Plant Archives Vol. 7 No., 7 pp. 666-67 ISSN 7-5 SCREENING OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES /ACCESSIONS OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) AGAINST LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALT.) UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS Usha yadav, Kantipudi Rajesh Kumar and Vijay Kumar Mishra 3 * Depatrment of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) &3* Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (Uttarpradesh), India Abstract Cultivation of resistant or tolerant varieties is the easiest way to protect mustard crop from insect pests. Varietal screening for aphid resistance and stability of seed yield under aphid-infested and protected environment would help in identifying the tolerant varieties for aphid attack. The present investigations were therefore carried out with the objectives to study the evaluation of B. juncea accessions for resistance/tolerance against mustard aphid. Under field conditions, experiment was conducted with accessions (germplasm) of Brassica juncea at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre (CRC), Pantnagar, during - to evaluate their differential response on the infestation of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). The different categories of resistance of mustard plants against aphid based on its population 6 out of has been recorded as resistant, 83 accessions falling under moderately resistant category, accessions as susceptible accessions whereas 3 accessions were found highly susceptible. Key Word: Field assessment, accessions/varieties, mustard, Lipaphis erysimi. Introduction Oilseed crop is an important group of crops in India. Brassica is an important oilseed crop of India. Brassica species comprise of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], toria (B. rapa L. var. toria), yellow sarson (B. rapa L. var. yellow sarson), brown sarson (B. rapa L.var. brown sarson), swedes/ gobhi sarson (B. napus L.),Abyssinian mustard/ karan rai (B. carinata Braun.) and rocket/ taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.) related genera,which are found in India, are black mustard/ banarsi rai (B.nigra Koch), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), wild mustard (B. tournefortii Gouan) and candrasura (Lepidium sativuml.) a close relative. Brassica the main source of edible oil next only to groundnut in both area and production (Ali et al., )..Oilseed crops include groundnut, sesame, rapeseedmustard, sunflower, safflower and soybean. Among *Author for correspondence: E-mail: premvijaybhu@gmail.com various constraints in the productivity of rapeseedmustard, such as abiotic and biotic factor, abiotic factor in which rain fall, temperature, light humidity and biotic factors of insect-pests is one of the most important limiting factor for its low yield. More than 3 species of insect pests have been recorded to infest rapeseed-mustard crops in India under biotic stress. Out of these about a dozen species are considered as major pests (Purwar et al., ). However, the maximum damage to the crop is done at flowering stage. The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) is the key pests of rapeseed-mustard and damage to the crop ranged from to 6% in different agro-climatic conditions of India (Gupta et al., 3). Both the adults and nymphs cause damage to mustard plant at vegetative, flowering and pod formation stages by sucking sap from the plant. In case of severe infestation leaves become curled, plant fails to develop pods, the young pods when developed do not mature and cannot
Varieties / Accessions of Mustard (Brassica Juncea) against Lipaphis Erysimi (KALT.) 667 produce healthy seeds. As a result, plant loses their vigour and their growth is stopped (Husain and Begum, ) Cultivation of resistant or tolerant varieties is the easiest way to protect mustard crop from insect pests. Varietal screening for aphid resistance and stability of seed yield under aphid-infested and protected environment would help in identifying the tolerant varieties for aphid attack (Dey et al., 5). The yield loss in rapeseed mustard also varies with their germplasms and agro-ecological practices (Ansari, et al. 7). Field assessment against aphid resistance and stability of seed yield under aphidinfested and protected environment would help in identifying the resistant varieties against aphid attack. Regular and indiscriminate usage of insecticides to manage this pest has resulted into adverse effect on environment and their non-target organism. Under these conditions develop a resistant variety/ accession and to identify the source of resistance and better approach. Therefore, the present investigation was under taken to find out the promising tolerant/resistant accession/variety of Brassica spp. against Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. Materials and methods A field trial was carried out to study the aphid infestation on accessions of B. juncea germplasm at Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during the Rabi season of year - in Augmented Block Design (ABD). Total accessions of Brassica juncea were used for determining their reaction against mustard aphid under natural conditions. Sowing was done in second week of November during Rabi season of -. Each entry was sown in two rows of 3m length with a line to line and plant to plant distance of 3 cm and -5 cm, respectively was maintained. Five checks were shown each after ten tested accessions for comparison under augmented design in 6 blocks. The population of mustard aphid was counted on 5 plants. The aphid population on each plant was observed from cm terminal shoot. The first count of mustard aphid population was taken at 5 days after sowing and subsequent observations were taken at a week interval for Rabi season. The population of mustard was counted visually. Scoring pattern based on aphid population: Degree of damage by aphid population in each germplasm Group Percentage of Rating index infestation I Immune (I) II -5 Resistant (R) III 5- Moderately resistant (MR) IV -5 Susceptible (S) V >5- Highly susceptible (HS) To find out mean of aphid infestation, the number of plants following in each grade was multiplied by the respective grade number and the total was divided by number of plants observed. Five plants of each germplasm were randomly selected for observation on aphid infestation index -5 scale and population count of mustard aphid. The infestation rating of mustard aphid was observed on mustard germplasm and sampling of mustard aphid population was done by counting @ of 5 aphid/ plant. Results and Discussion Aphid population on mustard germplasm in Rabi season: In the Rabi season -, it was observed that accession no. 8 (3.6) showed minimum population n tio la u p o P id h p A 3 5 5 5 3.58% 8 6.5% 6 7 3 6.6% Accession No..5% 8 6 3 6 a n a ru c k -V e h C R 6 S MR 83 HS 3 Fig. : Distribution pattern of categories for resistance among mustard accessions Over the season Fig.: Most resistant and susceptible accessions of mustard against mustard aphid in Rabi season
668 Vijay Kumar Mishra et al. Table : Aphid population on mustard accession Rabi season, during - S. Accession Adjusted S. Accession Adjusted S. Accession Adjusted No. (IC No.) mean No. (IC No.) mean No. (IC No.) Mean 83. 383.8 8 5.7 558. 388.6 8 6 6. 3 57765.7 3 38 6. 83 7 35.7 58 65.3 385 68. 8 8 6.5 5 6685 7. 5 386 73. 85 7.3 6 66 55.6 6 38 65.8 86 5 65.5 7 673 8. 7 386 8.8 87 53.3 8 675 5. 8 38 87. 88 56 37. 3758 8. 3853. 8 57 76. 36 6.6 5 3878 5. 58.7 368 53.6 5 57. 6 38.3 37. 5 57 8.8 6.56 3 3 83.66 53 7 63. 3 63 63.7 3653 3.66 5 65 3. 67.7 5 375. 55 5 5. 5 73 38. 6 3836 3.8 56 6. 6 7. 7 33587. 57 6 5. 7 8 3.7 8 33585 3. 58 636 6. 8 8 65.68 33853 56. 5 635 8.6 8.3 3358 6.8 6 635 67. 8 6.7 3357 8. 6 6357 3.6 85. 3365.6 6 6358 6. 86. 3 357 3.8 63 637 7. 3 3.7 377 6. 6 635. 7. 5 37 7. 65 6. 5.6 6 3673. 66 6 8. 6 5.7 7 3677 83.6 67 86. 7 5 8.6 8 36366. 68. 8 6. 363737. 6 6 78. 8 6.5 3 3666 7.8 7. 5.3 3 3368 5. 7 8 57.. 3 375 3.6 7. 76.3 33 3755 66. 73 3 5. 3 6 65.6 3 3777 5. 7 36 8.8 7.7 35 37537 8.6 75 38. 5 8 6. 36 3678 8.8 76 3 8.8 6.3 37 378 6. 77 36.8 7 78. 38 3788 75. 78 67. 8 3 6.3 3 375 6.3 7.6 35.7 38 76. 8 3 6. 5 33. on plant which was significantly different as compared to the check Varuna (.5) followed by accession number 76 (.6), 3 (3.), (3.). On the other hand, accession no. (67.), followed by accession no. 368 (53.6), 6 (.), (.6) was significantly higher than the check table. and Fig.. The remaining germplasm showed the aphid population per plant from 75 (3.) to 57 (.). No germplasm was found to belong immune against mustard aphid. The different categories of resistance of mustard plants against aphid based on its population 6 out of has been recorded as resistant, 83 accessions falling under moderately resistant category. accessions as susceptible accessions. Whereas 3 accessions were found highly susceptible Table. and Fig.. Subhash et al., (3) reported that the differential behaviour of germplasm/ accessions ranged from highly susceptible to highly tolerant. The percentage of highly resistant and tolerant germplasms in different species of Brassica ranged from 5% to % in closely related species, (Jenson et al. ). The high level of antibiosis resistance in B. fruticulosa has also been reported against cabbage root fly, Delia radicum Higher amount of protein (Pusa Gold and DIRA 33), total soluble sugars (Pusa Gold) and oil content (Pusa Bold and RLM 6) were positively associated with average peak aphid population, while phenol (B85 Glossy and RWH ) and glucosinolate (B 85 and T 63) were related with low incidence
Varieties / Accessions of Mustard (Brassica Juncea) against Lipaphis Erysimi (KALT.) 66 S. Accession Adjusted S. Accession Adjusted S. Accession Adjusted No. (IC No.) mean No. (IC No.) mean No. (IC No.) Mean 7 63. 6 87.8 5 5.7 8 3.6 6 88 7.8 6 78.3 3. 63 8 65.7 3 8 3.7 3 78. 6 5.88 8.3 5 3. 65 6.68 5 5 3. 6 33 3. 66 5 37.8 6 53.7 7 36 8. 67 8.88 7 5 75.5 8 37 8. 68 7.8 8 55 7.7 38 86. 6 3.8 56 65. 3 3 5.6 7.67 57 58.7 3.8 7 3 6.8 6 3.3 3 6.8 7 5 6.67 6 3.5 33 3 3. 73 6 8.7 3 65.5 3 3. 7 75.8 66 86.38 35 5 8. 75 73.67 5 67 6. 36 58.6 76 3 7.7 6 68. 37 5 78. 77 3.8 7 6 8.5 38 5. 78 5.8 8 7 8.3 3 5 7. 7 7 3.88 7 73.3 56 3.6 8.88 76 3. 57 8.8 8 6.8 8 63.3 58 63.8 8 8.55 8 8.5 3 6. 83.87 3 83 7. 63 8. 8 6.8 8 6.7 5 65 63. 85 5 65.8 5 85. 6 66 6.6 86 7 3.8 6 86 37.7 7 67 6.6 87.8 7 87 36. 8 7 87. 88 3 8.67 8 88.3 7 6. 8 3.7 3.3 5 73 3.8 3.8 3. 5 75 3. 33.88 3 6.3 5 76.6 3.8 3 6. 53 77 3. 3 35 76.8 33 8 6. 5 8 73. 37 87.7 3 6. 55 8.8 5 38.68 35 3 3. 56 8 3. 6 6.7 36 3 85.3 57 83 58. 7 3.88 37 37. 58 8.6 8 5.8 38 3 3.3 5 85 5. 3 38.68 3 3 88.5 6 86 55.6 65.7 3.5 Checks CH- PJ Kisan 7.8 CH- Rajat 3.5 CH-3 RH- 3 5.3 CH- Varuna.5 CH-5 Laxmi 3.6 CMLSD= 6.8 AVSBLS= 5.77 AVDBLS= 6.635 AVACLS= 6.86 CMLSD=Least significant difference between the means of two ckeck varieties AVSBLS=Least significant difference between adjusted values of two selection in the same block AVDBLS= Least significant difference between adjusted values of two selection in the different block AVACLS=Least significant difference between an adjusted selection value and a check mean of mustard aphid. Mamun et al., reported that the infestation variation among the genotypes were concluded that among the different genotypes of Brassica, incidence of aphid showed variability as in the same group of cultivars. The level of aphid infestation and population on different Brassica accessions seem to be the ability of plant characteristics of different germplasm (Patel et al., ). The lowest plant infestation was recorded in the variety MM- wf (.7%) followed by the variety MM-ys (.3%) and the variety Binasarisha-. Pink et al., 3 were reported genetic control of resistance to the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae in the wild species Brassic fruticulosa. References Ali, A., P.Q. Rizvi and F.R. Khan (). Bio-efficacy of some plant leaf extracts against mustard aphid, Lipaphis eysimi Kalt. on Indian mustard, Brassica juncea. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 5 : 3-3. Ansari, M.S., B. Hussain and N.A. Qazi (7). Influence of abiotic environment on the population dynamics of mustard aphid, lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Brassica Germplasm. J. Boil. Sci., 7 : 3-6. Dey, Prasad, S.K. and Trimohan (5). field evaluation of mustard cultivars for resistance to Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) Shashpa, : 3-36. Gupta, M.P., M.L. Verma, S.K. Chaurasia and H.S. Rai (3). Assesment of avoidable yield losses in Brassica carinata varieties due to mustard aphid. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci. : - 5. Husain, M. and M.A. Begum (). number of insect pests attack mustard. J. Agric. Res. Vol.6. Jenson E.B., G. Felkl, K. Kristiansen and S.B. Andersen (). Resistance
67 Vijay Kumar Mishra et al. Table : Category of mustard accessions against mustard aphid during the Rabi season,-. Resistant 33587, 3358, 33585 3678, 6, 6 6, 8, 33, 3,, 6, 75, 76, 7, 3. Moderately resistant 558, 58, 3758, 37, 3, 33853, 377, 37, 3677, 3666, 3368, 3755, 3777, 378, 3788, 38, 38, 385, 386, 38, 38, 3878, 6358,,, 6, 36, 63, 67, 8,, 6,, 7, 3, 37, 38,,, 5, 5, 56, 57, 58, 63, 65, 66, 7, 7, 8, 85, 86, 8,, 5, 6,,, 3,,, 7,, 3, 3, 37,,, 5, 6,, 5, 55, 57, 65, 66, 68, 6, 7, 8,, 3, 3. Susceptible 83, 57765, 6685, 3653, 375 3836, 3357, 357, 3673, 36366 363737, 375, 383, 388, 386, 3853, 57, 65, 6, 6 635, 6357, 6,, 3, 38,, 7, 53, 56, 58, 6, 6, 73, 8, 85, 86, 3,, 5, 6, 8,, 7, 8,,, 5 3, 36, 3,, 5 5, 67, 73, 77, 8 8, 87,,, 5 8,,, 3, 5, 7,,, 3, 33, 3, 38, 3, 8, 5, 53, 6 6, 67, 76, 8, 85 86, 87, 88,, 6, 8,, 3, 37 3 Highly susceptible 66, 673, 675, 36, 368, 3365, 375, 37537, 57, 7, 5, 636 635, 637, 635, 6, 8, 3,,, 3,,, 5 57, 7, 8, 8,,, 3, 8, 88, 5, 35, 56, 8, 83
Varieties / Accessions of Mustard (Brassica Juncea) against Lipaphis Erysimi (KALT.) 67 to the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum within Brassica fruticulosa. Euphytica, : 37 386. Mamun, M.S.A, M.H. Ali, M.M. Ferdous, M.A. Rahman and M.A. Hossain (). Assessment of Several Mustard Varieties Resistance to Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) J Soil Nature, () : 3-38. Patel, S.R., A.K. Awasthi and R.K.S. Tomar (). Assessment of yield losses in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) due to mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) under different thermal environment in Eastern Central India. App. Eco. And Env. Res., :-5. Pink, D..A..C., Kift,, N.B., Ellis, P.R., McClement,, S.J., Lynn J & G.M.. Tatchell (3). Genetic control of resistance to the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae in the wild species Brassica fruticulosa. Plant Breeding, :. Purwar JP, Singh RK & P.Mall (). Ecofriendly management of insect pests in rapeseed- mustard. Indian Farmers Digests, 37 : 3-35. Subhash, C., Prasad, T.V., Ranbir, S., Subadas, S., Gautam R.D. and B. Shashi (3) Evaluation of Different Brassica Species against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. Indian J Plant Prot. () :38-.