Trip Report to Ecuador Country Visited: Ecuador Dates of Travel: January 17 th January 25 th, 2009 Travelers Names and Affiliations: Paul A. Backman, Professor Penn State University Rachel L. Melnick, PhD Candidate Penn State University Bryan A. Bailey, Scientist USDA-ARS Sustainable Perennial Crop Lab (not funded through IPM-CRSP) Jayne Crozier, CABI Biosciences (not funded through IPM-CRSP) Mark Guiltinan, Professor Penn State University Siela Maximova, Research associate Penn State University Purpose of Trip: To monitor pre-existing field trials on the biological control of witche s broom of cacao at INIAP and Nestle and to establish a trial on the biological control of frosty pod of cacao. Sites Visited: (locations within countries: institutions, cities, villages, or regions) INIAP Estacion Experimental Tropical, Pichilingue, Los Rios Rio Lindo Farm, near Quevedo, Los Rios Nestle Research Farm, Valencia, Los Rios Description of Activities/Observations:! "# $%"&#%' () (* +, + --.$ / $&--/'0)-12 "*3 4" ".$ "*$5 " 3 67+*8 $*"$$9 ()+, + $$3 4" " "$$"3 ) +, + $ $$$"$* 3 3 *".$ "* $:$)"* $) $*2; / **3 * *# ).$ 7+0$" "*! "( $##,!< 5 $7$$3 *.$ "*
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Program type (workshop, seminar, field day, short course, etc.) Date Audience Number of Participants Men Women Training Provider (US university, host country institution, etc.) Training Objective Seminar (program below:) Jan 23, 2008 Researchers from INIAP and cacao professors from the University of Quevedo 30 20 Penn State, USDA-ARS, CABI Biosciences, INIAP Disperse knowledge on the biological control and integrated pest management of cacao diseases, advances in cacao propagation, and sequencing of the witches broom/frosty pod genome + $(*+ # +- Ing.Karina Solis Ing. INIAP EET, Fitopathologia Welcome and Program Moderation Ing. Ignacio Sotomayor Dr. Carmen Suarez Ing. Ivan Garzon Dr. Siela Maximova Dr. Mark Guiltinan Dr. Paul Backman Ms. Rachel Melnick Director of INIAP EET INIAP EET, Head of Fitopathologia and Prof. of Phytopathology at the University of Quevedo INIAP EET, Cacao propagation Research associate, Penn State University Professor of Horticulture, Penn State University Professor of Plant Pathology, Penn State University Ph.D. candidate, Penn State University Ing. Danilo Vera Ing. INIAP EET, Fitopathologia Dr. Jayne Crozier Scientist CABI Biosciences, from CATIE in Costa Rica Summary of the 50th Anniversary of INIAP Review of IPM and importance in cacao Advances in cacao propagation from somatic embryogenesis and rooted cuttings Somatic embryogenesis successes from St. Lucia and plant-microbe interactions of cacao fungal endophyte Sequencing of the Moniliophthora genomes and a review of the work of the Guiltinan lab The need of IPM and the role of endophyets in disease management Biological control of witches'broom and frosty pod using endophytic Bacillus spp from cacao How intercropping plantain and cacao for IPM affects disease, nematodes, and insects Trichoderma spp. as biological control agents of witches'broom and frosty pod
Dr. Bryan Bailey Scientists USDA-ARS Sustainable Perennial Crop Lab Endophytic Trichoderma spp.: the ecological and plant-microbe interaction of their interaction with cacao / $9+*K 7)+*8 ) ("( +*K 7&3 *3 4 K. (')($ $$*"""* $ * *(" +*8 (*3 *$$* "$ $$3 4" 3 &-/'$ )" $> ()"(""3 ( *"**+, + 3 $$* Suggestions, Recommendations, and/or Follow-up Items: Dra. Suárez, Ing Vera, and Ing. Solis have agreed to maintain the experiment while Rachel is in Penn State and to conduct monthly disease rating of all four experiments. Rachel will be returning in April to complete analysis on the experiments. List of Contacts Made: Name Title/Organization Contact Info (address, phone, email) Carmen Suárez Head of Phytopathology, suarezcapello@yahoo.com INIAP Danilo Vera Inginero Agronimo, INIAP danilovera@yahoo.es Martin Alvarez Nestle Karina Solis Inginero Agronimo, INIAP karinasolis@yahoo.com Ivan Garzon Inginero Agronimo, INIAP Jayne Crozier CABI Biosciences CATIE Research Station, Turrialba, Costa Rica j.crozier@cabi.org Bryan Bailey USDA-ARS SPCL USDA-ARS Betsville, MD bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov