff7 x'fb} upkl5 rlg /?; klg ;ts{ epsf] s'/f ;ffrf] xf]. legg ;f]r / cnfog; agfpg]x sf alrdf of] t :jefljs s'/f klg xf]. clxn]?;sf] ef]:6f]sdf x'fb} u/]sf] ;}Go ceof; klg To;}sf] Pp6f k xf]. elgpsf] klg 5 ls :6flngsf] ;dfhjfbl?;df epsf] ;}Go ceof; kl5sf] of] ;a}egbf 7"nf] ;}Go ceof; klg x'g] 5. h;df tlg nfv ;]gfx n] Ps} k6s efu lng], #^ xhf/ 6\of+sx ;lxt ;}Go ceof; ul/g] / Ps xhf/egbf a9l n8fs' ljdfgx n] cfsfzdf xjfo{ o'4 ceof; ug]{ s'/f klg ;fj{hlgs ul/psf] 5. o;n] cgt/f{li6«o kdf 7"nf] w 'jls/0fsf] k lqmofnfo{ cl3 a9fpsf] 5. To;n] xfd f] h:tf] e"/0fgllts dxtj afs]sf] b]zdf 7"nf] c;/ kfg]{ 5.!#= o:tf] cgt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'fb} ubf{ g]kfnsf] /0fgLlts ;f]r s:tf] vfnsf] epdf /fd f] xg] lyof] < o:tf] vfn] cgt/f{li6«o kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f x'fb} ubf{ g]kfnnfo{ ;a}egbf a9l vt/f ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbaf6 g} 5. o;sf/0f g]kfn a9legbf a9l ef/tlo ultljlwaf6 g} ;ts{ / ;r]t /xg' kb{5. ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbn] g]kfndfly lg/gt/ cltqmldt xftx a9fpfb} cfpsf] 5. t/ rlgsf] eg] ;fk]iftfdf g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf / :jledfgdfly ;sf/ftds wf/0f /xfb} cfpsf] 5. o;n] g]kfndfly cltqmd0f klg u/]sf] 5}g. ef/tsf] h:tf] x:tif]k klg u/]sf] 5}g. casf] vt/f eg]sf] ef/tlo lj:tf/jfb g} xf]. /, o;sf g]kfn lj/f]wl ultljlwsf lj?4 xfdlx Ps ep/ n8\g' k5{. oxl gllt g} ;do;fk]if / j}1flgs b'j} x'g ;S5. o;sf nflu hgtfdf hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx ;lxt ;+3if{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg' k5{.

$ /fli6«o ;dfrf/ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/ldf qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3 sf7df8f}+. qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3 /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/ldf h'6]sf] 5. ;+u7gsf] bf]; f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngsf] tof/lsf nflu dxf;+3n] sf7df8f}+sf] cgfdgu/ 3 ]s'nf] l:yt OR5's k lti7fgdf!( / @) ebf}df ljz]if /fli6«o e]nf ejo kdf ;DkGg u/]sf] 5. ljz]if /fli6«o e]nfn] $ ;b:o kl5 ykg] u/l OG /fptsf] g]t[tjdf @% ;b:olo ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5. e]nf / cfof]hs ;ldltsf] a}7sn] lnpsf lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ug{sf nflu dxf;+3sf] ;Dd]ng cfof]hs ;ldltsf cwoif OG /fptn] z'qmaf/ hf/l u/]sf] jqmjodf e]nfn] kblo lhdd]jf/l jxg gu/]sf] 7x/ u/l cl3nnf] ;ldltsf dxf;lrj s]z/dl0f s6'jfn, ;b:ox o'j/fh cof{n, clgt kf08] / 1fg'dfof k+u]glnfo{ lhdd]jf/laf6 x6fpsf] pnn]v ul/psf] 5. jqmjodf e]nfn] wg~ho cj:yl -s~rgk'/_, ;fu/ >]i7 -sf7df8f}+_, lji0f' cfn] -nlntk'/_, lzjz+s/ kf08] -/f}tx6_, /fh]g ;'j]bl -sf:sl_nfo{ cfof]hs ;ldltsf] s]g Lo lhdd]jf/ldf yk u/]sf] klg hgfopsf] 5. /fli6«o ;Dd]ngnfO{ nlift ub} { lhnnf tyf k b]zsf] e]nf ;Dd]ng ltxf/cl3 g} ul/;sg] lg0f{o u/]sf] pnn]v ul/psf] jqmjodf k ]; tyf clejolqm :jtgqtflj/f]wl d'n'sl ;+lxtfsf] vf/]hlsf] dfu ub} { lhnnf, k b]z tyf s]g n] ljlegg sfo{qmd u/l lj/f]w hgfpg] / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] cfgbf]ngdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] hgfopsf] 5. jqmjodf pnn]v ul/p cg';f/ e]nfn] k ]; tyf clejolqm :jtgqflj/f]wl ;/sf/n] NofPsf] d'n'sl ;+lxtfsf lj?4 v]b k :tfj kfl/t ub}{ pqm P]g vf/]hl nufot ljlegg ;d;fdlos k :tfjx kfl/t u/]sf] 5. e]nfn] cwoif OG /fptn] k :t't u/]sf] ljwfg, k ltj]bg ;Dd]ng;Dd ;d[4 kfg]{ u/l ;j{;ddtn] kfl/t epsf] 5. cd]l/sl 7"nf klqsf Ho'hÚsf] xftdf 5g\ ;LkL uh'/]n sf7df8f}+. b]zest hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{sf cwoif ;LkL uh'/]n uf}/jún] kqsfl/tf If]qdf klg ;+o'st df]rf{ h?/l epsf] s'/f atfpsf 5g\. qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sf7df8f}+ cgfd gu/ 36\6]s'nf]l:yt OR5's ;f+:s[lts k lti7fgsf] xndf a'wjf/ cfof]lht ljz]if /fli6«o e]nfdf pst s'/f atfpsf x'g\. cwoif uh'/]nsf cg';f/ cd]l/sl ;fd fhojfbn] o'4 ah]6leq g} d]l8of ah]6 5'6\ofpg] u/]sf] s'/fdfly k sfz kfb}{ ljzjdf xfn rln/x]sf skf]{/]6 ldl8of o;s} HjnGt pbfx/0f epsf] atfpsf lyp. lj1fkg, ;Dd]ng, kqsf/ e]63f6, cg'bfg ;xof]u / JolStut vr{ cflb ;fd fhojfblx n] ol ldl8ofx df lbg] u/]sf] atfp. To;}n] kqsfl/tf If]qdf klg qmflgtsf/lx n] ;+o'st df]rf{ agfpg' h?/l 5 egb} uh'/]nn] xfnsf skf]{/]6 ldl8of / cf]nl bfxfn h:tf bnfnx sf] e08fkmf]/ ug{ logsf lj?4 ldl8of d]frf{ agfpg' kg]{ cfjzostfdf hf]8 lbp. cd]l/sfdf ;+;f/sf ;a}egbf wgl hflt Ho'hx n] ldl8ofdf nufgl ub{5g\ egb} uh'/]nn] eg] x/]s cd]l/sl /fi6«kltn] Oh/f]onsf] kifdf jsfnt ug'{ ol Ho'hx sf] tfa]bf/l ug{sf nflu xf]. kf6l{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] ;+o'st df]rf{sf] ;a}egbf /fd f] pbfx/0f rlgdf /x]sf] tyo ;fj{hlgs ub}{ pgn] rlgdf s= dfcf]n] 8f= ;g oft;]g /xfbf Sjf]ldGtfª kf6l{;fu klxnf] k6s ;xsfo{ u/]sf] s'/f atfp. Sjf]ldGtfª kf6l{sf] Tolt a]nfsf] rl/q ;fdgt tyf ;fd fhojfb lj/f]wl k hftgqjfbl lyof] / o;}sf] g]t[tjdf rlgdf u0ftgq :yfkgf epsf] lyof]] egb} g]kfndf eg] cfkm"nfo{ sdo'lg:6 eg]/ gyfsg] s]kl cf]nl / k'iksdn bfxfnx ;fd fhojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf] bnfn epsf 5g\, To;}n] pglx ;Fu ;+o'st df]rf{ x'g};sb}g. ;+o'st df]rf{nfo{ o'4sfndf s= dfcf]n] ;a}lt/ nfu' u/ egg] u/]sf] s'/fnfo{ :d/0f ub} { uh'/]nn] d'vo b'zdg lrg / hgtfnfo{ Pstfj4 kf/ egg] dfcf]sf] df]rf{ ;DaGwL gllt rlgsf c:ktfnx df cfkm\gf] kl/l:yltdf cg's"n lj/fdlx n] klg cg'z/0f u/]sf] atfpsf lyp. pgsf cg';f/ tl lj/fdlsf ldqzlstx df g;{, 8fS6/ / c:ktfndf sfd ug] { sfdbf/x lyp. b]zdf x'g] qmflgtsf a]nf zlst ;Gt'ng cfkm\gf] kifdf ep qmflgt lhltg5, 5}g eg] xfl/g5 egb} uh'/]nn] zlst ;Gt'ng qmflgtsf/lsf] kifdf kfg{ kqsf/sf] e"ldsf dxtjk"0f{ x'g] atfp. g]kfndf klg /fhf geo x'fb}g egg] kf6l{x Psk6s t u0ftgqsf] kifdf cfp of] ;a} zlst ;Gt'ngsf] sf/0f g]kfndf u0ftgq cfof]. o;df ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf pnn]vglo 5. kqsfl/tf cfkm}df cfgbf]ngstf{ klg xf] M /fdl;+x >L; sf7df8f}+. qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfblsf :yfol ;ldlt ;b:o tyf k sfzg ljefusf O~rfh{ /fdl;+x >L;n] kqsfl/tf cfkm}df ;+u7gstf{ / cfgbf]ngstf{sf ;fy} k rf/stf{ klg epsf] s'/fdf hf]8 lbpsf 5g\. qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sf7df8f}+ cgfd gu/ 36\6]s'nf]l:yt OR5's ;f+:s[lts k lti7fgsf] xndf a'wjf/ cfof]lht ljz]if /fli6«o e]nfdf >L;n] pst s'/f atfpsf x'g\.?;df cs6f]a/ qmflgt ;DkGg x'g'k"j{ n]lggn] O:qmfb]lv goff O:qmf rnfpfbf;ddsf] j}rfl/s tyf ;DkfbsLo ;+3if{k"0f{ Oltxf;sf] rrf{ ub}{ >L;n] n]lggsf kfnfdf rn]sf] e"ldut k ]; tyf klqsf ljt/0fsf] /f]rs k ;+u klg pnn]v u/]sf lyp. e"ldut k ];af6 klqsf lgsfng] / k ];dfly /x]sf t/sf/l tyf kmnkm"n ahf/af6 ;fukft tyf kmnkm"n ToxL klqsfdf kf]sf] kf/l klqsf ljt/0f ug]{ ul/psf] k ;+u sf]6\ofpfb} >L;n] g]kfndf clxn] k rf/sf nflu Tof] a]nfsf egbf s}of}+ v's'nf] / ;xh jftfj/0f epsf] cj:yf /x]sfn]] hgkiflo ;dfrf/ ;+k ]if0fdf qmflgtsf/l kqsf/x Psl9Ssf ep/ nfug' kg]{ atfp. s'/f h] u/] klg ju{sf x'g] epsfn] Ps ju{sf] :jtgqtf csf]{ ju{sf nflu clwgfostj x'g] egb} >L;n] jt{dfg bnfn ;/sf/sf k hftgq / ;d[l4sf s'/f hgtfsf nflu kmf;ljfbl clwgfostj egbf s]xl gx'g] atfp. hgtfsf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ epsf] egl hlt k rf/ u/] klg of] d'6\7le/ bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxx sf] cfkm\gf] :jfy{ l;l4sf] clwgfostj dfq xf], >L;n] atfp. qmflgtsf/l kqsf/x n] g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df ls;fg tyf dhb'/sf xs / lxtsf s'/fx p7fpg' g} jul{o s'/f x'g] epsfn] >L;n] log}sf] kifdf hf]8bf/ cfjfh p7fpg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbpsf lyp. clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ sf7df8f}+sf] lhnnf e]nf ;DkGg sf7df8f}+. clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ sf7df8f}+sf] lhnnf e]nf ;f]daf/ nlntk'/sf] s'k08f]ndf ;DkGg epsf] 5. ;+u7g lj:tf/ tyf hgkl/rfng cleofg cgtu{t ;DkGg pst e]nfn] zfgtf kl08tsf] cwoiftddf @! ;b:olo lhnnf ;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5. gj lgjf{lrt ;ldltsf] pkfwoifx df ;'ldqf Gof}kfg], s'df/l yfkf, ;'wf kgyl, cld/d}off /l~htsf/ /x]sf 5g\. To;} u/l ;lrjdf lji0f' Gof}kfg], ;x;lrjdf cghgf zfxl / sf]iffwoifdf dw' >]i7 /x]sf 5g\. To;} u/l ;b:ox df l5l/ª cda' z]kf{, snkgf yfkf, lji0f's'df/l kgt, agbgf e08f/l, kf clwsf/l, sdnf :o'7fgl, nlntf bfgfs'6l lgjf{lrt epsf 5g\. gj lgjf{lrt lhnnf ;ldltsf] ;Nnfxsf/x df ;'s'dfof z]kf{ / a}s'07nidl >]i7 /x]sf 5g\. e]nf sfo{qmddf k d'v cltlysf kdf pkl:yt clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ sf] s]gb Lo cwoif nidl d'8e/ln] g]kfndf g]skfsf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/n] hgtfsf gfddf ljegg kmf}hl tyf b]jfgl ;+lxtfx ;fj{hlgs u/]/ sfof{gjogdf n}hffb} ubf{ dlxnf lx+;f / dlxnf lj/f]wl ultljlwx df emg\ a9f]q/l x'fb} upsf] kl/l:yltdfly k sfz kfb}{ o;sf] ;fdgfsf nflu dlxnf ;r]t kdf ;+ul7t x'fb} ;+3if{df cl3 a9\g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbpsl lyog\. cwoif d'8e/ln] aflx/ ;dfhdf dlxnflj/f]wl jftfj/0f / ultljlw a9\b} hfg' / ;+lxtfx df c+z / a+zsf af/]df dlxnfnfo{ jf:tljs clwsf/ lbg cgsgfpg'n] dlxnf clwsf/ k flktsf nflu cem}+ dfu{ k z:t x'g g;s]sf] s'/fdf k sfz kf/]sl lyog. pgn] clxn] 7"N7"nf cfgbf]ngx p7\g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf hghlljsfsf ;fy} dlxnf lx+;f / dlxnflj/f]wl ultljlwx nfo{ p7fp/ ;8sdf n}hfg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbpsl lyog\. e]nfdf Kofgn k :tfj k :t't ug]{ qmddf clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ sl s]gb Lo ;lrj zf/bf dxtn] lx+hf] cfgbf]ngaf6 cfpsf dlxnfx g]t[tj / g]t[x cfh knfog ep/ ;+;blo Joj:yfdf lanfp/ l;l4o;s]kl5 km]l/ qmflgtsf/l dlxnfx n] cl3 a9\g] ;+snk ug'{kg]{ cj:yf l;h{gf x'g upsf] oyfy{tfnfo{ sf]6\ofpfb} dlxnf lx+;f / dlxnf lj/f]wl ultljlwsf lj?4 ;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx cl3 a9fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbog\. cfh dlxnfd}ql sfg'g ag]sf] k rf/ ul/ofb} 5, t/ cf+lzs kdf ag] agfopsf ol sfg'gx klg sfof{gjogdf n}hfg lgs} ufx f] 5 egb} dxtn] clxn] bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxl ju{sf] zf;g;qf :yfkgf epsfn] o;n] cfd hgtfsf ;fy} ptkll8tx / To;df klg dlxnfsf s'/f ;+af]wg ug}{ g;sg] atfog\. ;x;lrj l/gf u]nfnn] dlxnf lx+;f / anftsf/ dlxnfsf] cl:ttj / cl:dtf dflysf] 7f8f] r'gf}tl ag]sf] atfog\. ljutdf nfdf] ;do;dd o'4 tyf cfgbf]ngsf] cu df]rf{df /x]/ dlxnfx n] g]t[tj ub}{ cfpsf] :d/0f ub}{ u]nfnn] hgo'4sfndf dlxnfn] v]n]sf] e"ldsfdfly k sfz kfl/g\. t/ Tolta]nf lgdf{0f ul/psf dlxnf g]t[x xfnsf] ;+;blo ef;df 8'la;s]sfn] ca goff / ;an g]t[tj lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfpsf] atfog\. xfnsf] dlxnf g]t[tjsf] sfo{ef/ oxl g} /x]sf] atfpfb} u]nfnn] ca p7\g] / p7fog] ;+3if{;Fu} dlxnf g]t[tj ;zst ep/ cfpg] atfog\. e]nfdf z'esfdgf dgtjo lb+b} lznf of]uln] xfdl yf]/} 5f}+ jf sdhf]/ 5f}+ eg]/ lg/fzf, s'07f / xlgtfaf]w gkfng pkl:yt ;a}nfo{ cfu x ub}{ prr dgf]ansf ;fy cl3 a9\g pt;fx k bfg ul/g\. ;kgf gd/]sfx ;a} Psh'6 ep/ cl3 a9\g cfxjfg ub}{ ;~rfns lji0f' Gof}kfg]n] casf] ofqf ljutaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cl3 a9\g h?/l epsf] atfog\. e]nfsf cwoif zfgtf kl08tn] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfx sf lj?4df ;8sdf s8fosf ;fy hfg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbog. pgn] elgg xfdl km/s dfg5]x xf}+ / ;kgf e'n]sf dfg5]x xf}+, To;}n] xfdl lg/gt/ kdf cl3 al9/xg' k5{. cfzfjflbtfsf ;fy xfd f] e"ldsfnfo{ a9fpfb} n}hfcf}+. hgjfbl qmflgtsf euf}8fx? Psh'6 epkl5 b]zdf ;+s6 a9]/ upsf] 5Ú sf7df8f}+. goff hgjfbl u0ftgq :yfkgfsf nflu 3lge"t?kdf bz jif{;dd hgo'4 n8] klg 3'ldlkm/L ;+;blo Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf epsf] egb} goff hgjfbl qmflgtsf euf}8fx? of] jf Tof]?kdf hgjfbl qmflgt ;DkGg eo;s]sf] eg]/ Pdfn] df ldl;g upkl5 b]zsf] ;+s6 emg\ r'lng upsf] g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ sf dxf;lrj df]xg j}b\o ls/0fú n] qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sf7df8f}+ cgfd gu/ 36\6]s'nf]l:yt OR5's ;f+:s[lts k lti7fgsf] xndf cfof] lht ljz]if /fli6«o e]nfnfo{ k lzif0f lbg] qmddf pgn] pst s'/f atfpsf x'g\. e dsf] v]tl ub} { cfpsf] Pdfn]df ToxL e dsf] yk v] tl ug]{ goff e dsf/l tftsfnlg dfcf]jfbl -s]gb _ ylkg upkl5 ;+Vofdf a9f]q/l x'fbf hgtfdfly kg{ upsf] j}rfl/s e d tl b'o{ Ps epkl5 ;fkm x'g upsf] s'/f dxf;lrj ls/0fn] rf]l6nf]?kdf v'nf;f u/] sf 5g\. ls/0fn] qmflgt ;DkGg epsf] cj:yfdf /fhojoj:yf g} Ps ju{af6 csf]{ ju{df x:tfgt/0f x'g k'u5 egb} g]kfndf To;f] gepsf] s] x'g ;S5g\ g]kfndf goff hgjfbl qmflgtsf cfwf/x? egg] s'/ fdfly k sfz kfg]{ qmddf dxf;lrj ls/0fn] /fli6«otfsf] k Zg klxnf] x'g] pgsf cg';f/ ef/tn] ;Ldf ldlr/x]sf], lkn/ ;fl//x]sf], x] Kg] / bdsfpg] ul//x]sf] / ldrfxf k j[lq sfdod} /flvpsfn] hgjfbl qmflgtsf nflu /fli6«o :jfwlgtfsf] k Zg klxnf] cfwf/ x'gupsf] atfpsf 5g\. b]zsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf nflu k fs[lts ; f]t ;fwg, dfgjlo ; f]t;fwg, k ljlwd}ql sfo{qmd, hgtfsf] rf;f], ;xof]u / ;xeflutf cflbsf ;fy} nufglsf nflu cfjzos ah]6 gepsf] s'/fdfly k sfz kfb}{ dxf;lrj ls/0fn] g] kfndf xfn /x]sf k s[lts ; f]t ;fwgx? a]rb} u/]sf], gblx? a]rb} u/] sf], ;Ldf cltqmd0fdf r"k /xl df6f] a]r]sf] / b]zsf] 7"nf] hgzlst l;+uf] o'jf k':tf ljb]lzpsf] / cfly{s 6f6 kn6]sf] cj:yfdf b]zsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4 x'g g;sg] nf]stgq eg]sf] ;dfgtf / ;dfj]lztf klg epsf] egb} dxf;lrj ls/0fn] b]z /fhgllts?kdf g t ;dfj]lztf 5, g t ;fk]lifs ;dfgtf g} egb} cfly{s?kdf b]z k"/} Jofkf/ 3f6f 5, ;a} lgsf;laf6 wflgpsf] 5 / k}7f/l z'go h:t} epsf] bfjf ub}{ hgjfbl qmflgtsf euf}8fx? Pdfn]df ldl;g upkl5 ;+s6 emg\ u'0fftds?kdf a9]/ upsf] atfp. ls/0fn] xfdln] phofnf] aql afng' k5{, Tof] phofnf] b]v]/ b]z / hgtfsf] dfof ug]{x? ;a} xfdl;fu uf]nagb x'g] 5g\ egb} k rf/ k ;f/ sf] cfkm\gf] cleofgnfo{ b[9tfk"j{s cl3 a9fpg cfxjfg u/]sf lyp.

cgt/f{li6«o rlgn] ;fd'lb s agb/ufx v'nf ubf{ cf]nlnfo{ ;s; % cd]l/sfaf6 8«f]g k ljlwú lsgb} ef/t sf7df8f}+. g]kfnsf nflu rlgn] ;fd'lb s agb/ufx v'nf ubf{ k wfgdgql cf]nl ;s;df k/]sf 5g\. rlg / g]kfnsf alrdf Jofkf/ tyf kf/jfxg ;lgwsf] k f]6f]sn tof/ eo{ x:tfif/ epkl5 cf]nl ;s;df kg{ upsf x'g\. x:tfifl/t k f]6f]snsf cg';f/ rlgn] cfkm\gf nflu k of]u ul//x]sf] ;fd'lb s tyf ;'Vvf agb/ufx g]kfnsf nflu t]; f] b]z;fu Jofkf/ ug{ v'nnf ug]{ epsf] atfopsf] 5. cf]nlsf] rlg e d0fsf qmddf df]bln] To;f] gug"{ú egl kmf]g jftf{dfkm{t\ cf]nlnfo{ o;f] 5':; eg]kl5 cf]nln] g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 k f]6f]sn x:tfif/sf nflu s'g} klg tof/l gepsf] egl vfnl xft :jb]z kmls{psf lyp. t/ rlgn] g]kfnd} To;sf] tof/l u/l x:tfif/ ug{ u/fpg nufpsf] a'lempsf] 5. ; f]tsf cg';f/ g]kfnl hgtfdf rlgk ltsf] ldqtf / ljzjf;df cf]nlsf] sf/0fn] sdl cfpg yfn]kl5 pst k f]6f]sn g]kfndf g} tof/ kf/l x:tfif/ ul/psf] xf]. Ps e"kl/j]li7t b]zn] cgt/f{li6«o sfg'g cg';f/ kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ l5d]sl b]z ef/tn] af/daf/ s'l07t ul//x] kl5sf] of] sl7gfok"0f{ cj:yfdf csf]{ l5d]sl b]z rlgn] agb/ufx v'nnf ug'{ g]kfnlsf nflu lgs} v'zlsf] s'/f xf]. t/ of];fu} hf]l8psf] b'mvsf] s'/f eg]sf] ol clwsf/ rlgn] Jofkf/ tyf kf/afxg ;+emf}tfdfkm{t\ g]kfnnfo{ pknaw u/fpkl5 g]kfnn] s'g s'g / s:tfvfn] ptkfbgx a9fp/ ljb]z k}7f/l u/l ol agb/ufxaf6 t]; f] b]z;fu Jofkf/ unf{ t, ol eg] ef/tsf] rfxgfdf lnl:6ª ul/g] k d cf]nln] atfpfb} cfpsf 5g\. o;af/]df k d cf]nlsf] afu\jrg cfpkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pb\of]u tyf jfl0fho dgqfnon] s]xl s'/f klg cflwsfl/s kdf xfn;dd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5}g. g]kfnlx nfo{ k f]t;flxt u/l g]kfnsf ptkfbgx ljb]zdf k7fpg] u/l pb\of]u jfl0fho ;+3, Jofkf/L tyf ;fgf pb\of]u / 6«Dk k zf;g cd]l/sl Oltxf;df ;a}egbf cnf]slk o epsf] cf]afdfsf] bfjl x:tsnf tyf cgo ;DalGwt kifnfo{ klg of] af/]df ;f]wk"5;dd ul/psf] 5}g. g]kfnn] ef]ub} cfpsf] ;d:of s] xf] eg] slxno} klg b]z / hgtfsf af/]df zf;sx n] ;f]rb}gg\. /, o;sf nflu u[xsfo{ klg ub} {gg\. ljb]zl;fu epsf / x'g] u/]sf clwsf+z ;lgw;demf}tfx df slxno} klg g]kfnsf] u[xsfo{ / tof/l /x]sf] kfofb}g. xfn g]kfnaf6 ptkfbg eo{ ef/tsf] :yfglo ahf/df k7fog] Psbd} gugo dfqfsf s[lif ptkfbgx l;dfgfdf dlxgf} lbg /fv]/ ;8fOPsf x'g5g\. lrof, cn}rl, g/ljn tyf ;'kf/lsf] lgof{tdf ef/tn] ;w}+ lsrlsr ug]{ / dlxgf}+;dd lng gdfg]/ ls;fgx nfo{ dsf{df kfg]{ ul//x]sf] 5. o;} sf/0fn] klg?b fifsf] Jofkf/ ef/t;fu gu/]/ hgtfn] hg:t/af6} rlg;fu ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\. kl5nnf] k6s cuf{lgs lrof /fd f] tyf u'0f:t/lo kdf ptkfbg x'g yfn]kl5 ef/tn] o; ljifonfo{ lnp/ lgs} dx+uf] Jofkf/ s/ nufpg] u/]sf] 5. o;af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/ slxno} klg r'f;dd af]n]sf] / kxn;dd u/]sf] Oltxf; klg 5}g. To; cltl/st g]kfnl 9fsf sk8f, kl:dgf tyf un}+rf lgof{tdf klg ef/tn] lgs} b'v lbg] ul//x]sf] 5. o;sf nflu klg lrlgoff agb/ufx ;xh / ;'ljwfhgs x'g ;S5. t/ b'vsf] s'/f, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ol u[xsfo{x cfkm}n] gu/]/ ef/t;fu ;fwk"5 ul//x]sf] egg] clt uf]ko s'/f hgtfsf] dfemdf hfgsf/ldf cfpg yfn]sf] 5. cem} ;fl6pg ef?!) s/f]8 sf7df8f}+. ef/tn] b]ze/ / blif0f Plzofdf klg rngdf NofOPsf %)) /!))) sf gf]6x u}/sfg'gl / cdfgo egl df]bl ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] klg s]xl ;do lalt;s]sf] 5. t/ %)) /!))) sf ef? gf]6x g]kfnnufot s]xl blif0f Plzofsf b]zx df cem}+ affsl /x]sf] kfopsf 5g\. g]kfndf dfq To:tf gf]6x!) s/f]8 -cyf{t\ g]kfnl!^ s/f]8_ ;6xL ug{ affsl 5. t/ o;af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ef/t;fu vf;} kxn u/]sf] b]lvb}g. o;af6 :yfglo hgtf lgs} 7"nf] df/df k/]sf 5g\. of] ;d:of e'6fgdf klg b]lvpsf] lyof]. t/ e'6fgl ;/sf/n] ef/tlo ;/sf/;fu s'/f u/]/ pst ;d:of xn ul/;s]sf] 5. af+unfb]z, dfnålk;, >Ln+sfn] cln klxno} ol ;d:ofx xn ul/;s]sf 5g\. sf7df8f} +. jfl;+u6g / lbnnl alrdf ;}Go ;xsfo{sf nflu Ps /0fgLlts ;+emf}tfdf x:tfif/ epsf] 5. cd]l/sl /Iff ;lrj h]d; d]l6«; cd]l/sl ljb]z ;lrj dfos kf]dk]cf], ef/tlo ljb]z dgql ;'idf :j/fh / ef/tlo /Iff dgql lgd{nf l;yf/dgsf] ;+o'st x:tfif/kl5 pst ;}Go ;Demf}tf sf]dsf;fú n] k"0f{tf kfpsf] xf]. Ps bzs egbf nfdf] ;do;dd u[xsfo{kl5 ul/psf] of] ;+emf}tf ef/tsf nflu cgk]lift t/ cd]l/sfsf nflu lg/gt/ ceof; epsf] atfopsf] 5. o;nfo{ lbnnln] ce"tk"j{ / qmde+u eg]sf] 5. cd]l/sf;fu ;+;f/e/ ;}Go ;xsfo{ ul//x]sf b]zx dwo] yf]/} b]zdf ef/t klg u0fgfdf k/]sf] 5. of] u0fgfdf ef/t tl;f} + gda/df /x]sf] jfl;+u6gn] atfpsf] 5. l;yf/dgsf cg';f/ of] ;Demf}tfn] cd]l/sf ef/t ;DaGwnfO{ Ps ce"tk"j{ prfodf p7fpsf] 5. h]d; d]l6«;sf cg';f/ of] ;+emf}tf cfkm}df blif0f Plzofdf / ;+;f/d} klg clåtlo dxtjsf] /x]sf] 5. cd]l/sfn] nfdf] ;dob]lv ef/tnfo{ ;~rf/, d}lqtj / ;'/Iff ;xdlt -sf]dsf;f_ ug{ / cd]l/sl prr k ljlwo'st c:qx ef/tdf leq\ofpg af/daf/ k ]l/t ub}{ cfpsf] lyof]. o;df ef/tlo k ljlw If]qdf cd]l/sl ;z:q 8«f]gx klg lsg]/ Nofpg ;lsg] atfopsf] 5. ef/tn] cfkm\gf] ;Ldf glhs /x]sf] lxgb dxf;fu/df lrlgoff ultljlwdfly k xf/ ug{ ol / o:tfvfn] c:qx cd]l/sfaf6 nfdf] ;dob]lv Nofpg rflx/x]sf] lyof]. /, cd]l/sfsf cg';f/ of] s'/f cd]l/sf ;dif k :tfj klg ul/psf] lyof]. of] k :tfj cd]l/sfn] rff8} g} nfu' ug{ rfx]sf] t/ ef/tn] o;} rfxgf;fu hf]8]/ k7fpsf] / o;};fu ;DalGwt Ps yk k :tfjn] cd]l/sfnfo{ clxn];dd ;f]rg] agfpsf] lyof]. Tof] xf], lgld{t ;fdu Lx jf c:qx dfq xf]og, s]xl cd]l/sl k ljlwx klg ef/tdf leq\ofp/ ef/t cfkm}n] cfjzos c:q lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/f. k ljlwsf] of] s'/f ef/tn] cfkm} xltof/ lgdf{0f ug]{ ;}Go kl/of]hgfx ;Fu k ToIf hf]l8psf] 5. xfn dfq g/]gb df]blsf] kfnfdf cfp/ ul/psf] of] ;xdltn] df]blsf] cfkm\g} b]zdf agfpm egg] glltnfo{ yk ;xof]u k'/\ofpsf] ef/tlo ;}Go ljzn]ifsx n] e'6fgsf] bf]snfddf lrlgoff ;]gfaf6 cgt/f{li6«o a]ohht x'g] u/l ef/t k5fl8 x6\g' k/]kl5 df]blsf] lgb g} x/fd epsf] 5. of] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ ef/tn] cd]l/sf;fu hn, yn / jfo' u/l tlgj6} ;]gfsf] ;+o'st ;}Go ceof;nfo{ klg cl3 a9fpg] 5. l56\6} g} of] ;}Go ceof; lxgb dxf;fu/df ul/g] cfgtl/s ;xdlt klg epsf] a'lemg cfpsf] 5. lbnnlsf ;'/Iff;DalGw hfgsf/ tyf ljzn]ifs uf]kfng afnfrgb gsf cg';f/ cd]l/sf;fu ul/psf] sf]dsf;f ;xdlt s/la bz jif{b]lv 5nkmndf lyof] / clxn] eof], of] Pp6f ce"tk"j{ qmde+u xf].ú Pp6f hflgdfgl cfpsf] tyo t s] klg xf] eg] cd]l/sfn] p;sf lj/fwl b]zx rlg / kfls:tfglj?4 ef/tnfo{ pkof]u u/l n8fofdf xf]dg s'6gllts kdf of] gllt clvtof/ u/]sf] :jtm :ki6 x'g5. csf]{lt/?;, rlg / d+uf]lnof nufotsf b]zx n]?;sf] ef]:6f]sdf s]xl lbgleq} ug{ yfn]sf] 7"nf] ;}Go ceof;nfo{ dgf]j}1flgs tyf k rf/ftds cf3ft k'/\ofpg klg 6«Dkn] of] ;xdlt ef/t;fu u/]sf] x'g;sg] ljzn]ifsx n] sf7df8f}+. cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«klto Oltxf;df 6«Dk k zf;g ;jf{lws cnf]slk o x'g k'u]sf] 5. o; cl3 klg /fi6«kltx cnf]slk o x'g], xtof ul/og] / dxfcleof]usf] eflubf/ x'g] t eps} Oltxf; 5. t/ l;+uf] k zf;g g} cnf]slk o x'g] / Pskl5 csf]{ u/l sf/jfxldf tflgg] ul/psf] eg] of] klxnf] k6s xf]. klxnf] s'/f t 6«Dksf] ljho g} ljjflbt ag]sf] lyof]. pgsf] hltnfo{ ;'lglzrt ug{ b'o{ r/0fdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg ul/psf] lyof]. bf]; f] s'/f, pgsf] hltdf /l;ofsf] ;+nugtf /x]sf] v'nf;f x'g k'u]sf] lyof]. t]; f] s'/f, pgn] k};fsf] cyfx rnv]n u/]sf lyp. ol s'/fx n] 6«Dk / pgsf] k zf;gnfo{ cd]l/sl hgtfn] Tolt of]uo / z'4 dfgo tof/ epgg\. hgtfsf cffvfdf 6«Dk xff;f]sf] kfq x'g up. hgdt Psflt/ / k zf;g csf]{lt/ x'g uof]. ef]6 lsgg', wffwnl ug'{ / ljho xfl;n ug'{ P6f s'/f xf], t/ hgtfsf] ljzjf; lng' eg]sf] legg s'/f xf]. o:tf] vfnsf] r'gfjl k[i7e"lddf 6«Dkn] dlxnfdfly u/]sf s]xl of}glnnfsf km]xl/:t klg ;fj{hlgs x'g yfn]. pgl;fu of}g ;Dks{df cfpsf dlxnfx n] s]xl u'gf;f / ltsttf klg kf]vg yfn]. To;f] t o:tf s'/f pgsf] r'gfjl bf}8df klg gcfpsf eg] xf]ogg\. 6«Dksf] arfpsf nflu pgsf ;Nnfxsf/, cf;]kf;] / k zf;g;dd klg hf]l8g yfn]. t/ ltglx n] oyfy{tf ;fj{hlgs x'fb} hffbf /fhlgfdf lbp/ xft w'fb} lgl:sp klg. kl5nnf] ;dodf cfp/ 6«Dksf k"j{ ;Nnfxsf/ hh{ kfkf]8f]k;n] /fhlgfdf lbp/ r'gfjtfsfsf cfkm\gf sdlsdhf]/lx :jlsf/ u/]. pgn] 6«Dksf] r'gfjl bf}/fgdf /l;ofsf] ;+nugtf / cfkm\gf] sdhf]/lnfo{ :jlsf/ u/]. kfkf]8f]k;n] egg] u/]sf lyp cfkm";fu tftsflng /fi6«klt pdd]bjf/ lxnf/l lsng6gsf cfgtl/s hljg;dalgw s]xl To:tf uf]ko ;"rgfx 5g\, h;n] pgnfo{ Wj:t agfpg ;S5.Ú pgn] untl u/]sf] s'/f Pkm\aLcfO{;fd' :jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\. pgn] ;Ton] dxtj /fvg]ú / /fd f] sfd ug{sf nflu km]l/ df}sf ldng]ú klg pgn] To;a]nf /l;ofnfo{ pknaw u/fpsf s]xl ;du L af/]df xfn cfp/ untl :jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\. To; afkt pgn] ( xhf/ % ;o 8n/ ltg'{kg]{ /!$ lbgsf] >dlzlj/df hfg' kg]{ km};nf ul/psf] 5. >d lzlj/df pgn] hgtfsf dfemdf sfd ug'{kg]{, w/f}6l hl/jfgf klg ltg'{kg]{ / hgtfdfem untl :jlsf/ ug'{kg]{ epsf] 5. k"j{ /fi6«klt a/fs cf]afdfn] cd]l/sl hgtf lgs} vt/gfs ;dodf afflr/x]sf pgn] jt{dfg /fi6«klt 6«DknfO{ cd]l/sl hgtfdf ljefhg NofPsf], cfly{s cy{tgq 8'afPsf] /?;;Fu glhlso/x]sf] tlg udel/ cf/f]kx nufpsf 5g\. sf7df8f}+. dn]l;ofdf g]kfnl b"tfjf;egbf ToxfF /x]sf bnfn tyf bnfn sdkglx emg} alnof b]lvpsf 5g\. tl alnof bnfn sdkglx n] ToxfF cj}wflgs kdf /x]sf g]kfnlx nfo{ b"tfjf; hfg glbp/ cfkm}n] dx+uf]] /sd c;'nl :jb]z lkmtf{ ug]{ ul//x]sf 5g\. dn]l;ofnl ;/sf/n] dn]l;ofdf cj}wflgs kdf n's]/ sfd ul//x]sf ljb]zl sfdbf/x nfo{ u[x b]zdf kms{gsf nflu ul/psf] k'gm cfxjfgsf] Ps ;ftfegbf a9l ;do lal;s]kl5 l;h{gf x'g k'u]sf] l:yltsf] clejolst xf] of]. g]kfnl b"tfjf;af6 cj}w elgpsf sfdbf/x nfo{ g]kfn k7fpfbf!*)) l/+u]6 b:t'/sf kdf nfug] u/]sf] 5. t/ bnfn tyf bnfn sdkglx af6 g]kfndf sfdbf/x sf] :jb]zl lkmlt{sf nflu eg] #))) l/+u]6 b:t'/ lng] ul/psf] 5. ToxfF afwotfn] n's]/ a;]sf / sfd ;lsp/ klg ;dodf g} 3/ kms{g g;s]sf sfdbf/x n] cfkm" cj}w /x]sf] sf/0f b"tfjf;;dd k'ug g;s]sf] atfpsf 5g\. hxff klg bnfnsf] laulaul /x]sf] / pgl?sf] ;+hfn b"tfjf;;fu hf]l8psf] x'gfn] dn]l;of l:yt g]kfnl sfdbf/x lgs} df/df k/]sf] b'v JoSt u/]sf 5g\. b"tfjf; / ToxfFl:yt sd{rf/lx sf cg';f/ tl cj}w g]kfnl sfdbf/x sxff x'g5g\ pglx nfo{ hfgsf/l g} x'g] u/]sf] 5}g. ToxfF a;]/ kqmfp k/l h]nsf] hljg b"tfjf;egbf alnof dn]l;ofnl bnfn latfpg' egbf bnfnx dfkm{t\ g]kfn kmls{g kfp klg Tof] 7"nf] sfd x'g] egb} bnfx n] g/fd f] sfd gu/]sf] :jlsf/ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. sd{rf/lx sf cg';f/ /sd s]xl dx+uf] lt/] klg b]z kms{g / cj}w a;]jfkt g]kfnlx n] h]n / oftgf t ef]ug' kl//x]sf] 5}g. xfn;dd klg g]kfnl cj}w sfdbf/x sf] ;+Vof dn]l;ofdf pnn]vo /x]sf] atfopsf] 5. xfdl klg 5f}+Ú M hd{gldf hfltjfblj/f]wl sg;6{ sf7df8f}+. hd{gldf cfof]lht Ps hfltjfb lj/f]wl sg;6{df ^% xhf/ dflg;x n] efu lnpsf 5g\. yf]/} dflg;x n] dfq efu lng] 7flgPsf] pst sg;6{df olt 7"nf] pkl:ylt P]ltxfl;s g} lyof]. Ps cfk jf;ln] rss' k xf/ u/]/ :yfglo hd{gsf] xtof u/]kl5 r/d blif0fkgylx n] xfdl dflg; xf}+ú eg]/ gf/f, h'n'z / k bz{g u/]sf lyp. To;kl5 hfltotfsf] cfuf] qmdzm ang yfn]sf] lyof]. o;nfo{ dty/ kfg{ / dfgjlo ;dj]bgf / ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ Ps sg;6{sf] cfof]hgf ul/of]. o;df hd{g tyf u}/hd{gx sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] dfqfdf pkl:yt eof]. :yfglo hd{gsf] xtofkl5 km}lnpsf] cfk jf;llj?4sf] cljzjf;, 3[0ff / b'zdglsf] 7fpFdf of] sg;6{n] cfk;l ljzjf;, k ]d / ;xsfo{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/]sf] 5. sg;6{df xfdl dflg; xf}+ú egg]x ;Fu} xfdl klg 5f}+Ú egg] klg Ps;fy lyp.

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To;}cg' k kfng kf]if0f u/]sf] x'g5. t/ ToxL ;Gtfg ;f]x ;qsf] jodf ha ef}lts kd} cj;fg x'g5, Tof]a]nf tl afa' cfdfsf] 5ftL s;/l km'6\bf] xf], csnkglo 5. d :taw ep. d'6' essflgp/ cfof]. 5ftL lgrf]l/p/ cfof] / cf vfaf6 a/{ c>'wf/ ;fpg] e]n ag]/ pln{of]. l/+u6f nfunf em}+ eof]. cfkm"nfo{ ;DxfNg] sf]lzif u/]+. cl8g] ;fx; k6ss} epg / an{+u} k5fl/p. d]/f] cf vf v'nbf ;fyln] ;fnsf] kftn] d]/f] d'vdf xlds+b} lyof]. d}n] kfgl dfu]+ ;fyln] ;fns} kftdf clnk/sf] vf]n;fb]lv kfgl lnof] / lknfolbof]. 3/ k'ug cem}+ 8]9 b'o{ 3G6f lx+8\ g'kyof]{. d]/l 5]f/Ls} ;djosf c? w]/} cg'xf/x PsPs u/l d]/f cf vf cufl8 gfrg cfp. s;}sf] lax] eo;s]sf] 5, sf]xl gf} bz siffdf k9\b}5g\. s;}n] SofDk; HjfOg u/]sf 5g\ / o;n] dnfo{ emg\ kl8f lbof]. d}n] cfîgf] dgnfo{ cgt} 8'nfP/ e'ng vf]h]+. /fx'n bfo, nfn ;nfd ÛÚ d eml:sp, k5fl8af6 ljbfyl{ ;+u7s lgt' b]vf kl/g\. nfn ;nfd ÛÚ eg]/ d}n] pgllt/ xft a9fp. 3/lt/ hf b} x'g'x'g5 <Ú lgt'sf] k Zgsf] hjfkm g} daf6 x/fof]. lsgls d cfkm}+ sxl+ p/f7nfubf] d?e"lddf x/fo/x]sf] lyp. d cfkm}+nfo{ xf]; geph:tf]. d 3/lt/ hf b}lyp jf cgoq st} < a]r}g b]lvg'x'g5, la/fdl x'g'x'g5 <Ú ctogt dfofnfubf] u/]/ pgn] ;f]lwg\. gfo, To:tf] 5}g.Ú d}n] olt;dd hjfkm lbg' cfîgf] g}lts st{jo 7fg]+. n, cufl8 lx+8\gf];\.ú d}n] pgnfo{ af6f] 5f]l8lbP. cx, tkfo{+ g} nfugf];\.ú pgl kl5 xlrsg vf]lhg\. gfo, gfo, tkfo{+ g} nfug';\.ú d c? kl5 ;/]+ / pgnfo{ af6f] lbp. pgl cl3 nflug\. d}n] pgnfo{ ;/{ k}tnfb]lv lz/;dd x]/]+. ol lgt' klg d]/} 5f]/LsL pd]/sl xf]lng\. ;'g]sf] lyp ev]/}{ kf6l{d} hgjfbl ljjfx ul/g\ /]. lgt', awfo 5, lax] ug'{ep5. Ú lgt' Ps}l5g nfhn] /ftf] eog\. tkfo{+sl eb} /Iffsf] klg t lax] x'g nfuofú5 lg.ú lgt'n] ;fob cfkm"dfly vlgg] c? k Zgx af6 efug rfxlgyg\. /Iffsf] lax] /] < sf];+u < slxn] x' b}5 < Ú Ps}rf]6L ol k Zgx cf]o/fp. c, xfd } ;+u7gsf] ozjgt;+u. /Iffn] ozjgtsf] k :tfj :jlsfl/;s]sl l5g\. Ú lgt'sf] hjfkmn] d 5f ufaf6 v;]h:tf] ep. d]/l 5f]/LeGbf Ps aif{n] sd pd]/sl /Iff ev{/ ;f]x f}+ a;gtsf] ;+3f/df kfonf 6]s]sL l5g\. clxno} pgsf] lax] < clg k :tfj kf; < ol xfd f sfo{stf{ klg s] x'g nfu]sf < k"0f{sfnlg sfo{stf{ ep/ sfd ug{yfn]sf] 5 dlxgf efú5}g lax]sf] nflu r6f/f] kf5{g\ clg kf6l{n] :jls[lt glbp 3'sL{ nufp 5g\ / knfog x'g5g\. 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To;}u/L k d'v lhnnf clwsf/l lht]g a:g]tnfo{ e]6l ;DalGwt c:ktfnx e/tk'/ c:ktfn, lgsf] afn c:ktfn, gf/fo0fl ;fd'bflos c:ktfn, k'/fgf] d]l8sn sn]h / lrtjg d]l8sn sn]hnfo{ nfk/afxl u/l afnssf] Hofg lnpsf]df sfjf{xlsf] dfu u/]sf] 5. k lhc a:g]tn] ;a} ;DalGwt c:ktfnx nfo{ @$ 306fleq lnlvt l/kf]6{ k]z ug{ elgpsf] lgx'f kf/]/ u'kr"kdf cf]nl ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zg / ldn]dtf]df g]kfnl tyf ef/tlo ;d'xn] g]kfnsf] ;Ldf gs;faf6 ;fj{ef}d g]kfnsf] e"efux x6fo{ ef/tlo ;Ldfleq b]vfp/ tof/ kfl/psf] / g]kfnsf k zf;g sfof{nox df em'08\ofopsf gssnl gs;fx t'/gt x6fp/ ;Ldf e"efusf] /Iff ul/g' kg]{ s'/fx p7fpfb} lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 ;/sf/n] tof/ u/]sf] gs;fdf sfnfkfglnfo{ g]kfnaf6 s6fp/ ef/tdf kfl/psf] / ToxL gs;f g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox df ;d]t 6fFUg] ul/psf] s'/f k sfzdf cfpsf] 5. of] ljifo ctogt} lj8dagfk"0f{ tyf cfklqhgs /x]sf] 5. o;af/] ;/sf/sf] gfkl ljefusf dxflgb]{zs / ljefulo dgqln] ;d]t untl epsf] :jlsf/ ul/psf] kfopsf] 5.Ú jt{dfg cf]nl ;/sf/n] ef/tlo zf;sk lt b]vfpsf] r/d bnfnl / rfs/lsf] whhl p8fpfb} g]kfnsf] ;fj}d;qf, df6f] / :jfledfg agws /fvg ul/psf x/]s st'{t / xys08fx sf] kf]n vf]nb} lj1lktdf yk elgpsf] 5 o;/l ef/tåf/f lgof]lht kdf oyfy{sf] lgn{hh kdf tf]8df]8 tyf ljb 'kls/0f u/l k :t't ul/psf] gs;fnfo{ k ltagw nufpg / ;/sf/l sfof{nodf To; k sf/sf gs;f /fvg]nfo{ sf/jfxl ;d]t ug{ ;/sf/åf/f cljnda sbd rflnof];\ egl xfdl hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+.ú k wfgdgql agg] lalqs} cf]nln] ef/t e d0f ul/g] / s'g} klg goff ;Demf}tf gul/g] egb} ef/t e d0fkl5!*!^ b]lvsf ;'uf}nl ;lgw nufotsf ;a} c;dfg ;lgwx sfof{gjogdf n}hfg] egl cf]nln] u/]sf ;a} ;lgwx sf] cg'df]bg / sfof{gogsf] kl/0ffd:j k g]kfnsf ;LdfIf]qsf /0fgLlts dxtjsf e"efux u'dg yfn]sf] k lt ;+j]bgzln x'fb} lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 7Ls oxl+g]/ csf]{ dxtjk"0f{ ljifo s] 5 eg] ;g\!*!^ sf] ;'uf}nl ;lgwåf/f lgwf{l/t ul/psf] xfd f] ;Ldf sfnlgbl -cyf{t\ dxfsfnl_ sf] pb\ud :yn lnldkofw'/f xf]. o:tf] dxtjk"0f{ ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f tof/ kfl/psf] gs;fdf klg pnn]v gul/psf] s'/f a'lemg cfpsf] 5. ctm lnldkofw'/f;ddsf] cv08 g]kfnl e"efunfo{ bzf{pg] u/l cljnda goff gs;f tof/ kfg{ / nfu" u/fpg ;d]t xfd f] kf6l{ ;/sf/l;t hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5.ú /fli6«otf, hgtgq / hghlljsfsf ;d:ofx ca ;+3if{ljgf xn x'g g;sg] cj:yfdf 3r]l6+b} nlupsf x'gfn] ljz]if ;+3if{sf] nflu p7l a:g kf6l{ k+lst / cfd hg;d'bfonfo{ cfxjfg ub}{ lj1lktsf] cgtodf elgpsf] 5 b]zsf] /fli6«o :jfwlgtf tyf cv08tfsf lgldt sfnfkfglsf ;fy} ;':tf, dx]zk'/ nufotsf b]zsf ljlegg efudf x'fb} cfpsf] ef/tlo lj:tf/jfbl x:tif]k tyf bf;x nfo{ Oltxf;ddf k9]sf] 5'. k'/f0fdf ;['g]sf] 5' / jt{dfgdf e]6]sf] 5'. gf/l kk lt n'aw ep/ k'?ifx n] 7"nf 7"nf ck/fw u/]sf y'k } 36gfx klg d}n] k9\g / ;'Gg kfpsf] 5'. dnfo{ cr]n d]/l eb} ;a'sf] k / of}jgb]lv 8/ nfug yfn]sf] 5. ;f]x aif{ k'ubf gk'ub} lax]sf] k :tfj < d lrgtfdug agb5'. /fx'n bfo ÛÚ lgt'sf] ;Daf]wgn] d eml:sp. xfdln] r'krfk w]/} af6f]sf] b"/l gflk;s]sf /x]5f}+. xfdl 5'l g] af6f] cfo;s]5. xfdln] k'gm xft ldnfof}+ / 5'l of}+. s}nx] kmls{g'x'g5 sfo{if]qdf <Ú lgt'n] hf bfhf b} ;f]lwg\. ;fob Psb'O{ lbg kl5. Ú d}n] olt egbf pgl k'ndf eml/;s]sl lyog\ / d}n] ToxL+ plep/ pgl k'nsf] knnf] 5]p k'ubf;dd x]l//x]+. ))) sl/a Ps dlxgfkl5 d}n] ;a'sf] Pl/of OGrfh{nfO{ kmf]g ;Dks{ u/]+. enfs';f/lsf] cf}krfl/s k lqmofkl5 d}n] ;a'sf] ljifodf lh1f;f /fv]+ s] 5, ;latfn] lax] ub}{l5g\ /] xf] < Ú c, of/ aafn eo/fú5. a? Ps k6s ;do ldnfp/ tkfo{ klg cfpg';\ g.ú pxf n] olt egbfgegb} ;]6sf] nfog s6\of], To;kl5 slt k of; ubf{ klg pxf ;+u ;Dks{ epg. ===aafn eo/fú5 ===Ú oxl jfsof+z d]/f] s0f{s'x/df k ltwjlgt eo/x\of]. s:tf] aafn xf] Tof] < s]xl unt cfz+sfx d]/f] dgleq plah+b} / lanfp b} up. d ;do ldnfp/ ;a'sf] Pl/oflt/ up. t/ ;+of]u pn6f] eof]. d}n] ;a'nfo{ e]6\g ;lsg. pgl ;+u7gsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf cgo Pl/oflt/ upsl /lx5g\. dleqsf] v'nb'nl / sf}t"xntfn] lkª v]ng yfnof]. cln ;f em k/]kl5 rfxgf cfok'lug\. d}n] ;a'sf] af/]df pgl;+u} ;f]w]+. s'/f] s] /x]5 eg] ;latfsf] k :tfj aflempsf] /x]5. cyf{t\ pgn] klxnf] k :tfj h;af/] d}n] ;'g]sf] lyp, To;nfO{ ntofolbpsl /lx5g\ / bf]>f] k :tfjnfo{ :jls[lt lbpsl /lx5g\. b'j} k :tfjsx cf cfkm\gf] bfaldf cl8u /x]5g\. em08} s'?o'4 xf]nfh:tf]. rfxgfn] ;a'sf] bf]>f] k :tfjssf] af/]df cfkm"n] yfxf kfphlt ljj/0f ;'gfog\. c? s'/fn] dnfo{ Tolt 5f]Pg. lsgls hft kft, wg ;DklQ, ol ;a} uf}0f s'/fx x'g\ / ;Rrf k ]dlx cfkm\gf] k ]dsf] nflu ol ;f/f s'/fnfo{ TofUg ;S5g\. t/ ha d}n] ;a'sf] 3/b]lv pqm k :tfjssf] 3/;Ddsf] b"/l gfk],+ d sxflnp. k"/f kf r lbgsf] k}bn af6f]. ljs6 e" w/ftn, sxl+ 3gf h+un, sxl+ sxfnlnfubf] psfnf], sxl+ h+3f/. cf]xf] Û pgl;+u w]/} 69f eog] snkgfn]dfq klg d]/f] cfª l;l/ë cltqmd0fsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug'{ afx]s xfd f ;fd' csf]{ ljsnk 5}g. t;y{, xfd f] kf6l{ ;Dk"0f{ b]zeqm zlqm tyf hg;d'bfol;t ljifosf] udel/tfnfo{ /fd f]l;t cftd;ft\ u/l ;+3if{sf] tof/l ug{ ljz]if cg'/f]w ;d]t ub{5.ú b]zsf]=== ;dob]lv hg:t/af6} va/bf/l ub}{ lkmtf{ ug{ g]kfndf s}of}+ ;+3if{x rn]sf] :d/0f ub}{ lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 ;g\!(^@ sf] rlg ef/t o'4sf bf}/fg / To; kzrft\ g]kfn / ef/tsf alrsf] pq/ klzrd l;dfgfsf] sfnfkfgldf c8\8f hdfp/ a;]sf] ef/tlo ;]gf t'?gt x6fpg' k5{ egg] dfu /fv]/ rf/ bzs egbf cl3 b]lv ;+3if{ rnb} cfpsf] 5. ef/tn] tof/ kf/]sf] sfnfkfgl g]kfnaf6 x6fp/ ef/tdf kf/]sf] gszf g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox df ;d]t 6fFug] ul/psf] / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgzfgf 5fkdf ;d]t sfnfkfgl ufoa ul/psf] tyo ;fj{hlgs epkl5 o;n] g]kfnl /fhglltdf goff t/ë NofPsf]] 5. ef/tlo gszfdf sfnfkfgl nufot ^@ ju{ ls=ld e"efu ef/tdf uflepsf] 5 / oxl gs;f g]kfnsf ;/sf/l sfof{nodf em'8\fopsf 5g\.Ú g]kfndf rln/x]sf] slyt jfdkgylsf] ax'dtsf] ;/sf/ / o;sf] ef/tlo zf;sk ltsf] bnfnl, rfs/l / nfrf/lnfo{ O+lut u/l lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 sfnfkfgl ufoa ul/psf] lgzfg 5fk k of]udf cfo/x]sf] 5. gfkl ljefusf pkdxflgb]{zsn] o:tf] epsf] :jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\ / ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ ls o;af/] k6s k6s egbf klg ;'g'jfo epg. pgs]f egfocg';f/ g]kfnl gszfdf sflnkfgl g]kfnleq} kb{5, t/ ef/tn] 5fk]sf] gszf g} k of]udf cfo/x]sf] 5. of] s'/f ljefulo dgqln] ;d]t :jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\.Ú c?sf] b]zdf hful/ vfg upsf g]kfnlx csf{sf] :jfy{ / e"ldsf nflu hlt axfb'/lsf ;fy n8]sf 5g\ eof]. dnfo{ cem}+ ;Demgf 5 d]/l 7"nL a}glsf] lax] x' bf ha a}glnfo{ 8f]nLdf cgdfpg]a]nf ef], d]/f] a'jf 8fsf] 5f]8]/ Sjf Sjf u/l?g'epsf] lyof]. pkm\ Û s:tf] x' bf]/x]5 of] cfkm\gf] ;Gtfgk ltsf] dfof. x'g t ;a' d]/l cfkm\gl ;Gtfg xf]ogg\ t/ klg pgsf] cg'xf/df cfkm\gl 5f]/Lsf] cg'xf/ emnemnl b]v5'. ta g} dnfo{ pglk lt dfof emg\ uf9f ep/ cfp 5. d Ps eofgs cfz+sfn] 3]l/g k'u5'. syd\sbflrt pqm k :tfjsn] u2f/l u of] eg] d]/l ;a'sf] s] bzf xf]nf < pgsf] lgldt dfq b'o{6f ljsnk x'g;s5g\ ls t pm;+u} ;xdt ep/ qmflgtk lt u2f/l ug]{ ls eg] pm;+u ;DaGw ljr5]b ug]{. ol b'j} s'/fn] d]/f] x[bonfo{ ;dfg kn] cf3ft k' ofp 5g\. 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Tof] egbf xhf/f}+ u'0ff ;fx; / cff6sf ;fy g]kfnln] cfkm\gf] e"ld /Iffsf nflu n8\g tof/ 5g\ egb} lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 d'vo s'/f s] xf] eg] ttsfnlg ef/tsf] a[l6z ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf alr ;g\!*!^ df epsf] ;'uf}nl ;lgwdf g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;Ldfgf sfnl gblsf] d'xfg lnldkofw'/fnfo{ dflgpsf] 5. t/ To;kl5sf] g]kfnn] tof/ kf/]sf] gs;fdf klg ;f] e"efu ;d]l6psf] 5}g. To;sf/0f, lnldkofw'/f;ddsf] hddff #&@ ju{ lsnf]ld6/sf] cltqmldt g]kfnl e"efu g]kfns} sfod /xg] u/l gszf lgdf{0f u/l To;nfO{ sfod u/fpg ;/sf/;fu xfdl hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+. of] dfu k"/f gul/pdf o;sf] lgldq of] ;/sf/ lhdd]jf/ 7xl/g] 5. o;sf lj?4 ;+3if{ afx]s xfd f cufl8 csf]{ ljsnk affsl /xg] 5}g.Ú b]hdf]=== dfcf]jfbl_sf s]; tyf uf]/vf OGrfh{ lgzrn, qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfblsf s]gb Lo ;Nnfxsf/ 8f= ejfgl kf08], al/i7 dfgjclwsf/jfbl g]tf 6]sgfy a/fn, g]skf -dfn]_sf sf:sl ;lrj 6]sgfy e08f/l, g]skf -s ]n;d"x_ sf k ltlglw dlg; e /fo{, qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl sf:sl ;lrj s0f{ k'g, qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnusf lhnnf cwoif /fhs'df/ ;'gf/, clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;+3-qmflGtsf/L_sL lhnnf cwoif pld{nf >L;nufotsf jqmfx n] ;Dd]ng ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf dgtjo k :t't u/]sf lyp. ;+ud ;ff:s[lts d~rsf snfsf/x n] qmflgtsf/l ult ;+ult k :t't u/]/ ;Dd]ngnfO{ cem phf{zln agfpsf] ;Dd]ngdf qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfblsf lkljpd tyf $ g+= k b]z ;lrj Zofd,, kf6l{ s]; tyf sf:sl OGrfh{ c?0f, kf6l{ s]; tyf gjnk'/ tgx'f OGrfh{ cg's"n, b]hdf] s]gb Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o xl/s[i0f uh'/]n, kf6l{ s]; lx/f, b]hdf] s];x ;'lznf yfkf / eldaxfb'/ >L;, g]kfn /fli6«o k fwofks ;+u7gsf s]gb Lo sljtf d]/f] b]z OlGb/f clwsf/l htftt} zf;slo v8]/l k/]/ df6f], df6f] dflysf] h'/] cffvf a]:;/l /f]o/x]sf] 5. x/]s bnfnl b08n] cem pm ef]sf] t'jfr'ª 9f8 yª\lynf] eo{ slqmpsf] 5. ltd f] c;}x\o n]ˆ6 /fo6sf] k/]8n] tnsf] ula{nf] ;dy/ 5ftL w'hf w'hfdf vl08t 5. s}of}+ k6s o;/l g} n'l6+b} rf]ol6+b} lryf]l/+b} d]/f] b]z k ;j kl8fdf d'6' kufn]/ lrrofo/x]sf] 5. P Û df6f]sf] k frlg e '0fx xf] cfpm ;a};a} bf;tf etsfpg a]lyltx hnfpg clg kf] t d]/f] b]z g]kfn uj{n] d':s'/fpg] 5. ;ldltsf pkfwoif k/z'/fd sf]o/fnf, cg]d;+3 -qmflgtsf/l_ s]; snkgf yfkf, clvn g]kfn hg;ff:s[lts dxf;+3sf s]; sfhlafa' >]i7, 5GTofn d'lqm df]rf{sf s]gb Lo ;+of]hs adaxfb'/ 5GTofn, td' d'lqm df]rf{ g]kfnsf s]gb Lo ;lrjfno ;b:o 6]s axf'b/ u'?ª, blnt d'lqm df]rf{sf s]; ;Ltfb]jL kl/of/, clvn g]kfn qmflgtsf/l 6«]8 o"lgog dxf;+3 sf:sl cwoif k ]d ljs, cg]/f:jo" -qmflgtsf/l_ sl ;+of]hs ;Demgf kl/of/, clvn g]kfn qmflgtsf/l ;'s'daf;l ;+3sf ;+of]hs afa'/fd ldhf/, qmflgtsf/l kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s]gb Lo ;b:o /fh]gb ;'j]blnufotsf g]tfx cltlysf] kdf pkl:yt /x]sf lyp. qmflgtsf/l=== u/l tlg txdf /x]sf tlg y/lsf ;/ sf/x?n] u/]sf s/ j[l4, dx+\ul, 8f] h/ cftª\s / ljlegg ljb't kl/of] hgfdf epsf] /fi6«3ft nufotsf y'k } ljifox?df cfkm\gf] egfo /fvb} ca cfgbf]ngsf] ljsnk gepsf] s'/ fdfly hf]8 lbpsf lyp. pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] z'esfdgf dgtjosf] sfo{qmddf af]nb} s0ff{nl k b]zsf sfo{afxs ;]qm]6/l tyf sfo{qmdsf ljz]if cltly rqmkf0fl zdf{n] clxn]sf] b'o{ltxfo{ ;/ sf/n] hgtfnfo{ /fxt dx;'; u/ fpg' egbf pn6} cfxft lbpsf] egb} s/ j[l4nufotsf hghlljsfsf ;d:ofx?;fu} /fli6«otf / hg3ftsf sfdx? klg ul//x]sf] s'/f v'nf;f u/] sf lyp. pgn] of] ;/sf/ sdo'lgi6 ;/sf/ geo{ bnfnx?sf] ;/sf/ epsf] atfpsf lyp. sfo{qmd lhnnf OGrfh{ blksaxfb'/ zfxlsf] cwoiftfdf epsf] lyof] eg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng e/t /]UdLaf6 epsf] lyof]. dfr{kf;;lxt=== lrq0f ub}{ jt{dfg ;/sf/n] zflgt / ;d[l4sf] gf/f lbo/xfbf nfvf}+ g]kfnl o'jfx vf8l d'n'sdf cfkm\gf] >d kl;gf aufpg afwo epsf] s'/fnfo{ cu k[i7df /flvpsf] 5. lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5 ;dsflng b]zx n] bif, cbif >d zlqm cgo b]zx af6 vl/b u/l yk ;d[l4lt/ nlds/xfbf xfd f] b]z eg] /]ld6fg; kl s/sf] nf]edf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ a9fpg] / o'jfx nfo{ ljb]lzg ptk ]l/t ug]{ WofpGgdf /x]sf] s'/f ;lhn} a' g ;lsg5. o'jfx eljiosf] lrgtfn] dfgl;s, dgf]j}1flgs / ef}lts kl8fx a]xf]b}{ 56kl6O/x]sf] cj:yfdf, tl o'jfx nfo{ b]z lgdf{0f / ;d[l4lt/ nufpg] s'/f g;f]rg' lj8djgf g} dfgg'k5{.ú

{ { { dfs;{jfb=== k fljlws qmflgtn] dfgj ;dfhsf] cufl8 k s[ltsf] sfofsnksf] nflu, ljk'n ef}lts ;Dkbfsf] ;[li6 / dflg;sf] of]uotf a[l4sf nflu ck"j{ ;Defjgfx v'nnf (Discharged) u/]sf]5. of] qmflgt hl6n / ax'kiflo kl/36gf xf]. ljsf;df o:sf goff goff k / ;f/ k s6 x'g] ub{5. dflg; lbdfu rnfpg] -;f]rg ;Sg]_ t/ sdhf]/ tg epsf] ;fdflhs k f0fl xf]. vfgf,a:g / ;'/Iffsf] nflu dflg;n] k yd xftsf] k of]u u of] t/ xftx kof{kt gepkl5 9' +uf, 3' Fofqf], efnf, a5l{, wg'sff8, e?jf agb's x' Fb} cfh aflnli6s ld;fon ;d]tsf] k of]u ug] epsf]5. bf]; f] v' fn] dfq lx8]/ kof{kt gep kl5 3f]8f, /ffuf], xftlsf] k of]u ub} { cfh df]6/, 6«]g, xjfo{ hxfh, kfgl hxfhsf] k of]u ug] 7fpFdf cfo{k'u]sf]5. t]; f] kz' r/fpg] dflg;n] cfuf]sf] vf]h u/]kl5 u'kmfaf6 s[lifdf cfok'u]. clg xnf], sf]bfn], s"6f] x' Fb} cfh 6«]S6/, kfgl k7fpg] kdk d]l;g, s'nf] gx/ k of]u ug] { ca:yfdf cfo{k'u]sf5g\. / rf}yf] cf}bf]lus qmflgtn] 7"nf 7"nf pbf]u wgbfx v'n] / ToxFf k' FhL / dhb'/x sf] ;+s]gb 0f eof]. clxn] xfdln] eg]sf] j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtsf] k f/de klxnf] :jrflnt n]ynfo{g, k/df0f' / gfeslo pks/0fx tyf sdk'6/sf] lgdf{0f, k yd s[ltd e" pku xsf] k If]k0f, /;folgs ;+Zn]if0f, ;'Id On]S6«f]lgs vf]h, cflb h:tf ck"j{ pknlawx af6 eof]. ljutsfnegbf clxn] s] km/s 5 eg] cfh j}1flgs pknlawx nfo{ ptkfbgdf nufog5. t;y{ of] qmflgt lj1fg / k ljlwdf Ps;fy AofKt eof]. o;}nfo{ j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgt elgg5. @! cf} + ztfabl;fu cfpsf cfw'lgs sdko'6/, cfw'lgs /f]a6, k/df0f' phf{ pbf]u, ;"rgf qmflgt, h}ljs k ljlwsf] ljsf;, cflbn] dfgj hfltsf] eljionfo{ ;'vl ;DkGg x'g;sg] kl/l:ylt lgdf{0f ug] { Ifdtf /fvb5 t/ ;fd fhojfblx n], -s_ ol k ultnfo{ z:qf:t xf]8df nufpsfn] To;af6 dfgj hfltsf nflu 3fts ljlelifsf ptkgg gxf]nf egg ;lsgg. -v_ k' FhLjfb cgtu{t j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtaf6 x'g] pknlaw ;Dk"0f{ ;dfhsf] gep/ k' FhLjfbL Psflwsf/Lx n] g} kmfobf p7fpfb5g\. pglx n] o;sf] pkof]u k' FhLsf] l:yltnfo{ dhj'b agfpg, >lds hgtfnfo{ zf]if0f ug{ / clwstd gfkmf sdfpgsf nflu ub{5g\. o;af6 a]/f]huf/l, d'b fl:kmlt / dx+ul a9\g hfg5. k' FhLjfbL ;dfhdf k' FhLjfbLx sf] jul{o :jfy{sf sf/0fn] ubf{ lj1fg k ljlwsf] pknlawnfo{ dfgjhflts} lxt lj?4 nufo{g5. #_ j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn] cf}bf]lus k'fhljfbnfo{ lj:yfkg u of] < k'fhljfbcgtu{t, hxff ptkfbg lj:tf/sf] p2]zo w]/}egbf w]/} gfkmf a6'ng' x'g5, j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtsf] pknlawx nfo{ ptkfbgdf ul/g] k of]un] >dsf] ptkfbgzlntfnfo{ j[xt dfqfdf a[l4 ub{5 / ;fy;fy} a]/f]huf/l hgdfpfb5. ToxL cwoogaf6 sfn{ dfs;{n] s] k dfl0ft u/]sf lyp eg] k'fhljfbn] hljg ;fwgx af6 j~rlt ck]iffs[t cltl/qm >lds hgtfnfo{ lg/gt/ hgd lbfb}/x]sf] x'g5. P+u]N;n] ;dfhjfbm sfnklgs tyf j}1flgsúdf eg]sf5g\ M Psflt/ d]l;gx sf] lg/gt/ k ult, hf] k lt:kwf{sf] sf/0f k Tos sf/vfgf dflnssf] nflu clgjfo{ x'g5 / h;sf] sf/0f dhb'/ lg/gt/ a9\bf] ;FVofdf lj:yflkt x'g5g\. cf}bf]lus l/he{ ;]gf. csf]{lt/, ptkfbgsf] ;LdfxLg lj:tf/. k lt:kwf{ cgtu{t of] klg x/]s sf/vfgf dflnssf] nflu clgjfo{ agb5. b'a}tkm{ ptkfbs zlqmx sf] ck"j{ ljsf;ù dfu egbf a9l cfk"lt{ù clt ptkfbg, dfnx n] el/e/fp ahf/, k Tos bzf}+ aif{df ;+s6, b':rqm Psflt/, ptkfbgsf ;fwgx / pkhsf] clwstfù clg csf]{tkm{, hlljsfsf] ;fwgx 4f/f jl~rt a]/f]huf/ dhb'/x sf] clwstf -dfs;{ P+u]N; ;+=/=v08 @$Ù!(*( M #%%Ù k ult k sfzg -c+u ]hl_. t/ ptkfbg / ;fdflhs ;d[l4sf ol b'a} ef/afxsn] (levers) Ps;fy sfd ug{ kfpfb}gg\ lsgeg] k'fhljfbl ptkfbg k 0ffnL cgtu{t ptkfbs zlqmx n] tj;dd cf/fdbfol / e/kbf]{ ofqfsf nflu xfdlnfo{ ;Demg'xf];\. ldt]/l oftfoft P08 c6f] k f=ln= k wfg sfof{no M sn+sl, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g g+= M )! %@@%@*!, %@@%)#$ lassl zdf{ u'/fuffo{ -(*%!!(%**(_ t]x y'd ;Dks{ M l8nn/fd /]UdL -(*%@)^)@%$_ kmf]g g+= M )@^ $^)@%$ s[kof, l6s6 / l/he{sf nflu xfdlnfo{ ;Demg'xf];\. sfd ug{ ;Sb}gg\, hj;dd ltglx nfo{ klxn] k'fhlsf] k lbg ;ls+b}g. t/ of] ltglx sf] clwstfs} sf/0f ;Dej x'g ;Sb}g. o;af6 of] k dfl0ft x'g5 ls k'fhlkltju{ :jod\ cfˆgf ;fdflhs ptkfbs zlqmx sf] Aoj:yfkg ug{ cof]uo 7xl/Psf]5. P+u]N;n] eg]sf5g\ ptkfbgsf / ;~rf/sf 7"nf 7"nf ;+:yfgx klxn] HjfOG6 :6s sdklgx, To;kl5 6«i6x / cgtodf /fhosf] clwsf/df x'g'n] of] k dfl0ft x'g5 ls k'fhlkltju{ Pp6f kmfnt' ju{ agg upsf]5. To;sf ;a} ;fdflhs ;+:yfx cj j]tgef]ul sd{rf/lx 4f/f ;Dkflbt x'g5g\ú -pxl_. P+u]N;sf] egfo{ k'li6 epsf]5 ls, j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn], 7"nf k'fhlkltx nfo{ k/hljl agfo{lbpsf]5. pglx sf] pbd Aoj;fox sf] ;+rfng j]tgef]ul sd{rf/lx 4f/f ul/g] x'fbf pglx ptkfbg k s[ofdf k"0f{tm cgfjzos agb5g\. bif j]tgef]ul sd{rf/lx -cfh team of Supermanagers elgg5_ kl/>d ul/vfg] hgtfsf] k ToIf zf]if0fsf nflu lhdd]jf/ x'g5g\. k ltof]lutf pu t/ x'g] / j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtsf sf/0fn] k'fhl clws ;+s]lgb t x'g5. Psflwsf/L k'fhlkltx n] clxn] ax'/fli6«o sdklgx df Psfa4 eo{ k'fhlnfo{ yf]/} dflg;sf] xftdf ;+s]lgb t ub}{5g\. o;af6 ljzjsf ptkll8t /fi6«/ >d ul/vfg] hgtfnfo{ a9legbf a9l n'6\g] sfd epsf]5. kl5nnf] sfndf j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtn] ;"Id On]S6«f]lg;sf] ljsf; u/]af6 k'fhlsf] kifw/ gjdfs;{jfblx dhb'/sf] >d cgfjzos x'fb}5, dhb'/ ju{ lj3l6t x'fb}5 / k'fhljfbsf] lrxfg vgg]x sf] ljzj P]ltxfl;s e"ldsf u'db}5ú eg]/ v';l epsf 5g\. t/ Pp6f cwoogn] s] b]vfpsf] 5 eg] k'fhljfbl ljsf;n] s[lifif]qnfo{ cf}bf]lusls/0f ug]{ epsfn] ;+Vof s6f}tl x'g5 / 7"nf pbf]ux df klg cfw'lgs k ljlwsf] ljsf;n] /f]huf/ldf s]xl s6f}+lt x'g] ub{5. ltgsf t'ngfdf ;]jf If]qdf /f]huf/l j[l4 epsf] b]lvg5. t/ klg ;To s] xf] eg] s[lif>ddf cfwfl/t d'n'ssf] ljsf; ;Dej 5}g. t;y{ cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf] cg'ejn] s] b]vfp5 eg] lt d'n'sx n] plxn] cf}bf]lus qmflgt ;DkGg u/]kl5 ;]jf If]qdf k j]z u/]sf x'g\. tf klg cfh ;Ddsf] tyofín] s] k dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 eg] s[lif, pbf]u / Jofkf/ If]qn] g} lt b]zx sf] ufx{:y ptkfbgdf d"vo of]ubfg k' ofpsf] 5. tflnsf g+=! tflnsf g+= @ cjlwdf ljsl;t k'fhljfbl b]zx sf] ;]jf If]qdf &) *) k ltzt /f]huf/l /x]sf] b]lvg5. t/ ;]jfleq ;/sf/l k zf;g, ;'/Iff tyf lziff / :jf:yo k"0f{tm hgtfsf] s/af6 rn]sf] b]lvg5. csf]{ tflnsfdf -tf=g+=@_ k f] lks]6ln] k mfg; / a]nfotsf] ;g\!&&) @)!)sf] /fli6«o cfosf] k'fhlut cfo -nufg, gfkmf, nfefd;, Jofh ===_ #) $) k ltzt / >d cfo -Hofnf / u}/ Hofnf_ ^) &) k ltzt /x]sf] lyof] -lks]6l, k]= @)) @)!_. o;af6 s] k'li6 x'g5 eg] cfhsf] ;fd fhojfb eg]sf] klg skf]{/]6 cf}bf]lus k'fhljfb g} xf] / dhb'/ ju{ cem} klg k'fhljfbsf] lrxfg vgg] P]ltxfl;s e"ldsfaf6 kl5 x6]sf] 5}g. $_ cjsf] ;fd fhojfb o'4 rfxfb}g Û dfs;{ PË]N;sf] ;dodf lg/gt/ bf]xf]l/g] cf}bf]lus dxfdgbln] 7"nf 7"nf k'fhljfbl sf/f]jf/x rf}k6 x'g hffbf ptkfbgsf ;fwgx sf] j[xt /fzlx sf] ;fdfhls/0fsf] kdf ljlegg k sf/sf 7"nf 7"nf HjfOG6 :6s sdklgx sf] pbo epsf] lyof] / ltglx g} kl5 Psflwsf/df jblnpsf lyp. ltg} Psflwsf/L k'fhljfbl ljzjsf 7"nf 7"nf ;d'xsf] g]t[tj u/]/ ;fd fhojfbl d'n'sx n] k yd / bf]>f] ljzjo'4 /r]sf lyp. To;k sf/sf] Psflwsf/ k'fhljfbnfo{ g} n]lgn] ;fd fhojfb eg]sf x'g\. cfhsf] ;fd fhojfb klg Psflwsf/ k'fhljfb g} xf] t/ To;sf] ;+/rgf / rl/qdf ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g h?/ epsf] 5. clxn] ljzj cy{tgqnfo{ sg6«f]n ug]{ %)) j6f ax'/fli6«o tyf k//fli6«o sdkglx 5g\ h;sf] cfwfhltsf] g]t[tj cd]l/sf :jod\sf] xftdf /x]sf] 5. ;fd fhojfbl zlqmx n] k"j{ pklgjz tyf k"j{ cw{ pklgj]zl d'n'sx sf] l;dfgfleq cfˆgf] ptkfbg, ljq / k ljlwsf] ljgf/f]s6f]s ul/g] skf]{/]6 k'fhljfbl k jfxnfo{ gjpbf/ls/0fú sf] gfd lbpsf lyp. t/ ;g\!(*) b]lv cfpsf] shf{ z+s6nfo{ Yofr/ /]ug yf]/fklúdfkm{t xn ug{ ljzj a}+s / cgt{/fli6«o d'b f sf]ifsf] ljqlo nufgldf cnk ljsl;t b]zx df ;+/rgfut ;dfof]hgú nfu' ul/of]. ;g!(() df ;f]ljot ;+3 lj36g epkl5 To;nfO{ ljzj Jofkf/ ;+u7g -!((%_ dfkm{t cl3 a9foof] / ;g @))) ;Dddf o;n] ljzjd} ;+:yfut k e'tj sfod ug{ ;Sof]. ;fd fhojfblx n] gjcf}klgj]lzs glltnfo{ e'd08nls/0f gfdfs/0f u/]. t/ klzrdf zlqmx sf] of] gllt w]/} lbg rng ;s]g. ljzj jx'w 'adf afl8g k'uof].?;sf] g]t[tjdf rlg, ef/t, k mfg; / o'=p;=p= df If]qut /f]huf/l -!*)) @)!@_-s'n /f]huf/lsf] k ltzt_ k mg; cd]l/sf jif{ -;g\_ s[lif pbf]u ;]jf s[lif pbf]u ;]jf!*)) ^$ @@!$ ^*!*!#!()) $# @( @* $! @* #!!(%) #@ ## #%!% #$ %) @)!@ # @! &^ @!* *) ; f]t M Piketty (2014 : 91), Capital in 21 st Centenary k mfg;, hd{gl, a]nfot / cd]l/sf -;g\!*)) @)!@_ ;]jf If]qdf /f]huf/l -k ltztdf_!_ :jf:yo / lziffdf @) k ltzt egbf dfly -hgtfsf] s/af6 ;~rflnt_ @_ xf]6n / 6'l/Hddf @) k ltzt #_ cgo kmd{ If]q -sg;n6lª, l8hfog, n]vf, 8f6f k f];];lª cflb_ l/on :6]6 / ljqlo If]q -a}+s, OG;'/]G;, cflb_ 6«fG:kf]{/]zg If]q $_ ;/sf/l k zf;g / ;'/Iff If]q -;fdfgo k zf;g, cbfnt, ;]gf k x/l, cflb_ @) k ltzt!) k ltzt -hgtfsf] s/af6 ;~rflnt_. k'fhlsf] @)) jif{sf] Oltxf;sf] cwoog u/]sf k l;4 cy{zf:ql k f= lks]6lsf] lgisif{ s] 5 eg] clxn] klg cf}bf]lus If]q g} ljsl;t k'fhljfbl d'n'sx sf] cfly{s d]?b08 xf], /fli6«o cfosf] d'vo >f]t xf]. k f]= lks]6lsf] cg';f/ lghn] u/]sf] cwoog a flhn, blif0f clk msf ldn]/ la S;Ú sf] sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] 5. of] sfo{qmdn] ljljw cd]l/sl ;fd fhojfbsf] ;fd' udel/ r'gf}lt v8f u/]sf] 5. rlgn] 5' } Ps k]6l Ps dfu{ú sf] sfo{qmd dfkm{t cfkm' s]gb / Tof] sfo{qmd;fu hf]l8g] d'n'sx nfo{ k]l/km]/ldf /fv]sf]5. ;fy} rlgn] Pl;og OGkmfOi6«r/ a}+sú v8f u/]/ ljzj a}+snfo{ / lkkn; a}+s ckm rfogfú v8f u/]/ cgt/f{li6«o d'b fsf]ifnfo{ r'gf}tl lbpsf] 5. cd]l/sl /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 6«Dkn] cd]/lsf k yd sf] gllt lnpkl5 k]l/; hnjfo' ;Demf}tfaf6 / O/fgsf] k/df0f' ;Demf}tfaf6 kl5 x6\g] lg0fo{ lnpsf] / cfoft s/df j[l4 u/]sf], cfˆgf ;xof]ulx dfly lg/gt/ s6'tf a9fo/x]sf], cflb sf/0fn] cd]l/sfsf] ljzjjofkl g]t[tj Iffdtfdf x f; cfpsf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf rlgsf] k efa a9\g ;Sg] b]lvg5. cd]l/sf ljzjjofkl g]t[tjsf] e"ldsfaf6 kl5 x6\b} hfg] / rlgn] To;sf] ljsnkdf ljzj g]t[tj a9fpfb} n}hfg] l:ylt ag]sf] 5. cd]l/sfn] cgt/fli6«o Jofkf/ tyf nufgln] l;h{gf u/]sf] e"d08nls/0fsf] e"ldsfaf6 kl5 x6\g] 3f]if0ff u/];fu} rlgn] lrlgoff rl/qsf] e"d08nls/0fnfo{ hf]8 lbpsf] 5. pqm sf/0fx n] ubf{ cd]/lsf / goff pblodfg zlqmx sf] jlrdf l9nf] jf rff8f] o'4 x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ gsfg{ ;lsb}g. csf]{ kf6f]af6 klg egg] xf] eg] dwok"j{, sf]l/of k fo4lk, blif0f rlg ;fu/, cflb If]qdf a9\b} upsf] 4G4x / k'fhljfbl nfdf] cfly{s ;+s6, k'fhl ;+ro tyf s]lgb s/0fsf] tlj nfnrsf] sf/0f lgldtpsf] 4G4 / ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ;fd fhojfblx n] cgttm o'4af6} ug{ vf]hb5g\ / To;sf nflu cfjzos tof/l / k of]u ;d]t ub{}5g\. clxn] cd]l/sfn] u/]sf] :k]; kmf];{sf] s'/f] klg tof/ls} s'/f] xf] / o;af6 klg ljlegg If]qLo o'4x sf] vt/f a9\g yfn]sf] b]lvg5. %_ ;dfhjfb / j}1flgs k fljlws ljsf; klxn] klxn] ptkfbgsf] k'fhljfbl k4ltn] dhb'/x nfo{ a]sf/ agfpfbyof] eg] clxn] To;n] k'fhlkltju{nfo{ klg sfd aflx/sf] t/ al;vfg] ju{ agfpsf] 5. cfw'lgs kf'hljfbl /fhon] k'fhljfbl ptkfbg ;DaGwsf] -cgt/lj/f]w_xn ug{ ;Sb}g, a? rsf{pg] sfd ub{5. t;y{ o;sf] ;dfwfg tj g} x'g ;Qm5 ha ;dfhn] l;wf / k ToIf kn] ptkfbs zlqmx dfly lgogq0f ub{5 / ptkfbsn] ptkfbgsf ;fwgx Pj+ ptkfbgsf] ;fdflhs :j ksf] pkof]u cfˆgf] k s[ltsf] k"0f{ 1fgsf;fy ug]{5g\. ta pglx lj>[ª\vntf Pj+ ;do ;dodf lj36gsf] sf/0f g/x]/ :jo+ ptkfbgsf] ;aegbf zlqmzfnl pqf]ns agg]5g\ -P+u]N;,;dfhjfbÙ sfnklgs / j}1flgs_. j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgt, hf] @)cf}+ ztfablsf] pq/fw{sf] Ps rdtsf/ lyof] n] ptkfbs zlqmx sf], lj1fg tyf k ljlwsf] j}1flgs ljsf;sf] nflu ;Ldflxg ;+efjgfx vflnlbpsf]5. t/ ljsl;t k'fhljfbl b]zx df o;n] Jofks a]/f]huf/l, s/f]8f}nfo{ a]sf/ s+ufnl / cefjlt/ ws]lnlbg] sfd u/]sf]5. o'4 yf]k/]/ z/0ffylx sf] cf]o/f] nufpsf]5. ef]sd/l k'fhljfbl hutsf] ljs/fn ;d:of ag]sf]5. k'fhljfbl d'n'sx df nfvf}+ dflg; 3/af/ ljlxg 5g\ / kmf]xf]/ em'k8lx df a:5g\ / s'kf]if0fsf] lzsf/ ag]sf 5g\. Psflwsf/jfbLx eg] gfkmfsf] nflu kof{j/0f v]t / jg\, gbl / ;fu/ jftf/0f / e"ue{nfo{ ;d]t lgd{dtfk"j{s ljgi6 ub}{5g\. To;sf] kl/0ffd k[yjl k f0fl hutn] ef]ug' k/]sf]5. s] s/f]8f} >dhljlx / k[yjlsf ;a} dflg;sf] lxtcg' k ;fdflhs kl/l:yltx sf] lgdf0f{ c;dej 5 < j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] l;4fgtn] o;sf] ;s/ftds hjfkm dfq glbp/ a? ;dfwgsf] ;fwg klg b]vffpb5. ah'{jf Joj:yfeGbf legg, ;dfhjfb cgt{ut JolQmsf] ;jf{+ul0f ljsf; s]xl r'lgpsf] d' Le/ dflg;sf] nflu gep/, a? ;a} >lds hgtfsf nflu x'g5 / ljz]if ;'ljwf x'g5. ;dfhjfb cgt{ut ptkfbg hgtfsf] xftdf x'g5 / dflg;4f/f dflg;sf] zf]if0f, ;fdflhs ptkl8g ljz]ifflwsf/ k fkt u/]sf cnk;+vofsf] ;Qf, u/lal / nfvf}+ dflg;n] ef]u]sf] g/if/tfnfo{ b'jf{ro /fdrgb x'dfufo{ ug'{u/] sfuhl ljsf;n] u0ftgq :yfkgfkl5 g]kfnsf ;/sf/l sfof{nosf sfuhl ljsf; x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfn ;DkGg e};s]sf] x'g] lyof]. t/ sfuhdf ljsf; / ;dfrf/df dfq} epsf ljsf;sf s'/f b]lvfbf /x]g5g\. b 'tdfu{ / kmf:66«ofs clg sf7df8f}+sf] aflx/l rqmky lgdf0f{sf] s'/f p7]sf]!% jif{ gfl3;s]sf] 5. Tof] jif{ hlgdpsf] afns ao:s x'g yfln;sf] 5. t/ kmf:66«ofs agg' t stf xf] stf, To;sf] l8hfog klg tof/ epsf] 5}g. s'/f klg ;]nfpsf] 5}g. lghu9 sf7df8f}+ b 't dfu{df ef/tn] v]nfpg;dd v]nfof]. gv]nfof];\ klg lsg < clxn];dd klg ;8s vf]lng] hldg hgtf;fu ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] cwlgdf Nofpg ;s]sf] /x]g 5. t/ afwo ep/ g]kfn ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. Tof] klg b'o{jif{ k'ug yfln;s]sf] 5. s]jn g]kfnl ;]gfnfo{ lhddf nufpsf] sfuhl ;dfrf/ afx]s g]kfnl hgtfn] c? s]xl x]g{ kfpsf 5}gg\ ṡf7fdf8f}+ x]6f}+8f 6g]n dfu{ agfpg k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sdkgln] kxn u of]. To;sf cwoif s'zs'df/ hf]zln] lgs} k of; u/]. :jb]zl / ljb]zl a}+sx u'xf/]. t/ ;/sf/n] rf;} lbpg. a}+sx n] klg dtnj u/]gg\. cflv/df cfp/ s'zs'df/n] xft} lemsg'k of]. clxn] k b]z ;/sf/n] Tof] af6f]sf] cjzostf 7fg]5 Sof/ Û ;/sf/ cfkm}+n] agfpg] kxn u/]sf] a'lempsf] 5. of] sd{ eg]sf] cgwsf/df lxf8\bflxf8\b} yfs]kl5 af6f] b]vg';/x xf]. sf7df8f}+ pktofsfdf d]6«f]sf] 6«]g lgdf{0fsf] s'/f klg lgs} cufl8b]lv rnb} cpsf] xf]. t/ Tof] klg 5]kf/fn] /ftl gf}tn] 3/ agfpg] / lbpf;f] tftf] 3fdsf] /fkn] la;{g] syfnfo{ rl/tfy{ ul//x]sf] 5. sf]xl eg5g\, sf7df8f}+df e"ldut /]nsf] ;Defjgf g} 5}gÚ t/ o;f] egg]x nfo{ s] hjfkm lbg dg nfu]sf] 5 eg] ToxL glhs} a}+ssdf ;d'b d'lgaf6 /]n s'b]sf] x]/]/ cfpfbf s;f] xf]nf < >LdtLaf6 lbss ep/ a}+sssf xf]6ndf cfggb lng hfg] ;/sf/l d]x/jfgnfo{ lbpf;f] ToxfFsf] ;8sn] klg :jfu ug]{ /x]sf] b]lvg5. sf]nsftfdf e"ldut /]n r8]/ @% jif{ cufl8 g} lxf8]sf] of] Hofg Ho'Fb} 5. sf7df8f}+df /]n agb}g egg' eg]sf] cfkm"nfo{ sldzg gcfpg] epkl5 ;DalGwt s';l{df a;]/ c?nfo{ klg eff8\g] s'sdl{ v]n xf]. hlxn];dd sldzg s'sdl{x /lx/g5g\, Tolta]nf;Dd o:tf v]n e} g} /xg5g\. sldzgsf s'sdl{x nfo{ lrgg ;Sg'k of]. gf}la;]b]lv w'lnv]n;dd d]6«f] /]n rnfpg] s'/f klg cfpsf] lyof], cfsz] s]a'n sf/n] sf7df8f}+nfo{ lemlnldln agfpg], nlntk'/sf] ;ftbf]af6f]b]lv sf7df8f}+sf] gf/fo0fuf]kfn rf]s;dd / snª\slb]lv ladfg:yn;dd /]ndfu{ algxfng] s'/f klg Ps k6s cfpsf lyp. ol ;a} ;kgfsf dxnx clxn] rsgfr"/ ep/ d'ulnªb]lv gf}al;];dd vf]nfkf/l klg b'o{n]gsf] af6f] agfpg] ;kgfdf cfp/ c8\lspsf] 5. kf]v/f cgt/f{li6«o ladfg:yn, e}/xjf ljdfg:yn, lghu9 ljdfg:yn / k"j{klzrd /]n dfu{ / d]rl dxfsfnl ^ n]gsf] /fhdfu{sf sfuhl ljsf;x sxffsf] xfjfn] p8fof] < ol ;a} sfuhl ljsf;sf ;dfrf/x cfpsf jif{ w]/} epgg\ / Û pktofsf k j]z dfu{sf] rf/}lt/ e"ldut dfu{ lgdf{0f x'g] ;dfrf/ klg cfpsf lyp. s]?ªdfu{ / sf]bf/l dfu{n] Psk6s lgs} k yldstf kfpsf] lyof]. sf7df8f}+af6 lqz'nl l5g{ klg e"ldut dfu{ agg] rrf{ klg lgs} r'lnpsf] lyof]. /S;f}n sf7df8f}+ /]ndfu{ / ;8s dfu{df x:tfif/ e};s]sf] s'/f 5flkPsf klqsf klg ahf/df laqml e}/x]sf lyp. rf]ef/df rlg / ef/taf6 cfpsf uf8lx la;fp/ ;fdfg v;fng] ;'Vvf agb/ufx klg agg] ef] egg] ;dfrf/ cfpsf] w]/} epsf] 5}g. sfe ]df cfgtfl/s ladfg:yn agg], ;"o{ljgfos w'lnv]n ^ n]gsf] af6f] agg] / Ujfsf]{af6 kgf}tlxf'b} gfdd'9f hf]l8g] af6f] agg] eof] egb} :yfglo hgtfn] lrgtf lnpsf] klg rf/ kffr jif{ g} eof]. -lrgtf o; cy{df ls af6f] agf];\, t/ cfˆgf] hldg gk/f];\ egg] dg;fon]_ ;dfrf/ cfpsf] kffr jif{ g} e};s]sf] 5. ol dflysf sfuhl ljsf;sf ;dfrf/ dfq} k"/f epsf ep. cyjf cfwf dfq} e}lbpsf epklg ;/sf/ / ;/sf/sf sd{rf/ldfly ljzjf; ug' { t x'gyof]. oxff t sfuhl ljsf;sf kmfon kn6fpfg klg geofpg] cj:yfsf sd{rf/l / g]tf epsfn] x'g] sfdsf ;dfrf/ cfpfbf klg hgtfn] ktofpg 5f8]. bzgª\u f lvofp/ NofPsf] u0ftgq v]/ hfg] t xf]og < lrgtfsf] ljifo t of] kf] x'g yfn]sf] 5. ;w}sf nflu pgd"ng ul/og5. j}1flgs k fljlws k ultn] a]/f]huf/l a9fpgsf ; f ;a} hgtfsf] v';lnfo{ nuftf/ clej[l4 ub{5. k Tosaf6 p;sf] of]uotfg';f/, k TosnfO{ p;sf] sfd cg';f/ sf] sfd / kl/>ldsdf ;dfg clwsf/ x'g5. o;/l ;dfhjfb cgtu{t j}1flgs k fljlws qmflgtsf] pknlawnfo{ ;dfhjfbl k 0ffnLsf] ;+Defjgfsf ;fy cf+lus kaf6 hf]8\g] sfd ul/g5, h;af6 hljg:t/ dfly p7fpg / JolQmsf] ;j{tf]d'lv zf/ll/s P+j dfgl;s ljsf;sf] cj:yfsf] lgdf0f{ ug{ ;Dej agb5. ^_ goff hgjfbl qmflgt ls j}1flgs ;dfhjfb Û g]kfnl sdo'lgi6 cfgbf]ngnfo{ b'o{ y/l caz/afbl ;+zf]wgjfblx af6 cfqmd0f eo cfpsf] 5. 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So'jfsf ;jf]{rr g]tf lkm8]n Sofi6«f]n] sfnn] klg lsg /fd f dfg5]x nfo{ xfd f dfemaf6 r'8]/ n}hfg5 < eg]sf lyp. cfh rfe]h xfdl dfem x'g'x'gg. t/, klg pxffsf] ljrf/ / hgtf ;dlk{t ;fdojfbl gllt xfd f] dfem slxno} dg]{ 5}g. -n]vs M ldng cfkmgt x'g\ _ qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu gjnk/f;lsf] ;lrjfno a}7s ;DkGg sf7df8f}+. qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu gjnk/f;lsf] k yd lhnnf ;Dd]ngsf nflu ;+rflnt cleofg cgtu{t lnusf] lhnnf ;lrjfno a}7s ab{3f6df zlgaf/ ;DkGg epsf] ;dfrf/ k fkt epsf] 5. c;f]h @) ut] ;DkGg ul/g] 7]ufg epsf] ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;b:otf lj:tf/, cfly{s ;+sng tyf o'jf x:tfif/ sfo{qmdnfo{ ;Fu;Fu} nlug] atfopsf] 5. k"0f{ kf]v/]nsf] ;+of]hstjdf epsf] pqm sfo{qmddf k d'v cltly s=e"sdk / km\o fszg OGrfh{ s=;d/sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof]. ;/sf/l=== -lh=k =sf= sf7df8f}+, b=g+=!($ )&@ )&# d=if]=x'=g+=!@ )&% )&^_. clxn] ;/sf/l sfof{no, z}lifs ;+:yfb]lv x/]s If]qdf sfnfkfgl If]q ufoa kfl/psf gs;f s} k of]u eo/x]sf 5g\. lg/gt/ x:tif]k bfr{'nf lhnnfsf] Aof; ufla;! df kg]{ lnk'n]s e~hfªdf ;g\!(^@ b]lv ef/lto ;Ldf ;'/Iff an -P;P;aL_ a:b} cfpsf] 5. ;g\!*!^ ;'3f}nL ;lgw /!*^) sf] ktof{jt{g ;lgwsf] bkmf # df g]kfnsf] klzrdl l;df sfnl gbl g} xf] egg] k :6 ep klg ef/tn] g]kfnl e"lddfyl x:tif]k lg/gt/ ub}{ cfo/x]sf] 5. g]kfnl ;'/IffsdL{sf] pg'kl:yltsf] kmfobf p7fpfb} lnk'n]s;ddsf] hldg p;}n] pkef]u ub}{ cfpsf] 5. lnldkofw'/fb]lv lnk'n]s;ddsf] #*% ju{ lsnf] ld6/ e"efudf jiff}{b]lv ef/tlo ;]gfn] k/]8 v]nb} cfpsf] k[i7e"lddf @)&@ ;fn h]7! ut] ef/tlo k wfgfgql g/]g df]blsf] rlg e d0fsf qmddf epsf] $! a'fb] ;xdltsf] @* g+= afbfdf ælnk'n]s lsjª\nfnfo{ ef/t / rlgsf] Jofkfl/s gfsfsf] kdf k of]u ug]{æ pnn]v ul/pkl5 g]kfnsf b]zeqm, jfdkgyl tyf qmflgtsf/l zlqmx n] tlj lj/f]w ub}{ cfpsf lyp. g]kfnl e"efudfly 7f8f] x:tif]k x'fbf klg ;/sf/ eg] df}g a:b} cfo/x]sf] 5. sfnfkfgl If]qsf] gs;f k s/0fnfo{ x]bf{ g]kfnsf zf;sx n] sfnfkfgl If]q ef/tnfo{ klxno} a'emfo;s]sf /x]5g\ ls egg] udel/ cfz+sf k}bf x'g k'u]sf] 5. sfnfkfgl If]qdf ef/tlo :jfy{ sfnfkfgl If]qsf] lnk'n]s / Rofª\nf e~hofª bfr{'nfsf] ltaat;fusf] k frlg Jofkfl/s gfsf xf]. lnk'n]s gfsf ;d' L ;txaf6 % xhf/ $ ;o #$ dl6/ prfo{df cjl:yt 5. lnk'n]s lnldkofw'/faf6 -dxfsfnlsf] pb\ud:yn_ %#=!@ ls=ld= -8fF8}8fF8fsf] ndafo{_ k"j{df 5. c? lxdfnl kf;egbf sd prfo{df a;]sf] lnk'n]s rlg -ltaat_;fusf] cfjfudgsf] ;xh gfsf xf]. lnk'n]s ef/tsf] gofflbnnlaf6 rlg;dd k'ug] ;a}egbf 5f]6f] gfsf xf]. lbnnlb]lv lnk'n]s;ddsf] b"/l & ;o (( ls=ld= /x]sf] 5. lnk'n]saf6 rlgsf] tfsnfsf]6!^ ls=ld= 6f9f 5. ef/tlo ;}Go SofDk; /x]sf] sfnfkfglaf6 lnk'n]s!) ls=ld= pq/df kb{5. lnk'n]saf6 rlglt/sf ;}Gonufotsf ;a} ultljlw lgofng ;lsg5. ko{6slo b[li6n] ;d]t of] If]q plqs} cfsif{s 5. s}nfz dfg;/f]j/ ofqlsf nflu of] gfsf d'vo k j]zåf/sf kdf /x]sf] 5. n]vs tyf ;Ldf ;DaGwsf cwo]tf /tg e08f/ln] cfkm\gf] lstfadf pnn]v u/]g';f/ zf/bf Aof/]hdfkm{t\ ef/tn] ;g\!(@*b]lv dxfsfnlsf] (# k ltzt kfgl pkef]u ub}{cfpsf] 5. dxfsfnl l;flrt If]q ef/tsf ^ hgf k"j{k wfgdgqlx sf] r'gfjl If]q kb{5. ufgwl kl/jf/ ;a}sf] r'gfjl If]q dxfsfnl sdf08 Pl/of g} xf]. ef/tn] gblhf]8 of]hgfcgtu{t dxfsfnlsf] kfgl lbnnl x'fb} /fh:yfg k' ofpg] of]hgf agfpsf] 5. log} sf/0f ef/t dxfsfnl hnfwf/ If]qd} cflwkto sfod ug{ rfxg5. dxfsfnl ;lgwcg';f/ olta]nf k~r]zj/ cfof]hgf sfof{gjogsf nflu k flws/0fsf] u7g epsf] 5. k~r]zj/ k flws/0fn] dxfsfnldf kffrf]6f hnfzo cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf] ef/tlo hn; f]tdgql pdf ef/tlsf ;Nnfxsf/ >L/fd e]l8/]n] hgfpsf 5g\. of]hgfcg';f/ ef/tn] klxnf] r/0fdf dxfsfnldf kffrf]6f hnfzo lgdf{0f ug]{5. h;af6 ef/tnfo{ cltl/qm kfglsf] nfe k fkt x'g]5. ef/tsf] s]g Lo hn cfof]un] dxfsfnldf agg] hnfzo cfof]hgfdf hddf x'g] cltl/qm kfgl od'gf, /fh:yfgsf] ;'SnL / ToxfFaf6 ;fa/dtldf k' ofpfb} 5. @ xhf/ ls=ld= nfdf] gx/ /xg] o; kl/of]gfsf] s"n nuft! nfv s/f]8 ef/tlo k}off /xg] 5. zf/bf ;fj/dtl ln+s of]hgfú gfd lbopsf] o; kl/of]hgfaf/] g]kfn ef/talr ef/tlo k wfgdgql g/]g df]blsf] klxnf] g]kfn e d0fsf a]nf uf]ko ;xdlt epsf] lyof]. o;sf ;fy} k~r]zj/ kl/of]hgfsf] 8LkLcf/ lgdf{0fsf] lhddf klg ef/tlo ;/sf/l sdkgl jfksf];nfo{ lbopsf] 5. lnldkofw'/fl:yt hf]ln+sg kj{tdfnfdf k l;4 tly{:yn cflb s}nfzú 5. :yfglojf;l o;nfo{ 5f]6f s}nfz klg egb5g\. s}nfz dfg;/f]j/ k'ug g;sg]x cflb s}nfzsf] bz{g u/l glhs}sf] kfj{tltfn -lagtlnfn_df :yfg u/]/ kms{g5g\. Aof; pktosfsf] klzrdf]q/ clgtd ufpf s'6l xf]. wfld{s ls+jblgtcg';f/ kffr kf08j :ju{ hffbf oxl af6f] upsf lyp. pglx s]xl lbg oxff cf>d-s'6l_ agfo{ a;]sf lyp. o;} sf/0f oxffsf] Pp6f ufpfsf] gfd s'6l /x]sf] xf] egg] :yfglo dfgotf 5. ;fgf] y'dsf] dfly v08x/ eugfjz]ifnfo{ :yfglojf;l kf08j s'6l egl ljzjf; ub{5g\. lnk'n]slt/af6 cfpg] vf o+lqm=lnk'vf]nf_b]lv k"j{ k fs[lts kd} ç b]lvg] cnf}lss ç kj{t 5. lxgb" wdf{jndalx sf nflu ç zab / ç kj{tn] ljz]if cy{ /fvb5. Jof; Clifsf] tkf]e"ld epsf sf/0f o; If]qsf] gfd Aof; /xg upsf] xf] egg] hgljzjf; klg 5. oxff Aof;u'kmf, gfu gflugl kj{t, a Xdf kj{t, kf08j s'6lh:tf cd"no wfld{s tyf P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbf 5g\. of] If]q k fs[lts ; f]t, vlgh, jg k}bfjf/, of;f{u'dafnuoft hl8a'6lsf] vfgl xf]. wfld{s, P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftfltjs, ;fdfl/s Pj+ ko{6slo b[li6n] of] If]q ljz]if dxtj /fvb5. log} ljljw sf/0f ef/t ;du sfnfkfgl If]q x8kg rfxg5. /fhgllts tyf s'6gllts bafasf] vffrf] ;Ldfljb\ a'l4gf/fo0f >]i7n] sfnfkfgl / lnk'n]s d'n'ssf] ;Dk e'tfsf] ljifo epsf] atfpfb} sfnfkfgl / lnk'n]s ;fdl/s / wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] dxtjk"0f{ :yfg /x]sf], ToxLFaf6 dfg;/f]j/;dd hfg ;lsg] / lnk'n]s Jofkfl/s kdf klg Tolts} dxtjk"0f{ /x]sfn] sfnfkfgl If]q afrfpgsf nflu /fhgllts tyf s'6gllts If]qaf6 ;zqm bafa lbg'kg]{ s'6gllt1 Pj+ k"j{/fhb"t k B'Dgljqmd zfxn] Ps ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf sfnfkfgl / ;':tf udel/ ljifo epsf] atfpfb} ef/tn] s'g} klg xfntdf pqm e" efu lkmtf{ gug]{ k"j{/fhb"t zfxsf] sfnfkfgl / ;':tf ef/t kfls:tfgalrsf] sfzdl/h:t} ;d:of epsf] ljzn]if0f 5. pgn] sfnfkfgl / ;':tfsf] ;d:of /fhgllts tyf s'6gllts kdf ;dfwfg ug{'kg]{ lnldkofw'/fb]lv lnk'n]s;ddsf] e"efu g]kfns} xf] ef/tn] g} agfpsf k'/fgf gs;fdf klg lnldkofw'/f g]kfnl e"ld /x]sf] k :6 b]lvg5. pqm Onfsf ef/tn] cf]u6\g] qmd a9]kl5 g]kfnn] 5f]8\b} upsf] b]lvg5. g]kfnsf] k"j{ klzrd l;dfgf d]rl dxfsfnl gbl x'g\. ;'uf}nl ;lgwdf klg ToxL 5. t/, klzrddf dxfsfnl jfl/sf] 7"nf] e" efudf ef/tsf] x:tif]k g]kfnl clwsf/lx n] /f]sg ;s]sf 5}gg\. lnldkofw'/f sfnfkfgl lnk'n]segbf #) lsnf]ld6/ klzrdsf] e"efu xf]. lnldkofw'/f Onfsf ;/Ss 5fl8lbPsf] g]kfn ;/sf/n] olta]nf sfnfkfgl lnk'n]s If]q;d]t 5f8]/ agfpsf] gs;f k of]udf NofO/x]sf] 5. pqm e"ld klg ef/tn] sahfdf lno;s]sf] b]lvg5. gfkl Pj+ ;Ldflj1 >]i7n] Ps /fli6«o b}lgsdf l6kk0fl ub} { lnk'n]s 5'6\bf # ;o!) ju{lsnf]ld6/ hldg u'dfpg' k/]sf] pgn] ttsfnlg b/af/ / zfxl ;]gfåf/f g/fvg bafa cfpkl5 lnldkofw'/f g/fv]sf] egb} To;df ttsfnlg b/af/ / ;]gfsf] ljz]if OG6«]:6Ú /x]sf] klg ;f]xl b}lgsdf ;Ldf;DaGwL cwo]tf /tg e08f/ln] ;'uf}nl;lgw cl3 / kl5 ttsfnlg Oi6 Ol08of sdkgl / ;e]{ ckm Ol08ofn] k sflzt u/]sf gs;fdf dxfsfnlsf] pbud:yn k :6 kdf lnldkofw'/f pnn]v 5. ;lgwcg';f/ lnldkofw'/f pb\ud:yn sfnlk"j{sf s'6l, gfel, u'~hl, lt+s/ / 5f+u?nufot ufpf g]kfnsf]] hfgsf/l lbpsf 5g\. gfkl ljefuåf/f k sflzt gs;fdf dxfsfnlsf] pb\ud:yn lnldkofw'/f gb]vfo{ Rofª\nf e~hofª / lnk'n]snfo{ b]vfopsf] / xfn;dd ;g\!(&%,!(&( /!((# df gfkl ljefun] k sflzt u/]sf] gs;f k6s}lkr5]sf] q'6lk"0f{ /x]sf] e08f/ln] bfjl u/]sf 5g\. ;Ldfljb\ >]i7sf cg';f/ @)#) ;fndf u[x dgqfnosf clwsf/l k'?iff]qd /]UdL ;+of]hstjsf] ;ldltn] u/]sf] :ynut k ltj]bgdf lnldkofw'/f g]kfnsf] ;Ldf epsf] pnn]v 5. To:t} @)#* ;fnsf] bfr{'nfsf k d'v lhnnf clwsf/l åf/lsfgfy 9'Ë]n / @)$% ;fndf k lhc l8nnl/fh hf]zlsf] k ltj]bgdf klg lnldkofw'/f g]kfnd} /x]sf] k ltj]bg k]; ul/psf] lyof]. qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl / b]hdf]n] u of] ;+3if{sf] cfjxfg sfnfkfgl If]qdfly ef/tlo cflwkto sfod epsf] gs;f k s/0fsf] tlj et;{gf Pjd\ s8f zabdf lggbf ub}{ g]skf -qmflgtsf/l dfcf]jfbl_ / b]zeqm hgu0ftflgqs df]rf{, g]kfnn] 5 f 5' } jqmjo hf/l ef/tåf/f ldlrpsf] e"ld lkmtf{ ug{ / lnldkofw'/fnufot sfnfkfgl If]q ufoa kfl/psf] gs;f k of]udf k ltagw nufpg jt{dfg cf]nl ;/sf/l;t hf]8bf/ dfu u/]sf] 5. sfnfkfgl If]q nufot ;Ldf If]qdf a9]sf] ef/tlo x:tif]ksf lj?4 ;+3if{sf nflu b]zeqm, jfdgyl tyf qmflgtsf/l zlqmnfo{ ;fj{hlgs cfjxfg ;d]t u/]sf] 5. \ k sfzs M /fdl;+x a'9fyf]sl, k agw lgb]{zs M ab L ahufo{+, ;Dkfbs M OGb axfb'/ /fpt, ;x;dkfbs M ;lr/ggb dxh{g, kmf]6f]m ho bfxfn, sfof{no M a'4gu/, sf7df8f}+, ;Dks{ g+= M )! $&*%&^# (*%!!#$*#), Od]n M bargadristi073@gmail.com, d'b 0f M ;'hn ckm;]6 k ];, afuahf/, sf7df8f}+.