Nepalese Lychee. Promoting Nepalese Agrifood Exports to Canada. Samantha Tomsic AGR2150

Similar documents
Species Variety Certification Prunus Persica Different Varieties GlobalGAP / Integrated Farming

Melon v. Galia, aka Sarda

They are packed with numerous health-benefiting nutrients, minerals, antioxidants and vitamins that are essential for optimum health and wellness

COURGETTE KING COURGETTE 2 KING COURGETTE

AVOCADO FARMING. Introduction

Avocado Farming. Common varieties grown in Kenya

Dragon Fruit - Hylocereus undatus

Sukun, sa-ke, buen pan, masapan, kamansi, Pana, Friyapen, Seema Chakka, Banbukeyo, Uto, Yaca, Lemai, Rimas.

Creamed Spinach Meat/Meat Alternate-Dark Green Vegetable Vegetables

Taco Soup Meat/Meat Alternate-Beans/Peas Vegetable- Red/Orange Vegetable-Additional Vegetable

Growing Fruits. Which fruits to choose

By: Kimberly Wiser-Daggs, RD October 6, 2017

Partnership on a Wellness Journey: Everyone Benefits!

GROUNDNUTS MATOKE PLANTAIN WILD POTATO OKRA CASSAVA

The nutrient contribution from various potato cultivars to add dietary diversity

Blueprint for Using Sorghum: A Versatile, Delicious, and Gluten-Free Grain

real Greek yogurt produced in Greece unique selling advantage

BEANS NUTRITIONAL FACT SHEET SERIES BEANS ARE GOOD FOR US! NUTRIENTS IN BEANS WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT BEANS?

Production, Optimization and Characterization of Wine from Pineapple (Ananas comosus Linn.)

Amaranth Grain as a Cash Crop for Export from Nepal

NUTRITION ON A BUDGET

Carrot Trial 2014 Elkus Test Garden

1. Quinoa is Incredibly Nutritious

The Australian Almond Industry

Tomatoes - Red. Markon First Crop (MFC) Tomatoes are rich in vitamins A, B, and C, beta-carotene, iron, phosphorous, potassium, and fiber.

Mulberry Assorted. Morus rubra, Morus alba, Morus nigra. (a) Morus rubra red mulberry. Female flowers. Male flowers. (b) Morus alba white mulberry

Linda Grimo, Grimo Nut Nursery

of photosynthesis out of which they make the food they need. They like comfortable temperatures that range between degrees.

The List of Ketogenic Diet Food to Follow

DRIED FRUIT. Peanut Apricot and Peach kernels Almonds Hazelnut Walnuts Pine nuts Pistachios Sultana grape or raisin

Refer to the nutrition label for peanut butter below and answer the following questions.

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4. Cereal with Fruit: 1 cup toasted oat cereal 1 medium banana ¼ cup lowfat milk 1 hard-cooked egg Beverage: Water, coffee, tea

NATIONAL NUTRITION WEEK 2016: BEANS. Eat dry beans, peas and lentils! association for dietetics in south africa

Goji - the Oriental fruit of God

Oklahoma Ag in the Classroom Build a Burger

Smart Choice For Smart Chefs. Better Ingredients Better Life

Breeding High Yielding Cowpea Varieties with Improved Seed Quality and Enhanced Nutritional and Health Factors.

Echinochloa crus-galli 1. Panicum italicum 2. Panicum miliaceum 3. Solanum tuberosum 4

SOWING HINTS: Hand water every day for 6 days Plant at least six corn plants together in a block so that they will cross pollinate in the wind

Quality of western Canadian peas 2017

Kale. Background: Nutritional Value:

Individual Project. The Effect of Whole Wheat Flour on Apple Muffins. Caroline Sturm F&N 453

Cassava. Also called yuca (in Spanish) and manioc

Berry Blaster Smoothie

Christmas Meal Demonstrations. Ms Teo Kiok Seng, Nutritionist

Back to Our Roots: Plant Party

Etka Organization. Add:4th floor,no20.jahanbakhsh-nejad st. Farmaneieh pasdaran intersection, Tehran-Iran, p.o.box

Teacher Background Information

Avocados. Janine Fahri BSc (Hons) MBANT. Nutritional Therapist at NutriLife Clinic. Description

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

iprofile / Intake Spreadsheet

Milk An opaque white fluid rich in fat and protein, secreted by female mammals for the nourishment of their young.

GI Protection in Europe

Jeopardy Game Answer Key

DATA SHEET GRANADILLA

Sarawakian Green Longan, Cat s Eye, Guving, Kakus, Mata Kuching, Sau, Buah Arut, Buah Binkoi.

Eggs AIR CELL. The incredible, edible egg AS The empty space between the white and shell at the large end of the egg.

II. Ingredients and Food Cost (from Webtrition): The EP of produce was factored into cost.

Organic Coconut Products

Cutie Variety Pack #3 48 C/4 Pack (Lmn Swl/Cookie Butr Swl/BB Oat/Florentine Honey Almond

Moana s MeatBalls with the Red Sea Sauce. Our product is called Moana s Meatballs. Our Moana Meatballs will be draped in the red sea sauce.

Objective 5: Review the nutrients found in breads and incorporate guidelines from MyPlate.

Grains. Definition: single, hard seed Most common grains. Wheat Corn Rice

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Squash/Pumpkin. I. What is Squash?

The European Hemp Industry: Cultivation, processing and applications for fibres, shivs, seeds and flowers

Smart. Substitutions. Lower Calorie. Lower Sodium. Nutrient Boost. Make small substitutions today for a healthier you tomorrow. start next 08:00 09:00

Promoting Oregon Salad Greens

The Weaponised Lentil

Causes and Prevention of Thompson Seedless Berry Collapse

DISCOVER PULSES WITH BONDUELLE. Your Complete Guide to Pulses: Nutritional Information, Recipes, and More!

AMARANTH. (Amaranthus spp.) enabling deployment of underutilized species. Global Facilitation Unit. for Underutilized Species

BANANA CARROT BANANA CARROT. Food group: VEGETABLE. Food group: FRUIT. Source: Carrots are the roots of the carrot plant.

Effect of Phosphorus and Plant Density on Floral Yield and Corm Production of Crocus sativus

Build a Burger.

Quorn the production of alternative first-class protein source for a balanced, sustainable diet.

(717) What s So Great about Tomatoes?

Ground Beef Basics TIPS FOR BUYING, STORING AND COOKING

Oregon s Other Tree Fruits & Nuts

Eatwell Guide: reflections and challenges (dairy)

Lab session developed by Julie Tuizer, MS Instructor Kendall College

Recipe Ideas & Inspiration. Find Discover Kale on:

Information - Peanuts

Peppermint Tea (Bags)

lesson 1: what is rice?

Nutrition 1 amino acids The chemical building blocks of proteins. 2 ascorbic acid Vitamin C 3 BMR Basal metabolism, or the rate of energy use by the

Asparagus officinalis

Welcome. to CSNN Mississauga s. Eating healthy has never tasted so good. What is raw food? A DATE WITH SPRING. The Spotlight is on Tahini.

Fun Facts. Doctors say that carrots improve vision, especially at night because of our very high level of vitamin A (carotene).

Melon. Cucurbitaceae Family

MontaVida Specialty coffee blend roasted and infused with pure MCT oil and Ramon Seeds through a proprietary infusion roasting process.

Baobab breaks into vital European food and drink markets Major new PhytoTrade partnership with global food and drink supplier

DESSERT INSPIRATION FACTS AND FIGURES GLOBAL PRODUCT TRENDS VIOGERM WHEAT GERMS OUR PROPOSALS

ALOHAPINEAPPLE + PREBIOTIC 100% FRUIT PUREE (Sku# )

Product Specification and Nutritional Information. Bean & Cheese Burritos

Class 4 overview. Clean, Separate, Cook and Chill. Description. Objectives. It s not just a Hamburger Menu. What will we do today?

Bulk-Pecans Specifications

Product Speci cations:

7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING

Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora or Coffea robusta, Coffea liberica.

Transcription:

Nepalese Lychee Promoting Nepalese Agrifood Exports to Canada Samantha Tomsic AGR2150 Tuesday November 17, 2014

Lychee (Litchii chinensisi) also spelt litchi, is a very important sub-tropical fruit crop of Nepal (Huang et al. 2005). The fruit grows on evergreen trees and bear fleshy fruits that are up to 5 cm long and 4 cm wide. The outside of the lychee is covered by a pink-red, roughly textured skin that is inedible but easily removed to expose a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh. Lychees are high in sugar and contain many vitamins and minerals essential for human health. The fruit can be eaten fresh, frozen, canned, dried or processed into juice, wine, pickles, preserves, ice cream and yogurt (Huang et al. 2005). Nepal is geographically divided into three parts: Terai, Hills and Mountains (Singh, 2002). With this separation of land, the temperatures range from subtropical in the Terai, to a cool climate in the Mountains (Singh, 2002). This variation in climate allows a diverse range in the production of fruits including the lychee (Huang et al. 2005). In the Terai and low hills, lychees grow and mature from mid-may to mid-june. In the Hills, lychees grow larger than in the Terai and the fruits are harvested from the end of May to the end of June (Singh, 2002). Singh (2002) notes, there are some preparation to the land that must be performed to accommodate lychees. First, the selected piece of land must be ploughed and made weed-free. In Nepal this can be done by pit-digging which can be assisted by the district based horticulturists/agriculturists. After the pit is dug, fertilizers and manures must be added (see Figure 1) (Singh, 2002). The growing conditions for the lychee are best in warm subtropical climates, with best cropping in climates with hot humid summers and dry cool winters (Huang et al. 2005). Lychees suffer from some agronomic limitations. Firstly, leaves may be damaged when temperatures drop below 2 C, and when it reaches -2 C the tree is at risk of death (Huang et al. 2005). A major issue is the production time. Trees take 3-5 years to produce fruits and will not

yield abundant crops until years 7 or 8 (Singh, 2002). Some farmers may not be able to sacrifice land for such a long period of time with no immediate benefits. Once the tress are producing fruit, regular chemical controls and tree nets must be in place to prevent losses from birds and fruit bats. Some other pests include the lychee mite, lychee bug and the fruit worm. The lychee mite is the most detrimental as they attack new shoots in the beginning of growing season. Fruit cracking is also a serious problem in the Terai region. Various problems can be resolved through mulching, irrigation, and repeated spraying (Singh, 2002). As previously mentioned, there is some labour involved with production of the fruit. Weeding is needed in the early stages, which involves hand weeding and the use of mulches to keep the weeds down (Singh, 2002). This also conserves moisture in the soil. Watering the plant before the fruit blooms has shown to produce a higher quality fruit. Manure and fertilizers should be applied in January to December at a year after the initial planting and should continue yearly until substantial fruit production. In the Terai, fruit production starts in year 5-6, while on the hills production starts in years 6-8. Luckily, there have been no severe diseases found to limit the growth or yield of the fruit in Nepal. The only problem with the fruit itself is its short-shelf life. (Singh, 2002). Lychees are globally well known and can be found throughout much of Southeast Asia, China, Europe, Africa and North America (Huang et al. 2005). In the past 15-20 years, lychees were produced from seeds in the hills (Singh, 2002). Seedlings were also sold for cash or they were traded for other material. Since there is topographical variation within Nepal, factors such as height, canopy, leaf size, fruit size, seed size and fruit shape also vary immensely in the hills for seedlings (Singh, 2002).

Lychees provide many health benefits ranging from weight loss due to high dietary fibre, antioxidants, no cholesterol, and improved blood flow due to oligonol (Mak, 2012). Lychees contain an excellent source of vitamins, minerals and flavonoids which are anti-cancer properties (Selke, 2013). See Figure 2 for the nutritional breakdown of the fruit. Singh (2002) suggests that in Nepal, lychee farmers have options when it comes to marketing their crops. They can both harvest their fruits themselves and sell them to the wholesalers. Or there are contractors that buy the fruits while they are still on the trees. In this case, the contactor then has responsibility for the trees. The fruits can then be harvested and sold to the fruit wholesaler. There is a lot of potential for export markets with the lychee, especially in Nepal. The difference in harvest times in the hills and the Terai opens up the market for a longer period of time for exporting (Singh, 2002). There are numerous economic benefits for the Nepalese lychee farmers as production is expected to increase year by year. This is due to new bearing trees as well as the increase in the age of bearing trees (Singh, 2002). There are huge importing European markets with increasing markets in Saudia Arabia, Dubai and Canada (Singh, 2002). The lychee is found to be more profitable than the mango and the banana in the Terai region (Singh, 2002). As lychees become more popular around the world their economic value increases. To increase the market, the availability of high quality fruits for a longer period of time must be considered. Transportation of exporting goods must also be considered. Since there is many different ways of processing the fruit, there is much potential for exportation. There are multiple ways to improve productivity, overcome agronomic constraints and start a lychee business. Singh (2002) suggests applying organic manure, nitrogen, phosphorous and potash as seen in Figure 3, which will produce higher yields. Liming every year is also a

factor that will help increase productivity. Mulching and watering are important elements that should be done often. Drip irrigation is also an effective way to control water quantities and produce sustainable crops. In the winter months, it is beneficialto cut off branches that are unproductive or block other branches. This will allow all the branches to easily receive sunlight (Singh, 2002). Singh (2002) advises further research will need to be done to enhance lychee development in Nepal. Looking into smaller trees for easier harvesting, analysing genotypes of seeds in the fields, as well as micro activity in the soil are all factors needed to improve productivity and development. A few additional areas needs to be researched but regardless, lychee crops are still becoming more attractive and popular among Nepalese farmers. This is due to the stable income received from lychee fruits, especially in comparison to the mango and banana in the Terai region (Singh, 2002). Since lychees are growing globally as a popular fruit with numerous health benefits there are plenty of market opportunities. For transportation, lychees must be stored and refrigerated (Singh, 2002). Since the lychee does have a short shelf life, refrigeration does preserve the fruit. From then it can be frozen, canned, dried or processed into juice, wine, pickles, preserves, ice cream and yogurt. This leaves ample opportunity for transportation of the good. Exporting lychee will provide a steady income to farmers especially in the Terai or Hill regions of Nepal (Singh, 2002). Export Potential Like any other exporting good, there are documentation and permits that are needed. First Nepalese farmers will need to receive a letter of recommendation from the chamber of commerce

and industry at their district for the registration of a proprietorship firm or a partnership firm (N, Steps Export Procedures). To do this one needs a citizenship certificate photocopy, passport photographs and a letter of recommendation from the chamber of commerce/industry for the registration of the firm. Then a business registration certificate must be obtained as well as a permanent account number registration certificate. Then a potential seller must manage a finical account or bank account and establish relations with the importers(n, Steps Export Procedures). Many different procedures must be followed which require some documentation. More information can be found at <http://www.eecnepal.org.np/eec/ecibon/report/212/publication/general%20accessment%20trade/annex%2019. pdf=>. There is currently a market in Canada for lychee, at various grocery stores including Walmart, Metro, and T&T. Below is their contact info as well as the lychee products they current have. This gives Nepalese farmers an opportunity to import their lychee products to locations that are already selling the product in Canada. Lychee in syrup, lychee drinks, lychee jelly Wal-Mart Canada Corp. 1940 Argentia Road Mississauga, ON L5N 1P9 Lychees (raw) Metro Inc. Head office 11 011, boul. Maurice- Dulessis Montral (Quebec) H1C 1V6 (514)643 1000 1 (800) 361 4681 Lychees (raw)

T & T (Head Office) (Western Canada) 21500 Gordon Way Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1J8 Figure 1: Manures and Fertilizers quantities that should be applied into pits measuring 1m x1m x1m (Singh, 2002).

Figure 2: Lychee fruit (Litchi chinensis), Fresh, Nutritive value per 100 g. (Source: USDA National Nutrient data base- Show Foods) Principle Nutrient Value Energy 66 kcal 3.3% Carbohydrates 16.53 g 12.7% Protein 0.83 g 1.5% Total Fat 0.44 g 2% Cholesterol 0 mg 0% Dietary Fiber 1.3 g 3.5% Vitamins Folates 14 µg 3.5% Niacin 0.603 mg 3.5% Choline 7.1 mg 1% Pyridoxine 0.100 mg 9% Riboflavin 0.065 mg 5% Thiamin 0.011 mg 1% Vitamin A 0 mg 0% Vitamin C 71.5 mg 119% Vitamin E 0.07 mg 0.5% Vitamin K 0.4 µg 0.3% Electrolytes Sodium 1 mg 0% Potassium 171 mg 3.5% Minerals Calcium 5 mg 0.5% Copper 0.148 mg 16% Iron 0.31 mg 4% Percentage of RDA

Magnesium 10 mg 2.5% Manganese 0.055 mg 2.5% Phosphorus 31 mg 4.5% Selenium 0.6 µg 1% Zinc 0.07 mg 0.5% Phyto-nutrients Carotene-β 0 µg -- Crypto-xanthin-β 0 µg -- Lutein-zeaxanthin 0 µg -- Figure 3: Manure and fertilizer application in winter months to increase yields (Singh, 2002). References

Budathoki, K. (2002). Lychee Production in Nepal- Lychee Production in the Asia-Pacific Region. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 81-93. Huang, X., Subhadrabandhu, S., Mitra, S., Ben-Arie, R., and Stern, R. (2005). Origin, history, production, and processing. Litchii and longan: botany, production and uses, 1-23. Mak, G. "12 Health Care Benefits of Lychee, Real Food for Life." Health Benefits. N.p., 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. <http://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/health-benefits-of-lychee/>. Mintra, S. (2002). Overview of Lychee Production in the Asia- Pacfic Region- Lychee Production in the Asia-Pacific Region. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 5-13. N., Steps Export Procedures, and Fir. 3. NEPAL EXPORT PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTATION (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. <http://www.eecnepal.org.np/eec/ecibon/report/212/publication/general%20accessment%20trade/annex%2019. pdf=>. Selke, Lori A. "The Benefits of Lychee." LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 18 Dec. 2013. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/454772-the-benefits-of-lychee/>. "Show Foods- Litchis, Dried." Agricultural Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. <http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/2311?fg=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&sort=&q lookup=lychee&offset=&format=abridged&new=&measureby=>. Singh, R. (2002). Welcome Address- Lychee Production in the Asia-Pacific Region. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 3. Subramanian, Uma. "South Asia transport: issues and options." World Bank/ESCAP Regional Technical Workshop on Transport and Transit Facilitation, Bangkok, April. 1999.